Submitted by Angélica Vieira de Souza null (angelicaviso@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-09T18:55:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaLopes_AngelicaVieiraDOC.pdf: 10321700 bytes, checksum: 4ba6df8d0f4c9b90967437b8b728a72f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-10T17:14:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souzalopes_av_dr_rcla.pdf: 10321692 bytes, checksum: 59f8d46531ef1e32b00f1bccaa895cda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-10T17:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souzalopes_av_dr_rcla.pdf: 10321692 bytes, checksum: 59f8d46531ef1e32b00f1bccaa895cda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente Tese de Doutorado teve como escopo avaliar as ocorrências dos acidentes com produtos químicos no estado de São Paulo. Apesar da utilização de novas tecnologias que visam a minimizar ou eliminar a ocorrência dos acidentes com tais produtos, houve aumento no número de acidentes com esses produtos, no período de 1980 – 2009, no estado de São Paulo. Um acidente com produto químico pode contaminar as águas e solos, devido ao vazamento de substâncias químicas, acarretando danos irreparáveis ao meio ambiente; além de ocasionar, por conseguinte, graves danos aos seres humanos, inclusive com óbitos. Conforme dados coletados, 72,2% do total dos acidentes com produtos químicos, ocorridos no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1980-2009, foram registrados nas atividades, relacionados aos riscos industriais e riscos tecnológicos. Nas atividades referentes aos riscos industriais: armazenamento, descarte, indústria, postos e sistemas retalhistas de combustíveis, ocorreram 22,6% do total de acidentes; nas atividades referentes aos riscos tecnológicos: transportes aquaviário, ferroviário, por duto e rodoviário, ocorreram 49,6% do total dos acidentes. Tais dados sobre os acidentes com produtos químicos só foram possíveis de serem devidamente analisados e interpretados porque foram espacializados. Nesse sentido, o uso do software Arc Gis foi importante para visualizar o total de acidentes, causas e meios atingidos no estado de São Paulo e, posteriormente, a distribuição espacial desses acidentes com produtos químicos por Região Administrativa, foi de grande valia para a compreensão dos acidentes pesquisados. A pesquisa revelou, também, que a legislação ambiental brasileira e paulista apresenta um histórico de atribuição de regulamentos referentes à preservação ambiental, relacionado ao desenvolvimento econômico desde a década de 1970. A tese a ser defendida, portanto, é a seguinte: apesar do emprego de novas tecnologias, da consciência ambiental e da legislação ambiental existente, muitos acidentes com produtos químicos têm ocorrido, ainda, no estado de São Paulo, demandando estudos sobre esses acidentes e a necessidade de fiscalização na aplicação das leis ambientais. / The purpose of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of chemical accidents in the São Paulo state. Despite the use of new technologies aimed at minimizing or eliminating the occurrence of accidents with such products, there was an increase in the number of accidents with these products, from 1980 to 2009, in the São Paulo state. A chemical accident can contaminate water and soil due to the release of chemicals, causing irreparable damage to the environment; besides causing, consequently, serious damages to the human beings, even with deaths. According to data collected, 72.2% of the total number of chemical accidents occurred in the São Paulo state during the period 1980-2009 were recorded in activities related to industrial risks and technological risks. In activities related to industrial risks: storage, disposal, industry and gas stations, there were 22.6% of total accidents; in activities related to technological risks: waterway, rail, duct and road transportation, 49.6% of all accidents occurred. Such data on chemical accidents were only possible to be properly analyzed and interpreted because they were spatialized. In this sense, the use of the Arc Gis software was important to visualize the total number of accidents, causes and means reached in the São Paulo state and, later, the spatial distribution of these accidents with chemical products by Administrative Region, was of great value for the understanding of the accidents investigated. The research also revealed that Brazilian and São Paulo environmental legislation presents a history of the attribution of regulations regarding environmental preservation, related to economic development since the 1970s. The thesis to be defended, therefore, is the following: despite employment new technologies, environmental awareness and existing environmental legislation, many accidents with chemical products have also occurred in the São Paulo state, demanding studies on these accidents and the need for enforcement in the application of environmental laws.

La prévention des risques industriels s’est renforcée depuis plusieurs années notamment suite à l’accident de l’usine AZF de Toulouse en 2001. Des prescriptions techniques ont été apportées pour cela ainsi qu’une augmentation des contrôles des Inspections des Installations Classées. Le volet de la communication et de l’information a également connu des modifications en particulier avec la loi du 30 juillet 2003 avec la création des PPRT et des CLIC. Ce dernier point (communication et information) va constituer un des éléments de notre travail de thèse car nous portons notre attention sur la représentation des risques industriels majeurs et son action sur la vulnérabilité. Il est question à travers ce travail de comprendre comment se construit et évolue la représentation des risques industriels, quels éléments géographiques la composent, comment les évaluer ?Pour répondre à toutes ces questions, nous avons fait une première observation globale sur l’ensemble des établissements industriels soumis à la directive Seveso II de la région Poitou-Charentes, soit 55 sites. Nous avons rétréci notre échantillon à une dizaine d’établissements pour une seconde observation plus détaillée et plus spécifique suivant l’activité de ceux-ci, l’organisation spatiale de leur lieu d’implantations, les dynamiques et les interactions entre les acteurs du risque industriel et de la relation risques / territoire. Des comparaisons ont été faites suivant ces critères pour en faire ressortir les éléments et les facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans la construction de la représentation du risque industriel. Nous nous sommes donc appuyés sur la relation source du risque / enjeux pour en dégager la représentation des risques puis la vulnérabilité. / The prevention of industrial risks has increased since several years in particular following the accident at the AZF factory in Toulouse (2001). Technical requirements were made for this as well as brought monitoring of Inspection of Classified Installations. The component of communication and information has also experienced changes in particular with the Law of July 30, 2003 with the creation of PPRT and CLIC. This last point (communication and information) will constitute an important part of our thesis because we carry our attention to the representation of major industrial hazards and its effects on vulnerability. It comes through this work to understand how to build and evolve the representation of industrial risks, what geographical features make it up, how to evaluate?To answer all these questions, we made a first general observation on all industrial establishments subject to the Seveso II of Poitou-Charentes, 55 sites. We have narrowed our sample to a dozen establishments for a second observation more detailed and specific following its activity, the spatial organization of their location, dynamics and interactions between risk industrial actors and related risk / territory. Comparisons were made using these criteria to highlight the elements and factors that play a role in building the representation of industrial hazard. We have relied on the relationship source of risk / issues to identify the representation of risk and vulnerability.

Underwriting is crucial as it considers whether to take the risk to insurance or not. This thesis describes the underwriting process of industrial risks and factors that have influence on the whole process. The first part is devoted to the description of industrial risks, the assessment of current industrial risks and the development and the current state of the industrial insurance in the Czech Republic. The second part describes the different products of industrial insurance and their underwriting process, with the focus on the underwriters, their rights, duties, qualification and risk management. The final part of this thesis deals with describing the whole process to a particular business, resulting in the insurance offer and the calculation of premium.

La thèse explore les significations socio-spatiales de plusieurs dynamiques conflictuelles relatives à l'aménagement et à l'environnement en territoire fortement industrialisé. L'analyse porte sur les raisons et la genèse de mobilisations d'habitants et d'acteurs à l'oeuvre depuis les années 2000 autour de l'étang de Berre et du golfe de Fos (Bouches-du-Rhône), territoire en partie annexé pour les besoins du port autonome de Marseille depuis un siècle. La première partie présente les principaux enseignements des sciences humaines sur la compréhension des conflits et propose une lecture spécifique lorsque la scène de ceux-ci engage l'existence de risques industriels. La seconde partie est une photographie, enrichie d'une approche historique, des réalités de la cohabitation entre les villes et les sites à risques sous l'angle des représentations sociales de l'espace vécu, des enjeux environnementaux et des politiques de gestion des risques industriels. La troisième partie s'attache à restituer et analyser plusieurs conflits liés à l'implantation d'un incinérateur, à l'aménagement portuaire et à la mise en oeuvre de nouvelles réglementations en matière de risques industriels et d'urbanisme. La thèse montre que les mobilisations opèrent une mise au jour des fractures du territoire et des inégalités environnementales constitutives des territoires industriels. Elles sont à la fois des objets socio-politiques, démocratiques etenvironnementaux et mettent en jeu des formes de réappropriation territoriale et de justice environnementale.Cette recherche ouvre des perspectives dans l'étude du potentiel d'émergence d'une éco-citoyenneté et de l'intégration sociale de la question environnementale sur des territoires à forte charge environnementale. / The thesis explores the socio-spatial meanings of several conflicting dynamics related to the environment, anddevelopment in a heavily industrialized territory. The analysis focuses on the reasons for and the genesis of mobilizations by inhabitants and actors at work since the 2000s around the Etang de Berre and the Fos gulf (Bouches-du-Rhône), a territory which has been partly annexed for a century to serve the development of the Autonomous Port of Marseille. The first part presents the main social sciences lessons which help to understand the conflict and offers a specific reading when the situation is tied to the existence of industrial risks. The second part is a photograph, enhanced by a historical approach, of the realities of the coexistence between cities and risky sites from the perspective of social representations of livedspace, environmental issues and industrial risk management policies. The third part seeks to restore and analyze several conflicts related to the implementation of an incinerator, port development, and the implementation of new regulations in matters of industrial, and urban risks. The thesis shows that the mobilizations are working on an update of the territory’s fractures and the environmental inequalities inherent to industrial territories. They are socio-political, environmental and democratic objects, and involve forms of territorial reappropriation and environmental justice. This research opens newperspectives in the study of the potential for the emergence of eco-citizenship and the social integration of environmental issues on territories which have a high ecological burden.

Le droit à l’information environnementale du public en matière de risques industriels, par le recours aux différentes modalités d’exercice, y compris les supports de communications électroniques, paraît, de prime abord, comme étant « fonction de plusieurs variables ». Cette équation juridique consiste en effet en la mise en question de l’exercice d’un droit au regard de son objet et de ses modalités. L’hypothèse d’une évolution du droit à l’information environnementale nécessite d’analyser, au travers d’une réflexion théorique et juridique centrée sur la création et l’application du droit, l’évolution de ses droits consubstantiels, à savoir le droit d’accès à l’information du public et le droit de la participation du public au processus décisionnel. Le caractère évolutif du droit à l’information environnementale du public est appréhendé en considérant notamment les fonctions opératoires du juge dans l’exercice des droits d’accès à l’information du public et de la participation du public au processus décisionnel, et de la pluralité des modalités d’exercice de ceux-ci. La présence de certains décalages dans l’application de ces droits démontre l’évolution de l’adaptabilité du droit à l’information environnementale à son objet et à ses modalités d’exercice plutôt qu’une évolution propre à ce droit. / At first glance, the public right to environmental information on industrial hazards, by using different modes of exercise, including electronic communications, seems to be a “function of several variables”. In fact, this legal equation consists of challenging the exercise of a right with regard to its object as well as its terms. The hypothesis of evolution of the right to environmental information requires that one examines, through a theoretical and legal reflection centered on the creation and application of law, the evolution of its components, namely the right of access to information and the right to public participation in decision making. The evolving nature of the public right to environmental information is understood in particular by considering the operating functions of the judge in exercising the right of access to public information, the public participation in decision making, and the plurality of their modes of exercise. The presence of discrepancies in the application of these rights demonstrates the evolution of the adaptability of the right to environmental information with regard to its purpose and application rather than the evolution of the right itself.