Nowadays, the new information technology develops rapidly and becomes a necessary tool of globalization, and it has triggered the trend of globalization. The rapid change of the global environment has made both the debate of globalization not only deeper but wider and the development of globalization faster than before. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discuss whether the industry would develop its global market after it adopts the new technology. In addition, we also try to understand whether the industry characteristics of the industry would affect the degree of the globalization or not. This research used the questionnaire to investigate the manufacture, service and communication industries. We totally interviewed 372 enterprises. The results show that the adoption of new technologies has an apparent effect on the three industries that we discuss¡Fand the influence of the new technology is also apparent when we exclude the industry factor. Thus, we can confirm that the new technology will increase the degree of the globalization in these industries. Besides, the EC Marketing technology will help the manufacture industry to improve its globalization. As for the communication industry, the basic facilities will be beneficial to its globalization.

This paper examines the transformation of an industrial complex in the post-industrial city. I chose two study cases for research. Zollverein is an industrial complex and a World Heritage Site located in the city of Essen which is the 2010 European Capital of Culture. “798” art gallery in Beijing represents a clear example of the cultural movement, since 1990, for the renewal of art in China. (Greco and Santoro 2008) And this new cultural complex was created in what was once an industrial area. Through comparing the two areas Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen and “798” art gallery in Beijing, I aim to highlight and discuss the similarities and differences of the process of transformation from an industrial area to a post-industrial one. After that, I can analyze some of the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats from these two examples. Based on the conclusions drawn from the two cases, I will make a proposal for the reconstruction of Nanjing Jinsanli Rubber & Plastic Co., Ltd. I gave the new name “RUBBER SOUL” to this place. My design proposal for this area will bring the knowledge from the study-case analysis into practice. / My phone number is 13776657019

This thesis examines how IT and the digitization of information have transformed the Swedish graphic industry. The debate concerning the productivity paradox, i.e. if investments in IT contribute to productivity growth, is one important starting point for the thesis. Previous research on this phenomenon has mainly used different types of statistical databases as empirical sources. In this thesis though, the graphic industry is instead studied from a mainly qualitative and historical process perspective. The empirical study is focused on describing the development of internal critical production processes in the graphic industry and its external markets. The aim is to show how innovations based upon IT have influenced the transformation of the Swedish graphic industry and if this has led to changes in productivity. Furthermore, to identify other significant effects and changes in the graphic industry’s markets that also has occurred as a result of the introduction of IT innovations. The process study shows that digitization of information flows in the graphic industry began in the 1970s, but the start of the development and use of digitized information happened in the early 1980s. Today almost all types of materials in the industry, for example text and pictures, have developed into a digital form and the information flows are hereby more or less totally digitized. The consequences from use of IT in production processes are identified here as different outcomes and effects. One conclusion drawn from the analysis is that investments and use of IT have positively influenced changes in productivity. The conclusion is based on the appearance of different automational effects, which in turn have had a positive influence on factors that may be a part of a productivity index. In addition to productivity, other mainly informational effects are also identified. These effects include increased capacity to handle and produce information, increased integration of customers in the production processes, increased physical quality in produced products, and options for management improvements in the production processes. The appearance of such effects indicates that it is not always the most obvious ones, such as productivity, that is of greatest significance when IT is implemented in the processes of an industry. Also the part of the study using an external perspective shows that IT innovations have had great influence on the graphic industry’s markets. The transformation of markets is analyzed through the use of the Innovation influence model, which is grounded in the Technological systems and Development blocks concepts. It shows that suppliers to graphic companies have played an important role in the IT innovation development process and they have thereby contributed to the ongoing transformation of the industry. Furthermore, IT innovations have been an important tool for graphic companies to handle different structural tensions they have experienced. The innovations introduced have thereby contributed to the development of new products, distribution channels, and markets. At the same time different products have disappeared and old markets contracted. These progresses have also been a result f the digitization of society. Altogether, this development has resulted in a transformation pressure that has come to greatly influence the industry. Because of this there today exist fewer but larger graphic and suppliers companies. Altogether the study shows that if a productivity paradox existed in the graphic industry, it is today to be considered as resolved. The pace in which the transformation of the industry, caused by IT innovations, has occurred has been extraordinary compared to previous developments. IT has become an unconditional part of the industry and society. Therefore it is of great importance to include several perspectives, e.g., internal process perspectives as well as external market perspectives, when discussing the value that might be derived from IT investments.

<p>This dissertation uses the theory of the experimentallyorganised economy (EOE) and competence blocs to analyseeconomic development in the health care industry. The healthcare industry is both important and interesting to study fromseveral points of view. The industry is large, even larger thanthe manufacturing industry, and draws significantresources.</p><p>The theory of the EOE and competence blocs is bothevolutionary and dynamic. It identifies the actors needed foran efficient selection and commercialisation of investmentprojects and the competences needed to support that process.For this, the institutional setting is important in thatinstitutions influence the incentives that guide actors in theeconomy and the nature of competitionthat forces change.</p><p>Four empirical studies are carried out using severalempirical methods to study similar problems, ranging fromeconometric analyses of panel micro data to case studies. Weask if the withdrawal of a major employer (Pharmacia) from aregion (Uppsala) has had a negative effect on employmentgrowth. We then ask if the turnover of establishments has hadany effect on regional employment growth. We find no supportfor the first question. However, the regional turnover ofestablishments is found to have had a positive effect onregional employment growth, illustrating how important thisdynamic is for the economy. In addition, a case study of theintroduction of two almost identical innovations in twodifferent competence bloc environments, that of the US and thatof Sweden, captures the whole process from invention toinnovation and diffusion in the market. We find that without acomplete competence bloc the risk is high of“loosing awinner”. Finally, we study the role of the technologytransfer process from university to industry for thecommercialisation of new inventions. Among other things, thestudy illustrates how institutional changes, such as theBayh-Dole Act, have created positive effects for theeconomy.</p><p>The Experimentally Organised Economy; Competence Blocs;Industrial Dynamics; Health Care Industry; IndustrialTransformation; Regional Turnover of Establishments; CaseStudies; Technology Transfer</p>

This dissertation uses the theory of the experimentallyorganised economy (EOE) and competence blocs to analyseeconomic development in the health care industry. The healthcare industry is both important and interesting to study fromseveral points of view. The industry is large, even larger thanthe manufacturing industry, and draws significantresources. The theory of the EOE and competence blocs is bothevolutionary and dynamic. It identifies the actors needed foran efficient selection and commercialisation of investmentprojects and the competences needed to support that process.For this, the institutional setting is important in thatinstitutions influence the incentives that guide actors in theeconomy and the nature of competitionthat forces change. Four empirical studies are carried out using severalempirical methods to study similar problems, ranging fromeconometric analyses of panel micro data to case studies. Weask if the withdrawal of a major employer (Pharmacia) from aregion (Uppsala) has had a negative effect on employmentgrowth. We then ask if the turnover of establishments has hadany effect on regional employment growth. We find no supportfor the first question. However, the regional turnover ofestablishments is found to have had a positive effect onregional employment growth, illustrating how important thisdynamic is for the economy. In addition, a case study of theintroduction of two almost identical innovations in twodifferent competence bloc environments, that of the US and thatof Sweden, captures the whole process from invention toinnovation and diffusion in the market. We find that without acomplete competence bloc the risk is high of“loosing awinner”. Finally, we study the role of the technologytransfer process from university to industry for thecommercialisation of new inventions. Among other things, thestudy illustrates how institutional changes, such as theBayh-Dole Act, have created positive effects for theeconomy. The Experimentally Organised Economy; Competence Blocs;Industrial Dynamics; Health Care Industry; IndustrialTransformation; Regional Turnover of Establishments; CaseStudies; Technology Transfer / <p>NR 20140805</p>

The world is facing an unprecedented global environmental disaster. CO2 is currently the largest contributor to global warming and a large part of global emissions come from the automotive industry. The Paris agreement as well as policies and governmental decisions are forcing car manufacturers to transition from internal combustion engines to electric motors. This has led to difficulties for organizations throughout the value chain whose products or services become obsolete. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how a small company called Loccioni managed to use their competencies to grow during this radical industrial transformation. To answer the research question, data was collected using semi structured interviews as well as a period of ethnography.  Results from this case study show that the values and mental models of Enrico and Graziella Loccioni developed over time into a dominant logic which they constantly adapted to changes in the external environment. By following their dominant logic, the company developed their core competencies. Focusing on having strategically similar businesses allowed them to use their competencies transversally throughout different business areas. By realizing what competencies they had, they could move swiftly from working with internal combustion engines to electric motors. Loccioni has also worked hard to develop their customer relationships, which allowed them to work with the same customers in different business areas. Having high trust with their customers also allowed them to work with open innovation and co-create with customers who had cutting edge knowledge in different parts of the e-Mobility business area. This enabled Loccioni to quickly develop their competencies in relatively unknown areas.

Introduction: Research shows that the lifespan of large companies gets shorter and shorter, the average age of companies on the list of fortune 500 is 33 years, the average age is expected to decline to 12 years by 2027 (Anthony et al., 2018). Innovations that are driven by social, environmental or sustainability issues are defined as sustainability-driven innovations (Metz, 2016). Not much is known when it comes to what sources can trigger a disruptive sustainability-driven innovation.    Problem background: There has been many troubling studies about the damage we as humans bring upon our blue planet, these studies are apocalyptic (Osborn 1948; Carson 1962; Meadows et al 1972; Cole et al 1973). To be able to meet the aspirations of millions rising from poverty, we need transformation and change throughout society, and disruptive innovations is the key to unlock this transformation (Sterman, 2015). The disruption literature is well developed when it comes to what sources can trigger a disruptive innovation. There does not exist literature on what sources that can trigger sustainability-driven innovations.   Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to create a conceptual model that show possible sources of disruption for sustainability-driven innovations. The knowledge created by the conceptual model will be used at a later stage to develop a monitoring tool for TOMRA. To fulfill the purpose of this master thesis we have developed the following research question: what sources can trigger a disruptive sustainability-driven innovation?   Methodology: To answer the research question, this thesis used an exploratory research design, inductive research approach and the single case study with participants from four companies that acts in three different industries and five interviews with experts in the field of sustainability-driven innovations as the chosen research method. The primary data has been collected from 13 interviews from new entrants, incumbents, experts and governmental agencies. Secondary data were collected to support the analysis.   Findings: The key findings of this thesis are eight new sources of disruption; established technology, public value, public opinion, political decisions, political goals, legislations, subsidizations and demo-pilots    Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a gap in the disruption literature, especially when it comes to the source of disruption. Because the study found other sources that might trigger a disruption rather than only new technology and new BMs. Realizing that, the sources of disruption were expanded to have three subcategories that influence each other, technology and BM, citizen awareness and policy.

<p>The growth of the Swedish Computing and Communicationsindustry is studied in this thesis. Growth is seen as a dynamicprocess moved by the entry, expansion, contraction and exit offirms.</p><p>The analysis is founded on the theory of the ExperimentallyOrganised Economy, which views the economy as an experimentalprocess. The entire thesis is organised around the problem ofresource allocation and the issue of growth through theintroduction of new combinations into the economic system,using the terminology of Schumpeter (1911). Competence blocsdetermine the efficiency of the economic process, i.e., theextent to which it leads to sustained economic growth ratherthan stagnation. Change is a fundamental feature of theeconomic process, firms have to be flexible to survive and theeconomic system must promote flexibility to grow. Many trials,or experiments, are required to discover and select "winning"firms and technologies. Hence, the turnover (i.e., entry andexit) of firms is supposed to have positive effects on growth.Theory, furthermore, predicts that new and small firms are moreentrepreneurial and innovative and that they, therefore, willgrow faster than old and large firms.</p><p>The empirical results show that firm growth decreases withfirm age, decreases with firm size, increases with firmindependence, decreases with government ownership and thatindustry growth increases with firm turnover. Moreover, thesmallest firms have been the major job contributors during the1993-1998 period investigated empirically. It is also shownthat employment growth is facilitated by a sustained high entryof firms.</p><p>Lastly, many policies, several of which were introduced inthe late 1960s and early 1970s, have selectively supportedlarge firms in mature industries. Hence, they have exercised arelatively negative influence on exactly the types of firmsthat have been shown to contribute to growth. These policieshave also made the Swedish economy less flexible. It is arguedthat this partly explains the slow economic growth in Swedencompared to other OECD countries since the 1970s. Aninteresting question is where Sweden would have been today witha different policy orientation.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>The Experimentally Organised Economy;Competence Blocs; Industrial dynamics; Industrialtransformation; Firm age, Small-firm growth; Turnover of firms;Computing and Communications industry; IT industry;Institutions.</p>

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The sugarcane agribusiness, one of the most traditional of the country, is living a moment of reflection and change with the advent of second-generation ethanol (2G), enzymatic hydrolysis process, with the deployment of the first commercial-scale plant, the GRANBIO. Evolutionary / neoschumpeterian literature is used as a theoretical framework and a review of literature on sectoral systems of innovation, learning processes and the accumulation of technological capabilities. The main challenges direct the research areas supported by SSI and relates to the increased productivity of the raw material through the cane-energy development, and its technical difficulties are concerning the adaptation of new varieties in different edapho-climatic conditions, the adequacy of management techniques with development of planting and harvesting and storage techniques machines; Improvements in the manufacturing process are related to the development of new technologies for increased efficiency using in the new biotechnologyc paradigm. The organizational level has a necessary changes in the learning process and technological capacity to build the firm to achieve endogenous production levels of technology. It was found that all research developed in Brazil around the 2G ethanol partnership with research centers and universities, coming from Sector System sugarcane Innovation, created to sustain and support the metalworking industry, the producers of sugar and ethanol 1G. The 2G firm seeks to harness the "windows of opportunity" of new technology and from the endogenous production of knowledge can dictate the success of technology development. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A agroindústria sucroenergética, uma das mais tradicionais do país, está vivendo um momento de reflexões e mudanças com o advento da produção de etanol de segunda geração (2G), processo de hidrolise enzimática, e com a implantação da primeira planta em escala comercial, a GRANBIO. A literatura evolucionária/neoschumpeteriana é utilizada como referencial teórico e uma revisão da bibliografia sobre sistemas setoriais de inovação, os processos de aprendizagem e a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas. Os principais desafios direcionam as linhas de pesquisa suportadas pelo SSI e relacionam-se ao incremento da produtividade da matéria-prima, através do desenvolvimento da cana-energia, e seus gargalos técnicos relativos à adaptação de novas variedades em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, a adequação das técnicas de manejo com desenvolvimento de máquinas de plantio e colheita e as técnicas de armazenagem; As melhorias no processo industrial relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para o aumento da eficiência utilizando o novo paradigma biotecnológico. A nível organizacional, ocorreram modificações no processo de aprendizado e de acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica da firma para alcançar níveis de produção endógena de tecnologia. Toda pesquisa desenvolvida no Brasil em torno do etanol de 2G tem parceria com os centros de pesquisa e universidades, oriundos do Sistema Setorial de Inovação sucroalcooleiro, criado para dar sustentação e suporte a indústria metal mecânica, produtora de açúcar e etanol de 1G. A firma de 2G busca aproveitar as “janelas de oportunidades” da nova tecnologia e produz conhecimento para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia 2G.