The rise of on-demand platform work typified by Uber has intensified a decades-long trend away from standard work relationships and toward contingent work structures, characterized by the unbounding of work in space and time. Yet many workers have always toiled outside of a traditional workplace and “standard” schedule. My dissertation examines how contingent workers in four different industries navigate unstable work schedules across unsettled work geographies, drawing on 120 interviews with agricultural and oil and gas workers in Texas and on-demand delivery workers and university adjuncts in New York City. Across these “old” and “new” cases of contingent work performed across rural and urban landscapes, work processes restructure space and time in such a way that workers do not know when, for how long, or where they will have work. I call this temporal and spatial instability positional uncertainty – repurposing an oilfield term for the inability to pinpoint precisely where one is at any given moment in the drilling process. The experience of positional uncertainty forces workers to subordinate the rhythms and geographies of their own lives to the temporal and spatial imperatives of their respective labor processes, leading to time struggle (unpaid periods of waiting or “zombie time” and overwork) and challenges in space (related to the bifurcation or unbounding, respectively, of the spaces of work and home). Workers respond, first, by doing boundary work, and second, by telling both critical and anchoring stories in attempts to bring coherence and meaning to the day-to-day and the long-term. The dissertation highlights the integral role of time and space in structuring social life, the active maneuvers by which workers struggle to re-configure time and space to produce coherence and make a life for themselves, and the short- and long-term costs of the transfer of risk onto workers through positional uncertainty. The strategic comparison reveals parallel strategies across disparate cases in response to the warping of time and space and illuminates how positional uncertainty exacerbates deep-set structural inequalities.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MFamMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / Background: Coronary heart disease is a global public health problem. Formerly considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa, evidence has shown that urbanization and the adoption of more affluent and sedentary lifestyle in subpopulations of this region, may result in increased prevalence. One such subpopulation is workers in the Nigerian petroleum industry and this study examines their risk factors for coronary heart disease. In addition the study compares the risk profile of onshore and offshore workers. Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study undertaken to determine the level of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in two groups of male workers of the petroleum industry in Nigeria; the onshore and the offshore workers. Four hundred workers were randomnly selected and invited to participate, with a desired sample size of 234. The data was collected by using an electronic questionnaire to explore life style factors like exercise, diet, and smoking that predispose to this disease. Anthropometric indices included body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio. Biochemical tests included lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also recorded. The prevalence of known hypertension and diabetes as well as the metabolic syndrome were determined. The questionnaire data was analysed and compared with the chi-square test using the software, Epi-info 2008 Windows Version 3.5.1 and the means of the continuous variables were determined and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: 121 onshore and 110 offshore workers participated. Overall the cardiovascular risk profile of onshore versus offshore workers in the oil industry was worse. Onshore workers had increased waist circumference,; though there was no significant difference in the Waist-Hip Ratio, increased rates of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension and were less physically active. Dietary differences were less marked, but more beef and chicken were consumed by onshore while more fish was consumed by offshore workers. Conversely the offshore workers had a higher BMI and lower levels of protective HDL. Overall, in this population, the BMI and the umber of diabetics were higher and the HDL lower than the country figures. Conclusion The obesity profile of the two groups was comparable to that of the Western nations and could become worse. This also reflects the fact that within Nigeria there are sub-populations with cardio-metabolic profiles that depart significantly from the national average. This is most probably due to dietary factors and poor exercise habits and calls for intervention through health promotional activities / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar

CAPES / O alto nível de ruído ocupacional é um problema presente em todas as regiões do mundo. O ruído é um agente ambiental que afeta diariamente uma grande parte de trabalhadores em indústrias e geram inúmeras consequências negativas. Pesquisas sobre o ruído ocupacional e os efeitos na saúde do trabalhador são publicados, porém, a análise da percepção individual do trabalhador sobre o seu comportamento constitui ainda um tema pouco abordado. Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar a influência do nível de maturidade dos Programas de Conservação Auditiva sobre a percepção de risco pelos trabalhadores. O presente estudo avaliou cinco empresas metalúrgicas com uma amostra de 243 trabalhadores expostos a níveis de pressão sonora superiores ao nível de ação na legislação nacional 85 dB (A). Tendo como base a revisão bibliográfica, foram aplicados dois questionários para avaliação das variáveis de natureza qualitativa. O primeiro questionário foi desenvolvido e aplicado às empresas para avaliar os níveis de maturidade em programas de conservação auditiva. Posteriormente foi aplicado um questionário para o trabalhador considerando a percepção individual do risco, a percepção dos efeitos do ruído, cultura de segurança e o comportamento de risco. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, onde foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise de confiabilidade, análise de variância – ANOVA, Teste de Tukey e estatística descritiva para relacionar os dados. Concluiu-se que os diferentes níveis de maturidade não apresentam diferenças significativas na percepção do trabalhador, entretanto, foi possível constatar um maior percepção de risco nos diferentes níveis de exposição ao ruído. / The high level of occupational noise is a problem present in all regions of the world. Noise is an environmental agent that daily affects a large number of workers in industries and generate countless negative consequences. Research on occupational noise and the health effects of the worker is published, however, the analysis of individual perception of the worker on his behavior is still a subject little addressed. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of maturity of the Hearing Conservation Programs on the perception of risk by the workers. The present study evaluated five metallurgical companies with a sample of 243 workers exposed to sound pressure levels above the action level in national legislation 85 dB (A). Based on the bibliographic review, two questionnaires were used to evaluate qualitative variables. The first questionnaire was developed and applied to companies to evaluate maturity levels in auditory conservation programs. Subsequently a questionnaire was applied to the worker considering the individual perception of risk, perception of the effects of noise, safety culture and risk behavior. The data were analyzed statistically, where tools of reliability analysis, analysis of variance - ANOVA, Tukey test and descriptive statistics were used to relate the data. It was concluded that the different levels of maturity do not present significant differences in the perception of the worker, however, it was possible to verify a greater perception of risk in the different levels of exposure to noise.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Praun_LucieneidaDovao_D.pdf: 2161036 bytes, checksum: 6a1a55be7e47b28738b6c7b0d1e11f44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada trata do impacto da reorganização do trabalho e da produção fundada nos pressupostos do toyotismo, em curso no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990, sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Tem como pressuposto a análise teórica que articula as alterações ocorridas no interior dos locais de trabalho, em escala global, a um processo mais amplo de reorganização do padrão de acumulação capitalista. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa tomou-se como objeto de estudo a General Motors do Brasil (GMB), particularmente a planta produtiva instalada no município de São José dos Campos/SP. Especificamente sobre a planta localizada no interior paulista foram analisadas 1.517 Comunicações de Acidentes de Trabalho (CAT), sendo 579 emitidas pela GM e as restantes, 938, pelo Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São José dos Campos. A análise destes documentos, da pesquisa bibliográfica, do acesso a outras fontes documentais, assim como a realização de entrevistas focalizadas com os trabalhadores da General Motors do Brasil, possibilitaram a construção de um panorama das condições de trabalho presentes na respectiva planta e seu impacto sobre os trabalhadores. Buscou-se ainda, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a relação do fenômeno estudado a partir de um local específico com processos mais amplos, em andamento, que articulam precarização, aceleração do ritmo e intensidade do trabalho, ao aumento expressivo, no mundo inteiro, da incidência de acidentes e doenças profissionais e do trabalho / Abstract: The present research reveals the significant impact upon labor reorganization and production oriented towards the so-called Toyotism, which is in progress in Brazil since the 1980¿s and closely related to workplace health. The research theoretically focuses on the changes detected in the work environment, influenced by a lengthy process of capitalist accumulation. In order to carry out the study, a General Motors Brazil (GMB) plant located in São José dos Campos was selected. More specifically, 1517 work accident claims were analyzed, of which 579 were filed by GM and 938 by the Labor Union in São José dos Campos. Based on the critical analysis of documents and interviews with GM workers a framework for the working conditions in the aforementioned plant and the impact on workers was developed. The research also sheds light on the process which brings about precarious work, rhythm acceleration and labor intensity in view of the considerable growth of workplace injury and illness / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

The present study adopted a “field-laboratory-field” approach in the assessment of the efficacy of ergonomics interventions specific to two selected tasks evaluated in a South African automotive industry. Initial field testing was conducted in an Eastern Cape (South Africa) automotive plant where high risk areas were identified during walkthrough ergonomics surveys in conjunction with interaction with operators. Temporal factors and working postures of 12 industrial workers were recorded and observed, while physiological and perceptual responses were assessed. Two priority areas were focused upon for analysis, namely the Paintshop and Bodyshop with the former identified as being the more taxing of the two tasks. Responses of 30 students participating in rigourously controlled laboratory simulations were subsequently collected while completing the two tasks, namely the Paintshop Trolley Transfer (PTT) and Car Door Carriage (CDC) for participants. Working postures, kinematic, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the laboratory experimentation a basic re-evaluation was conducted at the plant to assess whether the proposed changes had a positive effect on working postures, physiological and perceptual responses. The results of the preliminary field investigation revealed a prevalence of awkward working postures and excessive manual work in both areas. Laboratory experimentation revealed a notable reduction in task demands pre- versus post-intervention. The PTT mean lean angle for two-handed pre-intervention pulling observations of 23.7° (±3.51) was reduced to 13.9° (±2.21) post-intervention. Low back disorder (LBD) risk was reduced during the two-handed pull intervention (from 36.8% ±8.03 to 21.7% ±5.31). A significant decrement in heart rate responses from 103 bt.min-1 (±11.62) to 93 bt.min[superscript -1] (±11.77) was recorded during the two-handed symmetrical pushing intervention. The electromyography (EMG) responses for one-handed pushing and pulling pre-intervention showed the highest levels of muscular activity in the right medial deltoid due to an awkward and asymmetrical posture. CDC responses demonstrated that minor changes in the storage height of the door resulted in a significant reduction in sagittal flexion from 28.0° (±4.78) to 20.7° (±5.65). Predictions of average probability of LBD risk were significantly reduced from 50.3% (±5.91) to 39.8% (±5.10) for post-intervention car door lifting. In addition, the greatest reduction in EMG activity as a %MVC was achieved during sub-task ii (reduced from 35.1 to 13.7% and 30.5 to 13.9% for left and right erector spinae respectively) which was associated with the introduction of the transfer trolley for the door transfer phase of the CDC. Re-evaluation in the automotive plant revealed that the most notable change has been the implementation of automated ride on trolleys in the Paintshop. The Bodyshop area has also been modified to allow more effective job rotation and the step into the storage bin has been reduced via a “low-cost” stepping platform. Mean heart rate recordings were reduced from 94 (±9.77) bt.min[superscript -1] to 81 (±3.72) bt.min[superscript -1] in the Paintshop. Overall the results demonstrate the effect of “low-cost” interventions in reducing the physical stresses placed on workers in the automotive industry where much of the work is still done manually.

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-05T12:40:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deocleciana Ferreira.pdf: 23103983 bytes, checksum: 4fe8ee9bcb5c96640dce05e005e8e50c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deocleciana Ferreira.pdf: 23103983 bytes, checksum: 4fe8ee9bcb5c96640dce05e005e8e50c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study reconstructs the transformation of an area in the eastern periphery of São Paulo from rural settlement to urban neighborhood. Emblematically, the area carries the name of Fazenda da Juta (Juta Farm), after a crop widely found in the region at the beginning of the 20th century, until the coffee crisis of 1929. During this process of transformation – from an area initially settled by Italian migrants dedicated to fruit farming, and later by Brazilian migrants from the drought-ridden Northeast of the country – the workforce faced conditions of extreme poverty that would give rise to struggles on two fronts: individually for work, and collectively, with their family and neighbors, for the urbanization of the territory they occupied. This ethnographic and documentary study recaptures the lived spaces of this history and collects stories, testimonies and memories to reconstruct the political struggles of the Fazenda da Juta Movement, and their consequences, over four decades. The study primarily focuses on the period from 1960 to 1990, although it traces shifts in land ownership and development processes back to the nineteenth century. This reconstruction shows these struggles among a segment of the population to be a legitimate expression of democratic, popular strength capable of producing continual counter-hegemonic mobilization for access to land and housing. The occupiers of Fazenda da Juta are the protagonists of this story, who, besides building their own homes, organized collectively to demand the provision of urban and social infrastructure in their neighborhood. This study draws on documentary evidence and testimonies to show that a popular neighborhood in the metropolis of São Paulo was urbanized primarily as a result of processes of social mobilization, while the State failed to meet its obligations to provide adequate living conditions in the city’s popular settlements / Este estudo reconstrói a trajetória de um povoado rural para um assentamento populacional urbano situado no extremo leste da cidade de São Paulo que traz emblematicamente o nome de Fazenda da Juta, plantio que a caracteriza no início do século XX até pós-crise do café de1929, alcançando o final dos anos 30 (1938), ocorreu o processo de mutação, desde a propriedade rural ocupada, inicialmente por migrantes italianos dedicados a lavoura de frutas, e após, por migrantes brasileiros, chegados da seca do Nordeste, na condição de força de trabalho miserabilizada que inicia dupla frente de luta, a individual, pelo trabalho e, com sua família e vizinhos, pela urbanização do território ocupado. O estudo, de cortes etnográfico e documental resgata espaços de vivências, recolhe histórias, depoimentos, memórias que vão reconstruir disputas políticas travadas, e os resultados de lutas do Movimento da Fazenda da Juta durante quatro décadas de sua presença e ação. A intensidade do estudo se refere ao período de 1960 a 1990 embora para identificação da propriedade e destino da terra tenha retrocedido até o século XIX. Essa reconstrução de luta popular de resistência da classe trabalhadora se mostra como expressão legitima de força democrática e popular capaz de travar permanente disputa contra hegemônica para o acesso à terra e moradia. Os assentados na Fazenda da Juta são protagonistas que para além da casa de alvenaria, organizaram um coletivo de moradores que lutou e obteve a instalação da infraestrutura urbana e social. Este estudo reitera com provas documentais e depoimentos o quanto um bairro popular nesta metrópole de São Paulo tem sua urbanização resultante do processo de luta da própria população uma vez que o Estado é omisso e lerdo em prover condições adequadas de vida nos espaços da cidade sobretudo os de assentamento popular