Tipificado de forma autônoma pela nossa legislação, o delito de infanticídio, previsto no artigo 123 do Código Penal, trata da conduta da mãe que tira a vida do próprio filho durante ou logo após o parto. Historicamente cercado de dúvidas e pontos de conflito, a conduta infanticida passou por extremos, indo da punição absolutamente desumana à total benevolência para com o violador da norma. Analisada a figura típica do infanticídio, percebe-se uma modalidade especial do crime de homicídio que o legislador preferiu apenar mais brandamente. Em um primeiro momento, foi levado em consideração para justificar tal abrandamento o critério psicológico, baseado na honra da mãe. Posteriormente, tal critério foi substituído pelo fisiopsicológico, onde o estado puerperal passou a ser a elementar do tipo. Em conjunto com o estado puerperal, o lapso temporal em que a conduta deve ser praticada, durante ou logo após o parto, fazem do infanticídio um dos delitos que mais geram dúvidas dentro no ordenamento jurídico vigente. Considerada a genitora sujeito ativo do delito, o estado puerperal como elementar do tipo suscita questionamentos a respeito da prática do crime em concurso de agentes. Igualmente, a não previsão da modalidade culposa ao tipo caracteriza uma lacuna geradora de conflitos doutrinários em caso da morte do nascente ou neonato por imprudência ou negligência da mãe. Juntamente com toda problemática que o tipo apresenta, o julgamento do delito pelo Tribunal do Júri, com as alterações legislativas recentemente sofridas por esse instituto, faz com que o infanticídio seja, mais uma vez, objeto de dúvidas com relação ao modo como a quesitação deve ser apresentada. Útil ao estudo do tema, uma análise do crime, frente às legislações dos demais países da América Latina e alguns países da Europa, darão um quadro geral de como o delito é tratado fora de nossas fronteiras. Por fim, espera-se contribuir para que se forme uma opinião sobre a necessidade ou não da manutenção do tipo, de forma autônoma, em nosso ordenamento jurídico. / Typified autonomously by our legislation, the crime of infanticide under the article 123 of the Penal Code, deals with the behaviour of the mother who takes the life of her own son during the child-birth or soon after it. Historically surrounded by doubts and conflicts, the infanticidal conduct has gone through extremes, from totally unhumane punishment to total benevolence for the violator of the law. After analyzing the typical figure of infanticide, we can notice a special genre of homicide that the legislator chose to punish more softly. At first it was considered the psychological criterion to justify such mitigation, based on the mothers honour. After that, such criterion was replaced by the physiopsychological, where the puerperal state became the base of the type. Together with the puerperal state, the time lag in which the conduct must be practised, during the child-birth or soon after that, turns the infanticide into one of the crimes that most generates doubts inside the actual legal system. As the genitor is considered the active subject of the crime, the puerperal state as the base of the type evokes questioning about the practice of the crime in competition of agents. In the same way, the non prevision of the fault mode to the type caracterizes a gap generator of doctrinaire conflicts in case of the death of the new born because of the mothers imprudence or neglection. Together with all the set of problems that the type introduces, the judgement of the delict by the Court of Justice, with the recent legislative changes occurred in this institute, turns the infanticide, once more, the object of doubts in respect to the way the inquiry is presented. Useful for the study of the subject, the analysis of the crime facing the legislation of the other Latin American countries and some European countries will show a general view of how the delict is dealt with outside our borders. Finally, it is expected to contribute in order to form an opinion about the necessity or no necessity of the maintenance of the type autonomously in our legal system.

A partir do atendimento de um caso de tentativa de infanticídio, buscou-se discutir algumas das condições para a construção da função materna. Entre as possíveis formas de se abordar um caso em pesquisa, optou-se pela construção de caso, privilegiando um olhar que parte da clínica, na qual entendemos fundar-se a descoberta psicanalítica em sua vocação de retroalimentar a teoria. Foram privilegiados três eixos: a experiência corporal, o lugar do sujeito e o laço social. Para tal, trabalharam-se estes aspectos: o percurso histórico antecedente ao que se entende hoje por maternidade, incluindo-se a psicanálise no seu início, os diferentes discursos sobre o corpo que desembocam no discurso médico, conforme proposto por Clavreul, e as questões do laço social na constituição da função materna, a partir do conceito de contrato narcisista de Piera Aulagnier. Dessa forma, pôde-se apontar como a função materna é atravessada pela lógica dessubjetivante da contemporaneidade e, ao mesmo tempo, reafirma-se a escuta do sujeito como condição para a superação dos impasses da atualidade / From the discussion of a case of attempted infanticide, we tried to discuss some of the conditions for the construction of the maternal role. Among the possible ways to approach a case in research, we chose to build a case, favoring a look that starts from the clinic, in which we understand is the base of the psychoanalytic discovery in its vocation to provide feedback for theory. Three main aspects were privileged: a bodily experience, the place of the subject and the social bond. To this end, these aspects have been worked up: the historical background antecedent to what is meant by motherhood today, including psychoanalysis in its early stages, the different discourses on the body leading into the medical discourse as proposed by Clavreul, and issues of the social bond in the constitution of the maternal role, from the concept of narcissistic contract of Piera Aulagnier. Thus, one could point out how the maternal role is crossed by the deconstructive logic of the subjective of contemporaneity and at the same time reaffirming the listening to the subject as a condition for overcoming the impasses of the present

Après un examen de figures de la vulnérabilité humaine relevées dans des domaines de l’agir humain (juridique, socio-politique, biomédical), a été traité le thème central de cette étude : répondre de la vulnérabilité humaine, à savoir s’engager en faveur de la vulnérabilité et l’assumer par le souci de l’autre, le plus vulnérable, par une responsabilité illimitée à son égard, responsabilité d’otage. À partir d’une approche méthodologique fondée sur les notions d’emphase chez Lévinas, de situation limite chez Jaspers et des causes de la souffrance repérées par Freud, ont été retenus et étudiés quatre thèmes représentatifs de la vulnérabilité : le handicap (confronté à la menace de l’eugénisme libéral), la souffrance humaine, la vulnérabilité propre au sujet humain et celle causée par la socialité. C’est par l’étude de la responsabilité et du souci de l’autre, chez Ricœur, Jonas, Lévinas et Kant, qu’ont été abordés ces deux thèmes : une responsabilité pour autrui, précédant toute liberté, et le souci de l’autre, nous incitant à protéger le plus vulnérable : l’amour que nous portons au nouveau né, le combat désespéré contre la souffrance injustifiable d’un enfant, la protection de la personne handicapée ou dépendante. Par les menaces qui pèsent sur elles, par la mise en cause de leur droit à l’existence et par leur mise à l’écart de la société, les personnes handicapées représentent de façon hyperbolique la vulnérabilité humaine. Nous soutenons comme modèle de l’hospitalité à offrir à toute vulnérabilité humaine, celui du pacte parental, principe originaire de la sociabilité humaine et d’une humanité répondant de l’existence et de la vie de la personne vulnérable. / The first stage of this study looks at figures of human vulnerability in legal, socio-political, biomedical areas. Afterwards we have dealt with the issue of this thesis : answering for human vulnerability, namely, commiting oneself to the vulnerability and being assigned to the concern for the other, as the most vulnerable, by an unlimited hostage-like responsibility. Thru a methodological approach relying upon the concepts of emphasis in Levinas, of ultimate situation in Jaspers, as well as upon causes of suffering for Freud, four representative themes of vulnerability were studied : the disability (disabled people faced with the threat of liberal eugenics), the suffering of man, the vulnerability related to the human subject and the vulnerability stemming from society. From the study of responsability in Ricoeur, Jonas, Levinas and Kant, those both themes have been addressed : the responsibility ahead of any freedom, and the concern for the other as such, that both entail the protection of the most vulnerable : the love towards our just new born, the struggle with an unjustifiable suffering of a child, the protection of a disabled or dependent person. Questioning their right to exist, keeping them away from society, are actual threats for disabled people, hence they represent, in a hyperbolic way, extreme human vulnerability. At the end of this study, we will go along with a model of the hospitality towards the pervasive human vulnerability, as the model of a parental covenant, native principle of human sociability and mankind answering for the existence and the life of the vulnerable person.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Pires de Rezende Junior.pdf: 975994 bytes, checksum: 7523384892cdbcbc5fb045dadc07b21f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil / The present research analyses, from an anthropological and cultural standpoint, narratives and discourses on identity, produced within the social drama of indigenous infanticide in the context of a mission field. The goal is to identify and perceive symbolic and social interaction, practices and modes of representation, power struggles relating to identity and self-perception, as well as the maintenance of the idea of belonging in the cases of interaction with distinct cultures, particularly in the response to the contact with Christian values presented by protestant missionaries. All these aspects are analyzed in connection with the issue of the ideology of cultural diversity, from theoretical referential presented by Michel Foucault and the order of the speeches, Clifford Geertz and an interpretation of cultures and Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira and his reflections above identity. This research uses as the interpretation of the flow of social discourse to perpetuate life stories, stories of present time. / A pesquisa, numa perspectiva antropológica e cultural, analisa histórias e discursos identitários, produzidos a partir do drama social do infanticídio indígena, no campo indígena missionário. O objetivo é identificar e destacar: as interações simbólicas e sociais, as práticas e modos de representações, os jogos de poder relacionados à identidade e seu processo reflexivo; bem como, a manutenção da ideia do pertencimento nos casos de interação com culturas distintas, principalmente a repercussão e reverberação no contato com valores cristãos apresentados por missionários protestantes. Todas as análises são feitas diante do contexto que se chamou da ideologização da diversidade cultural, a partir dos referenciais teóricos apresentados por Michel Foucault e a ordem dos discursos, Clifford Geertz e a metodologia de interpretação das culturas e Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira e suas reflexões sobre identidade. Esta pesquisa utiliza como método a interpretação do fluxo do discurso social e preocupa-se em perpetuar histórias de vida, histórias do tempo presente.

Puerperal Psychosis is the most severe form of postnatal psychiatric illness, and is a psychiatric emergency. Human-based research to find a means of genetically predicting a woman's risk of puerperal psychosis has so far failed to reliably or reproducibly identify candidate genes or pathways, due to problems common within the field of psychiatric genetics, leading to the proposal of using an animal model in the form of Porcine Maternal Infanticide. In this project, the author has aimed to understand the pathophysiology of PMI using NGS technologies in order to 1) extend the validity of PMI as a model for PP; 2) determine future steps for development of the PMI model; and 3) generate insights into the management of PMI (and by extension PP) via prediction and detection of a puerperal trigger. These aims have been pursued via two experiments. In the first, the author has created RNA-Seq libraries from archival RNA, and then performed differential gene expression analysis. The results indicated that RNA-Seq technologies can be used with archival RNA samples, but using such samples introduces the risk of degradation-based bias. The substantial influence of outliers, confounding factors and sample size on the results prevented reliable identification of candidate genes" but provide concrete guidelines development of the Porcine Maternal Infanticide model. In the second, the author has created MBD-Seq libraries from archival tissue, and then performed differential methylation analysis. The results indicated that it is possible to use MBD-Seq technologies with Sus scrofa brain tissue. Once again, the effect of confounding factors and sample size on the results prevented reliable identification of candidate genes, but provide guidance for development of the Porcine Maternal Infanticide model.

O Código Penal Brasileiro, atualmente em vigor, prevê o crime de infanticídio como o ato de matar, sob a influência do estado puerperal, o próprio filho, durante o parto ou logo após. Trata-se de crime cuja agente é necessariamente a parturiente ou a puérpera. Com pena reduzida em relação ao homicídio, é considerado um crime excepcional, pelo fato de ser cometido por mulher sem completo domínio dos seus atos. No Brasil, os saberes sobre o tema são produzidos especialmente nas doutrinas penais e médico-legais, sendo restrito o diálogo com pesquisas empíricas que analisam o fenômeno do infanticídio sob uma ótica interdisciplinar. O presente trabalho apresenta uma etnografia dos usos e entendimentos do tipo penal infanticídio, feita por meio da análise de sete processos judiciais; 179 acórdãos, entrevistas e conversas informais com personagens processuais envolvidos em casos nos quais se discutiu se tratar de infanticídio; participação em três sessões de julgamento, pelo Tribunal do Júri, de mulheres acusadas da morte de seu/sua recém-nascido/a; e análise da produção sobre infanticídio publicada em doutrinas penais e médico-legais. Seu principal objetivo foi compreender como quem acusa, defende ou julga essas mulheres utiliza e interpreta o tipo penal infanticídio e os elementos que fazem deste crime peculiar. Mapeei, também, que visões de mulher, maternidade, crime feminino estão embutidas na construção desse tipo penal específico, bem como a maneira como este é trabalhado nas defesas e acusações judiciais. Por fim, identifiquei como os casos são apresentados e decididos no Sistema de Justiça Criminal. Concluí que há uma grande discrepância no modo como estes são interpretados e julgados, apesar da semelhança nítida que há entre eles, tendo as moralidades dos personagens processuais peso considerável nos rumos tomados nos autos. A mulher acusada de matar seu/sua recém-nascido/a é considerada mais ou menos cruel dependendo das lentes com as quais o caso é visto, sendo as expectativas acerca de uma maternidade sadia parâmetro para se julgar. / The present Brazilian Criminal Code establishes infanticide as a criminal offense, describing it as the act of killing, under the influence of the \"puerperal state\", ones own child, during labor or shortly after. The offender is necessarily the laboring or puerperal woman. Considered an exceptional crime, its sentence is shorter than a homicide, for its committed by a woman not fully aware of her acts. In Brazil, the knowledge on the issue is produced mostly in criminal and legal-medical doctrinal analysis, limiting the dialogue with empirical researches that analyses the infanticide phenomenon under an interdisciplinary approach. This work presents an ethnography of uses and understandings of infanticide as a criminal offense, by means of the analysis of seven judicial cases; 179 decisions; interviews and informal conversations with people with roles in cases related to infanticide; participation in three Jury trials of women accused of the death of their own newborns; and analysis of the literature on infanticide published in criminal and legal-medical doctrinal analysis. Its main purpose is to understand how who accuses, defends or judge women for the death of their newborns uses and interprets the criminal offense infanticide and the elements that make this a peculiar crime. I have also mapped which visions of woman, motherhood, and feminine crime are enmeshed in the building of this specific criminal offense, as well as the way it is engaged in judicial accusations and defenses. Finally, I have identified how cases of women accused of the death of their own newborns are presented to and decided by the Criminal Justice System. The research concludes that there is a great discrepancy in the way the cases are interpreted and decided, despite the notorious resemblance between them, for the morality of the processual characters has a relevant impact on the unfolding of the process. The woman accused of killing her own newborn is considered more or less cruel depending on the lenses by which the case is regarded, as the expectations of what is a healthy motherhood are the judgement parameters.

If, as author Toni Morrison believes, we tell stories about what we find most terrifying, then our cultural narratives suggest an overwhelming preoccupation with the murderous mother ??? the monster in our minds. This dissertation examines some of the most powerful and enduring stories told about the murderous mother and considers how these stories are shaped by the unconscious fears and fantasies that dominate the cultural psyche. Revolving around the idea of infanticide as an ???imaginary??? crime, this dissertation uncovers the psychoanalytic foundations of the obsessive telling and consumption of stories of maternal child-murder in Western culture and contends that infanticide narratives can be read as symptoms of psychocultural dis(-)ease. Underlying all stories about the murderous mother is an unconscious fear of infanticide and fantasy of maternal destructiveness that is repressed in the individual psyche. These fears and fantasies are expressed in our cultural narratives. Chapter 1 examines fairytales as the literary form that most clearly elaborates individual fears and psychic conflict and locates the phantasmic murderous mother within psychoanalytic narratives of individuation. Chapter 2 shows how individual fears and fantasies of maternal monstrosity are transferred to society and revealed in the myths through which our culture is transmitted. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the particular neuroses of ancient Greek society and early modern culture and consider stories of the murderous mother that most powerfully reflect anxieties of maternal origin and fantasies of maternal power. Chapters 5 and 6 shift to a contemporary setting and consider stories that reveal, in differing ways, how the murderous mother haunts the cultural psyche. Examining a variety of texts and drawing material from a spectrum of disciplines, including law, literature, criminology, theology, philosophy, and medicine, this dissertation concludes that it is only by exposing the underpinnings of our cultural stories about the murderous mother that we can hope to break free from the unconscious attitudes that imprison us. Emerging from this study is an original and important theoretical framework concerning conceptualisations of infanticide, the ways in which we imagine maternal child-murder and the limits of that imagination, and how we might escape the murderous maternal monster buried deep in the labyrinths of the mind.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed October 20, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print format.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Kathline M. Erndl, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Religion. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis examines child death data in an effort to assist in prevention and intervention, as well as, to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis to improve and enhance policy development around child deaths due to abuse and neglect in florida. The data reviewed consisted of aggregate data for all incidents of child deaths (N = 266) in Florida where the primary caregiver was the alleged perpetrator of a child fatality for children under age 18. All data examined were recorded and stored in the Department of Children and Families' Child Safety Assessment database between 1998 and 2000. According to national and state data on maltreatment deaths, the number of physical abuse deaths are slightly higher than fatalities categorized as due to neglect (51% and 43%, respectively), and the remaining 6% are attributed to both abuse and neglect. The data suggest that mothers account for the greatest percentage of child deaths due to neglect, while fathers and other male careg ivers are responsible for the greatest percentage of child fatalities due to physical abuse. There was no significant difference between child fatalities committed by biological fathers as opposed to other male caregivers, which suggests that policies around caregiver relationship has had limited impact on child safety. Describing and defining different kinds of maltreatment requires that attention be paid to historical and cultural environments. Policies for preventing or reducing child deaths requires understanding of risk factors and protective factors at the level of the individual, the family, the community, and the society. Whereas men and women differ in types of maltreatment they are likely to commit, the difference in rate of child fatalities committed by biological fathers as opposed to other male caregivers is insignificant. These findings suggest that policies that focus on caregiver relationship have limited impact on child safety. Anthropological holistic insight on the d omains and factors that contribute to the increase in child deaths due to maltreatment may help to develop new policy initiatives. Until research advances our knowledge and that knowledge is used to set policies, and those polices properly implemented, children will continue to fall victim to maltreatment fatalities.