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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Does Respiratory Viral Testing in Adult Hospitalized Patients Impact Hospital Resource Utilization and Improve Patient Outcomes?

Mulpuru, Sunita 04 June 2014 (has links)
Respiratory viral testing in hospitalized patients is thought to improve quality of care by reducing the use of diagnostic tests, guiding infection control precautions, and rationalizing antimicrobial therapies. Few small published studies have tested these assumptions, and have demonstrated conflicting results. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 24,567 hospitalizations using administrative data to determine the associations between viral testing, patient outcomes, and process of care. Viral testing was not associated with improved mortality or length of stay in hospital, and resulted in more resource utilization. The test result did not influence the duration of isolation precautions. This implies that health care providers may not use the results of testing in making management decisions, or in guiding the use of isolation precautions. This study provides the foundation for further scientific evaluation and reform of our current respiratory infection control policy.
22

Comparison Test for Infection Control Barriers for Construction in Healthcare

Bassett, Aimee 03 October 2013 (has links)
Understanding the extent of infection control measures to be taken to protect immunosuppressed and other types of patients from airborne infection agents during construction is crucial knowledge for both healthcare and construction professionals. The number of aspergillosis-related fatalities due to dust transmission during construction activity has decreased with the improvement of antifungal therapy, however the illness is particularly debilitating and the treatment is not always successful. This experimental work is the first stage in a research program to develop better dust controls for construction at existing medical facilities to reduce the incidence of dust borne fungi, such as Aspergillus spp. To better protect at-risk patients from exposure to Aspergillus spp. and other airborne fungal infections, an experiment was conducted to determine what materials can be used to create a barrier for infection control to moderate particle transmission from the construction area to the treatment area. This study investigated the relationship between construction barriers and particle transmission. A new experimental procedure and equipment simulates the transmission of disturbed dust from construction activity across a barrier. The effective of the barrier is determined from measured particle count on filter. The results show that an effective barrier manufactured from simple and readily available building supplies stops the transmission of 12-micron dust particles under a standard set of conditions. The test provides a simple and cost effective method to compare transmission rates for dust.
23

Development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument : neonatal infection control and compliance index to measure infection control compliance in the neonatal intensive care unit environment : a dissertation /

Bennett-Baird, Penny. January 2006 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.).--University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
24

Avaliação da eficiência de corte de fresas Carbide em função dos métodos de esterilização físicos e químico. Análise gravimétrica /

Fais, Laiza Maria Grassi. January 2007 (has links)
Resumo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de métodos de esterilização físicos e químico sobre a eficiência de corte de fresas carbide. Sessenta fresas da marca S.S. White foram utilizadas para o desgaste de vidro (30 mm X 30 mm X 10 mm) e divididas em cinco grupos experimentais em função do tratamento realizado: E1 - esterilização em autoclave, E2 - esterilização em estufa, E3 - esterilização em forno de microondas, E4 - esterilização em substância química e E0 - ausência de esterilização (controle). Com o auxílio de um aparelho padronizador de desgaste, as fresas foram utilizadas para o desgaste do vidro em um total de 30 minutos divididos em doze períodos de 2,5 minutos. Após cada 2,5 minutos de uso, as fresas foram limpas com escova de nylon sob água corrente e secas com jatos de ar e, em seguida, submetidas as seus respectivos tratamentos. A eficiência de corte das fresas foi determinada pela perda de massa do vidro, que teve sua massa aferida antes e após cada período de desgaste. A soma ( ? ) da quantidade de desgaste realizado por cada fresa após os 12 ciclos de uso foi calculada e utilizada para se determinar a eficiência de corte após 30 minutos de uso. Os valores da ? foram submetidos à análise estatística pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Dunn. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos experimentais foram verificadas (p<0,05). De acordo com os resultados, entre os métodos de esterilização avaliados, o uso o calor seco foi responsável pelo melhor desempenho das fresas, ao contrário da utilização de glutaraldeído, que foi considerado o pior método de esterilização. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical sterilization methods on the cutting effectiveness of carbide burs. Sixty S.S. White burs were used to cut glass plates (30 mm X 30 mm X 10 mm) and subjected to the following procedures: S1 - sterilization by autoclave; S2 - sterilization by dry heat; S3 - sterilization by microwave irradiation; S4 - sterilization by chemical substance and S0 - no sterilization (control group). The burs were used to cut glass plates in a cutting machine for twelve 2.5-minute periods. After each period, the burs were cleaned with a nylon brush under running water, dried with air spray (40 seconds), and then subjected to their procedures respectively. The cutting effectiveness was calculated by the weight loss of the glass which was weighed before and after each 2.5-minute period. The sum ( ? ) of the cutting amount performed by each bur after twelve cycles of use were calculated and used to determine the cutting effectiveness after 30 minutes of use. The ? values were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallisþs and Dunnþs tests. Statistical differences among the experimental groups were observed (p <.05). According to the results, among the sterilization methods, the use of dry heat was responsible for the best carbide burs performance and, the use of glutaraldehyde was responsible for the worst burs performance. / Orientador: Gelson Luis Adabo / Coorientador: Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli / Banca: Regina Helena Barbosa Tavares da Silva / Banca: Daniela Atili Brandini / Mestre
25

Does Respiratory Viral Testing in Adult Hospitalized Patients Impact Hospital Resource Utilization and Improve Patient Outcomes?

Mulpuru, Sunita January 2014 (has links)
Respiratory viral testing in hospitalized patients is thought to improve quality of care by reducing the use of diagnostic tests, guiding infection control precautions, and rationalizing antimicrobial therapies. Few small published studies have tested these assumptions, and have demonstrated conflicting results. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 24,567 hospitalizations using administrative data to determine the associations between viral testing, patient outcomes, and process of care. Viral testing was not associated with improved mortality or length of stay in hospital, and resulted in more resource utilization. The test result did not influence the duration of isolation precautions. This implies that health care providers may not use the results of testing in making management decisions, or in guiding the use of isolation precautions. This study provides the foundation for further scientific evaluation and reform of our current respiratory infection control policy.
26

Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento de avaliação das práticas de controle de infecção em Radiologia Odontológica / Development and validation of an assessment tool to evalute the practice of an infection control in Dental Radiology

Costa, Eliana Dantas da, 1980- 02 February 2015 (has links)
Orientadores: Glaucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Camila Pinelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_ElianaDantasda_M.pdf: 3129735 bytes, checksum: dc57001b021783932e8881c4c94b29ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A equipe odontológica deve seguir as precauções padrão e utilizar protocolos de controle de infecção para evitar a contaminação cruzada e transmissão de doenças. Na Radiologia Odontológica, o risco para contaminação ocorre principalmente durante a realização dos exames radiográficos intrabucais, pelo contato com saliva e/ou sangue, quando o receptor de imagem é retirado da boca do paciente, ou quando o profissional manipula o equipamento de raios X com as mãos/luvas contaminadas. Assim, a adesão ao controle de infecção em Radiologia é um componente que merece atenção, podendo ser mensurado por meio da aplicação de questionários específicos. Considerando-se a escassez de instrumentos para essa finalidade, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um questionário para medir as práticas de controle de infecção em Radiologia Odontológica. O questionário foi desenvolvido após extensa revisão de literatura sobre os trabalhos publicados e consulta aos protocolos de biossegurança disponíveis em agências de saúde nacionais e internacionais. A versão inicial do questionário foi composta por 17 questões de múltipla escolha, relacionadas à higiene das mãos, à utilização de barreiras protetoras de superfícies, e ao tipo de desinfetante utilizado para limpeza/desinfecção. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste-reteste, estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC) para as variáveis ordinais e kappa para as dicotômicas. A consistência interna foi verificada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Um total de 115 estudantes de Odontologia de 3º a 5º ano de graduação, de duas faculdades públicas e de uma faculdade particular do Estado de São Paulo participaram da fase do teste-reteste. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por dois comitês de especialistas; o primeiro comitê revisou o conteúdo do questionário, verificando o seu conteúdo e abrangência; o segundo comitê verificou a relevância de cada item do questionário. A validade de constructo foi verificada por meio da análise fatorial e teste de Kruskal-Wallis (para comparação entre os grupos conhecidos), comparando-se a resposta de 641 acadêmicos de Odontologia de 2 faculdades públicas e 4 faculdades particulares do Estado de São Paulo, 20 alunos de doutorado e 15 professores de Radiologia Odontológica. Os resultados indicaram confiabilidade (teste-reteste) satisfatória a excelente (1,000?ICC?0,722); boa a ótima (0,662?kappa?0,913) e ótima consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach =0,88). A etapa de análise do conteúdo pelo comitê de especialistas e análise fatorial resultaram na redução de alguns itens do questionário, que foi aprovado pela equipe de desenvolvimento do questionário. Assim, a versão final do questionário foi composta por 15 questões e 7 domínios. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) foram observadas entre os estudantes de graduação, doutorandos e professores, para a maioria das respostas, indicando o poder discriminatório do questionário. Concluiu-se que o novo questionário mostrou boas propriedades psicométricas e pode ser uma ferramenta importante para medir a adesão aos protocolos de controle de infecção por profissionais de Odontologia / Abstract: The dental team should follow standard precautions for infection control in order to prevent cross-contamination and disease transmission. In Dental Radiology, the risk of contamination occurs primarily during intraoral radiographs by contacting saliva and/or blood, as well as during removing of image receptor from the patient's mouth, or when the practitioner manipulates the X-ray equipment with contaminated hands/gloves. Thus, adherence to infection control in Dental Radiology is an important component deserves attention and can be measured by using specific questionnaires. Considering the scarcity of instruments for this purpose, this study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate infection control practices in Dental Radiology. The questionnaire was developed after extensive literature review on published papers and on the biosafety protocols available in national and international health agencies. The initial version of the questionnaire consisted of 17 multiple-choice questions related to hands hygiene, surface barrier protection, and cleaning/disinfection. Reliability was assessed by test-retest, using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for ordinal variables and kappa for dichotomous ones. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A total of 115 dental students in third to fifth years from two public and one private dental schools, in the state of São Paulo, participated in the test- retest reliability. The content validity was performed by two expert committees; the first one reviewed the content and coverage of the questionnaire; the second one determined the relevance of each item of the questionnaire. Construct validity was determined by the factor analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test (for comparison between known groups), comparing the responses of 641 students from two public and four private dental schools, 20 PhD students and 15 teachers of Dental Radiology. Results indicated (test-retest) satisfactory to excellent reliability (1.000?ICC?0.722); good to great (0.662?kappa?0.913) reliability, and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). The content analysis performed by the expert committee and the factor analysis indicated the exclusion of some items, which was approved by the questionnaire development team. Thus, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 15 questions and 7 domains. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among students, doctoral students and teachers, for most of the responses, indicating the discriminatory power of the questionnaire. It was concluded that the new questionnaire showed good psychometric properties, and can be an important tool for measuring adherence to infection control protocols by dental professionals / Mestrado / Radiologia Odontologica / Mestra em Radiologia Odontológica
27

PREDICTORS OF INFECTION CONTROL ADHERENCE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Masterson, Tracy Loye 21 November 2007 (has links)
No description available.
28

Occupational Exposure Assessment of Home Healthcare Workers: Development, Content Validity, and Piloting the Use of an Observation Tool

Bien, Elizabeth A. 27 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
29

Políticas públicas para prevenção e controle de IRAS: concepção de um modelo explicativo para sua estruturação / Public Policies for Prevention and Control of HAI: Design of an explanatory model for its composition

Nogueira Junior, Cassimiro 09 March 2018 (has links)
Introdução: As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) constituem um problema de interesse global por seu impacto para a segurança dos cuidados em saúde. Consequentemente, demandam a implantação de políticas públicas eficazes para sua prevenção e controle. Uma manifestação concreta das políticas públicas é o estabelecimento e manutenção de programas nacionais específicos para a prevenção e controle de IRAS. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar a implantação dos programas nacionais de prevenção e controle de IRAS no Brasil, Chile e Israel. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo e exploratório que utilizou o modelo do triângulo de análise de políticas de saúde para comparar o contexto, o processo, o conteúdo e os atores destes programas governamentais. Os dados foram coletados entre 2014 e 2017 em três fases: Fase I acesso às páginas eletrônicas dos programas nos países selecionados; Fase II visita à sede do programa nacional e Fase III - construção do modelo teórico explicativo. Resultados: Elementos comuns entre os três países foram identificados permitindo a proposição de um modelo teórico explicativo constituído de dois núcleos: núcleo de formação - composto por três componentes estratégicos (gerador de necessidade, formador de alternativas e promotor do interesse social); e núcleo de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade dos programas composto por outros quatro componentes estratégicos (gerador de decisão, gerador de sustentação, gerador de renovação e patrocinadores do processo). Conclusão: O modelo proposto contribui na compreensão dos fatores que podem influenciar o progresso de um programa nacional de IRAS, fornecendo reflexões sobre elementos para o estabelecimento de programas em países nos quais ainda estão incipientes. / Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global concern due to the impact on healthcare safety. Consequently, they demand the implementation of effective public policies for their prevention and control. A concrete manifestation of public policies is the establishment and maintenance of specific national programs for the prevention and control of IRAS. Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the implementation of national programs for the prevention and control of HAIs in Brazil, Chile, and Israel. Methods: It is a descriptive and exploratory case study that used the triangle of health policy analysis to compare the context, the process, the content and the actors of these government programs. Data were collected between 2014 and 2017 in three phases: Phase I - access to the electronic pages of the programs in the selected countries; Phase II - visit to the headquarters of the national program and Phase III - construction of the theoretical explanatory model. Results: The triangle of health policy analysis was used to compare the context, process, and content of national HAI prevention and control programs. Common elements identified among the three countries led to the proposal of an explanatory theoretical model constituted of two nuclei: formation nuclei - composed of three strategic components (necessity generator, alternatives generator and promoter of social interest); and development & sustainability nuclei - composed of four other strategic components (decision generator, sustainability generator, renewal generator and process sponsors). Conclusion: The proposed model contributes to understanding the factors that can influence the progress of a national HAI program, providing insights into the elements for establishing programs in countries where they are still inceptive.
30

Hygiejnesygeplejerskers udfordringer med de infektionshygiejniske retningslinjer i forhold til forebyggelse af smitte med antibiotikaresistente bakterier / Infections control nurses’ views on challenges regarding infection control guidelines and preventing infections caused by multi-drug resistant microorganismsin Denmark

Holch Skalkam, Grete January 2014 (has links)
Formål:Formålet med studiet var at få en forståelse af hvordan hygiejnesygeplejersker i Danmark oplever, at de nationale infektionshygiejniske retningslinjer er anvendelige og relevante i arbejdet med at forebygge smitte med antibiotikaresistente bakterier. Desuden var der en forventning om, at studiet kunne belyse om der var behov for eller ønske om at optimere eller revurdere det infektionshygiejniske fokus på forebyggelse af smitte med antibiotikaresistente bakterier i forhold til de generelle og supplerende infektionshygiejniske retningslinjer. Metode: Studiet var et kvalitativ studie, hvor det empiriske materiale blev indsamlet i fem fokusgruppeinterviews med i alt 24 danske hygiejnesygeplejersker Til analysen blev der anvendt systematisk tekstkondensering. Den teoretiske og begrebsmæssige ramme omfattede Antonovsky`s teori om Salutogenese, Kommunikation, og Health literacy. Resultater: Hygiejnesygeplejerskerne fandt varierende støtte i retningslinjerne, som de opfattede som deres teoretiske fundament og som den ramme, de arbejdede ud fra. Deoplevededesuden en stor udfordring i at få de nationale retningslinjer gjort anvendelige i praksis. Dele af sundheds-personalet havde ikke de fornødne forudsætninger for at kunne læse og forståden skrevne tekst, bl.a. fordi demanglede grundlæggende viden om hygiejne. Der var derfor enighed om at retningslinjerne ikke kunne stå alene, men skulle oversættes og suppleres med tilstedeværelse i praksis. Kendskabet og tilgængeligheden til retningslinjerne varierede hos sundhedspersonalet ogdettevar,sammenholdt med hospitalernes indretning og økonomiske prioritering,med til at gøre retningslinjernes anvendelighed i praksis problematisk. Samtidig udtrykte hygiejnesygeplejerskerne manglende tillid til udviklingen afretningslinjerne og opfordrede til nytænkning, specielt mindre fokus på de supplerende og øget fokuspå de generelle retningslinjer. Konklusion: Der er behov for at revurderefokus for forebyggelse af smitte med antibiotikaresistente bakterier. Desuden bør man fra national side initiere et samarbejde som kan optimere indhold, kommunikation og layout af de infektionshygiejniske retningslinjer for derigennem at gøre dem mere forståelige, anvendelige og relevante i arbejdet med at forebygge smitte med antibiotika-resistente bakterier. / Objectives:This study aimed to understandwhetherinfection control nurses in Denmark considerthe national guidelines on infection control asuseful and relevant regarding multi-drug resistant microorganisms. We also aimedto identify potential needs and wishes to optimizeor reconsider the general and supplementary guidelines on infection controlas applied to preventing multi-drug resistant microorganisms. Methods: This qualitative study collected data from 24 Danish infection control nursesin 5 focus group discussions. Data was analyzedusing systematic text condensation. The theoretical and conceptual frame included Antonovsky’s theory of salutogenesis, communication, and health literacy. Results: Participants experienced varying levels of support from the guidelines,but mainly perceived them as a theoretical foundation and framework. They saw a great challenge in making the guidelines understandable in practice. Due to language difficulties and lake of helth literacy, some health care professionals lacked elementary knowledge of hygiene because they were unable to read and understand the text. Accordingly, the guidelines required translation and follow up in practice. The health care professionals’ knowledge and ability to access the guidelines also varied. Combined these challenges with hospitals’ arrangements and economic priorities,the guidelines’practicability was problematic. Furthermore, participants distrusted the guidelines’development processand called a new perspective that focuses less focus on making more supplementary guidelines and instead focus more on the general guidelines. Conclusions: Denmark should reconsider its level of focus on preventing multi-drug resistant microorganisms. A national collaboration could optimizethe contents, layout, and communication of the guidelines to make them understandable, useful,and relevant in preventing infections caused by multi-drug resistant microorganisms / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-84-3</p>

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