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Impacts of Aging and Inflammation on <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> ControlCanan, Cynthia Hsin-Tzu January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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COUNTERREGULATORY EFFECTS OF PTX3 ON INFLAMMATION AND CELLULAR AGINGSlusher, Aaron L. 01 January 2018 (has links)
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a vital regulator of innate immune function that has been shown to counterregulate pro-inflammatory signaling and protect against the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about how PTX3 may mitigate against CVD risk by regulating the pro-inflammatory response at the cellular level. Therefore, this dissertation details four manuscripts which aimed to examine the capacity of PTX3 to regulate the innate immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy adults. Manuscript 1 examined the capacity of PTX3 to alter the inflammatory milieu following in vitro stimulation of isolated PBMCs with the pro-inflammatory lipid palmitate. In addition, Manuscript 2 sought to examine how participation in acute exercise, a powerful anti-inflammatory behavior that reduces CVD risk, alters the inflammatory phenotype and response of mononuclear cells following ex vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Manuscript 3 aimed to further elucidate the potential impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the capacity of PTX3 to stimulate an innate immune response prior to and immediately following acute exercise in aerobically trained and untrained individuals. Finally, Manuscript 4 investigated the impact of healthy aging on plasma PTX3 concentrations and its relationship with telomere length in middle-aged compared to young adults. The capacity of isolated PBMCs to express a key cellular mechanism involved in maintaining longer telomere lengths, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), following cellular stimulation with LPS, PTX3, and PTX3+LPS was also examined to address a mechanism that might explain how persistent exposure of circulating immune cells to the age-related pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to the shortening of telomere lengths.
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The Effect of Exercise Training and/or Diet-Induced Weight Loss Intervention on TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE) in Older AdultsChalke, Arushi Milind 20 July 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Impact of clinical factors on inflammaging and Toll-like receptors responses in old ageCompte, Nathalie 17 December 2014 (has links)
Le vieillissement s’accompagne d’une altération globale des fonctions physiologiques notamment celles de l’immunité :on parle « d’immunosénescence ». Ce processus se traduit entre autre par l’installation d’un état inflammatoire chronique caractérisé par une augmentation des taux sériques de cytokines telles que l’interleukine(IL)-6 et des protéines de la phase aigüe. Cet état proinflammatoire serait incriminé dans le déclin des fonctions physiologiques, la fragilité et les syndromes gériatriques. Par ailleurs, les maladies cardiovasculaires, la dépression et l’infection chronique par le Cytomégalovirus (CMV) sont également associés à un état inflammatoire chronique. La prévalence de ces comorbidités étant importante chez les patients gériatriques, ces maladies pourraient donc contribuer à l’association observée entre marqueurs de l’inflammation et les syndromes gériatriques.<p>Les infections représentent un problème majeur en gériatrie. Les cellules du système immunitaire inné jouent un rôle important dans les défenses contre les agents pathogènes. La reconnaissance de ceux-ci par les cellules dendritiques, les macrophages ou les monocytes fait intervenir une série de molécules telles que les récepteurs de la famille Toll (TLR). Certains travaux suggèrent que la fonction des cellules de l’immunité innée pourrait être perturbée chez les individus âgés mais ces données restent controversées.<p>Dans ce travail, nous souhaitons aborder les hypothèses suivantes :<p>•\ / Doctorat en Sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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The role of monocytes, macrophages and the microbiota in age-associated inflammation during the steady state and anti-bacterial immunityPuchta, Alicja 19 November 2014 (has links)
Inflammaging is a hallmark of human aging. Defined as low-grade, chronic inflammation, it is characterized by heightened proinflammatory cytokines in the blood and tissues and predicts morbidity and mortality. Despite this, the etiology of inflammaging and its role in infection have remained elusive, an issue this thesis addressed. First, we provided a comprehensive overview of an intranasal Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization model (Chapter 2). We described in detail the colonization technique, and demonstrated how to isolate and phenotype recruited cells, quantify bacterial load and measure production of immune mediators in the nasopharynx. Since both myeloid cell recruitment and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production were increased following S. pneumoniae colonization with age, we investigated whether TNF directly augmented monocyte frequency (Chapter 3). TNF increased CCR2 expression on monocytes in old mice, leading to their enhanced egress from the bone marrow, resulting in enrichment of this population in the circulation. Monocyte numbers directly influenced plasma IL-6 levels, and this negatively impacted anti-bacterial responses, as monocyte blockade improved pneumococcal clearance in old mice. Lastly, to better understand the fundamental source of inflammaging, we studied the impact of the host microbiome on its development. This work was rooted in Elie Metchnikoff’s early predictions that leakage of intestinal bacterial products could dysregulate macrophage function, resulting in inflammation that would progress aging (Chapter 4). We showed that old mice had increased intestinal permeability, aberrant expression of cellular junction genes and increased microbial translocation from the gut to the blood. Germ-free mice lived longer than their conventionally colonized counterparts, and were protected from the development of inflammaging and defective macrophage function. Together, these studies resolve a major disparity in the field by demonstrating that systemic TNF production is initiated by increased levels of circulating bacterial products, driving functional defects in myeloid cells, which ultimately impairs anti-bacterial immunity. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy
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Implication de NF-κB et BMI1 dans la production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans un modèle de neurodégénérescenceMoursli, Asmae 03 1900 (has links)
Les maladies neurodégénératives regroupent un ensemble de neuropathologies qui se caractérisent par le dysfonctionnement progressif des neurones et leur perte irréversible au niveau du système nerveux central. Parmi ces maladies figure la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) qui est une des conditions neurodégénératives la plus fréquente. Bien qu’aucune étiologie n’ait encore été identifiée, le vieillissement est par conséquent le principal facteur de risque de la MA. Grâce aux recherches réalisées sur le vieillissement, des caractéristiques de changements cellulaires et biochimiques, comme la sénescence cellulaire et l’inflammaging, ont été associées à ce phénomène. La sénescence cellulaire qui se définit par un état d’arrêt du cycle cellulaire pourrait aggraver une maladie neurodégénérative, entre autres par le biais de phénotypes sécrétoires associés à la sénescence. L’implication du proto-oncogène BMI1 dans la régulation du cycle cellulaire et la sénescence a été démontrée à travers son inhibition du locus INK4/ARF. De plus, une déficience en BMI1 a été rapportée dans des neurones de certains patients avec la MA, et elle est également associée à une neurodégénérescence précoce. Le complexe NF-κB participe à l’expression d’un large éventail de gènes de cytokines pro-inflammatoires impliquées dans les processus de l’inflammaging et de la sénescence cellulaire. Cependant, l’implication conjointe de BMI1 et de NF-κB dans les processus de neurodégénérescence demeure peu connue. Compte tenu de ce contexte, dans le cadre de ce projet de maitrise, nous avons voulu explorer l’implication conjointe des molécules BMI1 et de la voie canonique du facteur NF-κB dans la production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires en utilisant des modèles in vivo et in vitro reproduisant un phénotype de neurodégénérescence similaire à la maladie d’Alzheimer. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une déficience en BMI1 est corrélée à une inactivation du facteur NF-κB aussi bien dans des neurones in vitro qu’in vivo ainsi qu’a une baisse de l’expression des cytokines IL6 et IL8. Bien que nous présentions des résultats générés à partir d’expériences non dupliquées, ils convergent tout de même vers des conclusions similaires à celles obtenues au niveau de pathologies cancéreuses. Ainsi notre projet apporte une information additionnelle qui pourrait servir à la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents au phénomène de l’inflammaging dans la neurodégénérescence. / Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of neuropathologies characterized by the progressive dysfunction of neurons and their death in the central nervous system. Among these diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common one. Although no aetiology has yet been identified, aging is therefore the main risk factor for AD. Thanks to several research work on aging, cellular characteristics and biochemical changes, such as senescence and inflammaging, have been associated with this phenomenon. Senescence, which is defined as a state of cell cycle arrest, could worsen neurodegenerative diseases throughout senescence associated secretory phenotypes. The involvement of the proto-oncogene BMI1 in cell cycle regulation and senescence has been demonstrated through its inhibition of the INK4/ARF locus. Additionally, BMI1 deficiency has been reported in neurons of AD patients, and it is also associated with early neurodegeneration. The NF-κB complex participates in the expression of a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the processes of inflammaging and cellular senescence. However, little is known about the joint involvement of BMI1 and NF-κB molecules in neurodegeneration processes. Given this context, within the framework of this master's project, we wanted to explore the combined implication of BMI1 and the canonical pathway of the NF-κB factor in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines using in vivo and in vitro models reproducing a neurodegenerative phenotype similar to Alzheimer's disease. Our results indicate that a deficiency in BMI1 is correlated to an inactivation of the NF-κB expression both in vitro and in vivo neurones, as well as with a decrease in the expression of cytokines IL6 and IL8. Although we present results generated from unduplicated experiments, they nonetheless converge towards similar conclusions obtained in studies carried out on cancerous pathologies. Thus, our project provides additional information that could help to understand the mechanisms underlying the inflammaging phenomena in neurodegeneration.
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