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Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-28T20:51:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carolina_mata_machado_barbosa_chaves.pdf: 869125 bytes, checksum: f3a73edd9fc230fa83bcba82ad63bf37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-09T20:12:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carolina_mata_machado_barbosa_chaves.pdf: 869125 bytes, checksum: f3a73edd9fc230fa83bcba82ad63bf37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T20:12:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carolina_mata_machado_barbosa_chaves.pdf: 869125 bytes, checksum: f3a73edd9fc230fa83bcba82ad63bf37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O enxofre (S) ? um nutriente essencial para crescimento e metabolismo das plantas, e sua defici?ncia pode limitar a produtividade de muitas culturas. A adapta??o de t?cnicas espec?ficas de an?lise espectral para a determina??o do estresse nutricional causado por este nutriente pode permitir a detec??o precoce da sua defici?ncia e suplementa??o de precis?o na aduba??o corretiva das plantas. Esse experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar se a reflect?ncia foliar obtida atrav?s do mini espectr?metro pode ser utilizada para detectar a defici?ncia de S em mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla. Durante 90 dias as mudas foram cultivadas em solu??o nutritiva de Clark modificada completa (sem omiss?o de S) e com omiss?o de S. Os sintomas visuais de defici?ncia de S foram observados e fotografados semanalmente. A cada 15 dias foram avaliados altura e di?metro das plantas e leituras nas folhas diagn?sticos, com o mini espectr?metro. Ao final de cada avalia??o, amostras de folhas diagn?sticos foram preparadas e submetidas ?s an?lises qu?micas do material vegetal dos teores de nutrientes, posteriormente as mudas foram separadas em ra?zes, caule e folhas para obten??o da massa seca total e dos seus componentes. Ap?s calcular a primeira derivada das reflect?ncias obtidas nas leituras com o mini espectr?metro, obteve-se a posi??o dos pontos de inflex?o. Foi realizado ainda um estudo de regress?o linear m?ltipla entre os teores de nutrientes das folhas diagn?sticos como vari?veis dependentes, e a produ??o de massa seca da parte a?rea e valores obtidos para o IPP como vari?veis independentes. A defici?ncia de S causou altera??es nas propriedades morfol?gicas e fisiol?gicas das plantas de Eucalyptus, o que refletiu nas mudan?as das propriedades espectrais foliares da esp?cie em quest?o. Os sintomas visuais de defici?ncia de S iniciaram-se aos 28 dias ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos (DAT), intensificando-se ao longo do experimento. Foi observado clorose nas folhas novas, caule mais delgado e redu??o no crescimento das mudas quando comparados ao tratamento completo. A an?lise nutricional detectou redu??o nas concentra??es de S foliar e defici?ncia do nutriente nas plantas aos 45 DAT. Contudo, somente aos 75 dias a defici?ncia de S alterou a reflect?ncia das mudas com omiss?o de S, deslocando o ponto de inflex?o para comprimentos de ondas mais curtos (? 700 ?m), ou seja, quando o aparelho (mini espectr?metro) conseguiu detectar defici?ncia nutricional de S nas plantas de Eucalyptus. A defici?ncia de S tamb?m reduziu a altura, di?metro e produ??o de massa seca total e dos seus componentes aos 75 DAT. A posi??o do ponto de inflex?o e a massa seca da parte a?rea apresentaram alta correla??o com a concentra??o de S foliar. As an?lises de regress?o linear m?ltipla e de correla??o simples indicaram que os valores de reflect?ncia foliar estimados pelo mini espectr?metro e pela massa seca da parte a?rea estavam estreitamente correlacionados com as concentra??es de S nas folhas das mudas de Eucalyptus (r2=0,99). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a reflect?ncia espectral demonstra alto potencial como ferramenta diagn?stico para estimar a concentra??o de S foliar em Eucalyptus por meio do mini espectr?metro. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and metabolism, its deficiency can limit the productivity of many crops. The adaptation of specific remote sensing and spectral analysis techniques for the determination of nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precise supplementation for corrective fertilization. This experiment was conducted with the objective of determining if the leaf reflectance obtained through the mini spectrometer can be used to detect S deficiency in Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings. During 90 days the seedlings were grown in complete nutrient solution of Clark (without omission of S) and with omission of S. The visual symptoms of S deficiency were observed and photographed weekly. Every 15 days, plants height and diameter were evaluated, and readings on the diagnostic leaf were taken with the mini spectrometer. At the end of each evaluation the samples of the diagnostic leaves were prepared and submitted to the chemical analyzes of nutrient contents of the plant material, later the seedlings were separated into roots, stem and leaves to obtain the mass of total dry matter and its components. After calculating the first derivative of the reflectances obtained in the readings with the mini-spectrometer, the position of the inflection points was obtained. A multiple linear regression study was carried out between the nutrient contents of the diagnostic leaves as dependent variables and the shoot dry matter yield and values obtained for the position of the inflection points as independent variables. Sulfur deficiency caused changes in the morphological and physiological properties of Eucalyptus plants, which reflected changes in the leaf spectral properties of the species. The visual symptoms of S deficiency began at 28 days after application of the treatments, intensifying throughout the experiment. It was observed chlorosis in the new leaves, slender stem and reduction in the growth of the seedlings when compared to the complete treatment. Nutritional analysis detected a reduction in the foliar S concentrations and nutrient deficiency in plants at 45 days after application of the treatments. However, only at 75 days S deficiency altered the reflectance of the seedlings under S omission, shifting the inflection point to shorter wavelengths (? 700 ?m),that is, when the device (mini spectrometer) was able to detect nutritional deficiency of S in Eucalyptus plants. Sulfur deficiency also reduced the height, diameter and yield of total dry mass and its components at 75 days after application of the treatments. The position of the inflection point and the shoot dry mass presented a high correlation with the concentration of leaf sulfur. Multiple linear regression and simple correlation analyzes indicated that leaf reflectance values estimated by the mini spectrometer and through MSPA were closely correlated with the concentrations of S in the leaves of the Eucalyptus seedlings (r2 = 0.99).The results obtained suggest that the spectral reflectance demonstrates high potential as a diagnostic tool to estimate the leaf sulfur concentration in Eucalyptus using the mini-spectrometer.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_ea_me_mar.pdf: 773861 bytes, checksum: f2705ed0ecb30d43acda5a1244386ea3 (MD5) / O projeto de pesquisa tem em Nietzsche seu ponto de referência, e de onde busco fazer um levantamento do que convencionei dizer de ‘teoria do conhecimento’ na filosofia de referido filósofo. Esta ‘teoria do conhecimento’, apesar do filósofo insistir em dizer que não tinha uma filosofia sistemática, pode ser apreendida quando ele busca entender o conhecimento e a filosofia naquele molde apresentado pelos pré-socráticos, onde a razão e a ciência não tinham nenhum respaldo, e o estado de guerra reinante entre os opostos daria o teor de sua constatação – inclusive entre a razão e a paixão. Ademais, é daí, também, que surgirá sua construção filosófica, na qual se tenta resgatar o momento em que as verdades de agora se instituíram. Para o filósofo podemos dizer que este respaldo seria o Logos heraclitiano, isto é, um tipo de conhecimento que lida com o sentido da multiplicidade e da transformação, e sendo, ao mesmo tempo, início e fim das coisas (eterno retorno do mesmo), tal como acontece no fenômeno de nascimento e morte das estrelas no espaço sideral, de um ponto de vista mais moderno. Numa palavra, a possível teoria nietzscheana busca fazer uma inflexão na teoria do conhecimento iniciada nos diálogos de Sócrates e que tem em Platão e, posteriormente, numa outra direção, Aristóteles os eternizadores deste processo racional de conhecimento. / The research project has in Nietzsche its control point, and of where I search to make a survey of what I stipulated to say of `theory of knowledge' in the philosophy of related philosopher. This `theory of knowledge', although the philosopher insists on saying that he did not have a systematic philosophy, can be apprehended when it searchs to understand the knowledge and the philosophy in that mold presented for the daily 'pré-socráticos', where the reason and science did not have no endorsement, and the state of war between the opposites would also give to the text of its certainty – between the reason and the passion. So, is from there, also, that its philosophical genealogy will appear, in which if tries to rescue the moment where the truths of had now been instituted. For the philosopher we can say that this endorsement would be the 'heraclitiano' Logos, that is, a type of knowledge that it deals with the direction of the multiplicity and the transformation, and being, at the same time, beginning and end of the things (perpetual return of the same), as happen in the phenomenon of birth and death of the stars in the sidereal space. In a word, the 'theory nietzschean' search to make an inflection in the theory of the knowledge initiated in the dialogues of Socrates and that it has in Platon and, later, in one another direction, Aristotle the infintly of this rational process of knowledge.

Submitted by GIULIA LEMBO CATERINA null (giucaterina@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-03T21:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giulia_Caterina_tese.pdf: 2061741 bytes, checksum: ba5089a3900a08b417c76904274f934d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T20:50:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 caterina_gl_dr_bot.pdf: 2061741 bytes, checksum: ba5089a3900a08b417c76904274f934d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T20:50:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 caterina_gl_dr_bot.pdf: 2061741 bytes, checksum: ba5089a3900a08b417c76904274f934d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Modelos de crescimento podem servir como ferramenta de planejamento de plantios florestais para o serviço público, produtores e investidores. O presente trabalho utilizou o modelo de crescimento Gompertz para analisar e comparar curvas médias de crescimento em volume de madeira com casca e sem casca por árvore de dois clones distintos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla em diferentes densidades de plantio: 1,5m x 1,5m, 3,0m x 0,75m, 3,0m x 1,0m, e 3,0m x 1,9m. Os dados foram coletados a partir de parcelas permanentes localizadas em plantios da empresa Duratex Florestal LTDA no município de Estrela do Sul - MG em quatro idades: 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses. As análises seguiram duas abordagens. A primeira abordagem foi pela curva de crescimento utilizando o modelo Gompertz, do qual foram ajustadas as curvas médias de crescimento. Os parâmetros estimados de interesse foram a velocidade máxima de crescimento no ponto de inflexão e a abscissa da inflexão. A segunda abordagem foi pela modelagem do máximo volume com e sem casca amostrais através de modelos lineares generalizados. O efeito de clone e espaçamento foi avaliado e as médias dos maiores volumes amostrais foram, também, comparadas entre tratamentos. Os dados observados de volume com e sem casca por árvore permitiram bons ajustes do modelo de Gompertz, com o objetivo de descrever o crescimento destas variáveis ao longo do tempo. Foi possível identificar as fases juvenil, que vai até o ponto de inflexão da curva e de maturidade, que vai do ponto de inflexão até o ponto de máxima tangência nas curvas projetadas para quase todos os tratamentos. Porém, o período de dados coletados não foi o suficiente para se modelar a curva de crescimento por árvore até a senescência da curva, mesmo para os espaçamentos mais adensados. As maiores médias de velocidade máxima de crescimento individual foram encontradas no espaçamento mais amplo, 3,0m x 1,9m, para ambos os clones, assim como as maiores médias dos volumes individuais máximos com e sem casca. O clone c1 apresentou maiores médias dos volumes individuais máximos com e sem casca por árvore observados que o clone c2. A idade do plantio se mostrou essencial na discussão sobre a produtividade de diferentes arranjos de plantio. Portanto, este estudo confirma a importância do uso de curvas de crescimentos em estudos na área florestal. / Growth models can serve as a tool for forest management plans for public service, producers and investors. The present work used the Gompertz growth model to analyze and compare individual volume growth curves of three distinct clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla at different planting densities. Four different spacings densities were evaluated, 3.0m x 0.75m, 1.5m x 1.5m, 3.0m x 1.9m and 3.0m x 1.0m, for each clone at two different sites, São Paulo and Minas Gerais General. The data were collected from permanent plots at four ages: 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. The analyzes followed two approaches. The first approach was to adjust the growth curve using the Gompertz model to the volume data. The estimated parameters of interest, analyzed later, were the maximum velocity of growth at the inflection point and the abscissa of the inflection point. For each estimated parameter, generalized linear models were adjusted to detect the effect of location, clone and spacing. Thus, the adjustment was made for each portion of the treatments and the means of the estimated parameters were compared. The second approach was the modeling of the largest volume observed through generalized linear models. The effect of site, clone and spacing were evaluated and the means of the largest sample volumes were compared between treatments. The observed data of volume with and without bark per tree allowed good adjustments of the Gompertz model, in order to describe the growth of these variables over time. It was possible to identify the juvenile phase, which goes from first years to the point of inflection, and the maturity phase, which goes from the point of inflection to the point of maximum tangency, for almost all treatments. However, the period of data collection was not sufficient to get the curves to the senescence phase, even for the denser spaces. The spacing density 3.0m x 1.9m resulted on the higher averages of maximum individual growth velocity and on the higher mean values of the observed volumes with and without bark. Clone c1 presented higher mean values of the observed volumes with and without bark per tree than clone c2. The stand age was shown to be essential in the discussion of a productivity of different densities arrangements. Therefore, this study confirms the importance of the use of growth curves in studies in forestry.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la flexion des verbes, des noms et des adjectifs du catalan central standard. Elle s’inscrit dans une approche inférentielle et réalisationnelle de la morphologie (cf. Stump 2001) et applique une analyse thématique aux paradigmes examinés (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Trois problématiques de la flexion en catalan sont abordées. La première concerne la tendance à réduire, via des règles phonologiques, l’inventaire du matériel mémorisé dans le lexique. La considération d’un nombre important de données montre que certaines analyses sont basées sur des représentations sous-jacentes qui n’apparaissent pas toujours en surface et que certains processus phonologiques postulés ne sont pas systématiques. La seconde problématique renvoie à la répartition des verbes en classes flexionnelles et à leur distinction en réguliers et irréguliers. L’analyse proposée s’oppose aux travaux antérieurs au sens où la répartition en classes émerge des différentes configurations induites par les formes fléchies elles-mêmes et la régularité d’un lexème est déterminée à partir d’un ensemble de relations implicatives par défaut. La troisième problématique concerne l’expression du genre dans la flexion nominale et adjectivale (y compris dans les formes du participe passé des verbes). Dans ce travail, les séquences finales des nominaux sont dissociées de l’expression du genre. Elles sont considérées comme des éléments du thème et participent à définir, en association avec les variations thématiques non prédictibles, un ensemble de classes flexionnelles qui s’éloigne de celui proposé dans les travaux antérieurs. / The purpose of this Ph.D. is to study verbal, nominal and adjectival inflection in standard central Catalan. It entails an inferential and realizational approach to morphology (cf. Stump 2001) and applies a thematic analysis to the discussed paradigms (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). Three issues of Catalan inflexion are addressed. The first concerns the tendency to reduce, from phonological rules, the material inventory stored in the lexicon. Taking into account a large amount of data demonstrates that some analyses are based on underlying representations that do not always appear at the surface level and that some of the postulated phonological processes are not systematic. The second issue refers to verbs division into inflectional classes and to regular and irregular distinction. The analysis we propose is opposed to previous works in that classes division merges from the different configurations induced by inflectional forms themselves and that regularity is determined from a set of default implicative relations. The third issue concerns gender expression in nominal and adjectival inflection (including in the past participle forms of verbs). In this research work, final nominal sequences are dissociated from gender expression. They are considered as stem elements and contribute to define, in association with unpredictable stem variations, a set of inflectional classes deviating from the one proposed in previous works. / L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és l’estudi de la flexió dels verbs, dels noms i dels adjectius en català central estàndard. Segueix una concepció inferencial i realitzacional de la morfologia (cf. Stump 2001) i aplica una anàlisi temàtica als paradigmes estudiats (cf. Bonami & Boyé 2003). En aquest model, l’expressió de les propietats morfosintàctiques, considerades com l’aplicació d’operacions fonològiques a un lexema, són parcialment independents de les unitats que les realitzen. Aquest treball es focalitza principalment en tres problemàtiques fonamentals de la flexió verbal i nominal del català : (1) la tendència a reduir la informació memoritzada a partir de regles fonològiques, (2) el repartiment dels verbs en classes flexionals i (3) l’expressió del gènere dins la flexió nominal i adjectival. La primera problemàtica concerneix la tendència a reduir, mitjançant regles fonològiques, l’inventari del material fonològic i morfològic que cal memoritzar en català. Aquest tipus d’enfocament implica, en alguns treballs precedents, basar les anàlisis sobre representacions subjacents que mai no aparareixen al nivell superficial i postular processos fonològics que no tenen la regularitat esperada. La segona problemàtica abordada és la relativa al repartiment dels verbs en classes de flexió i a la distinció entre verbs regulars i irregulars. Tradicionalment, els verbs del català estan organitzats en tres classes flexionals, dues de les quals estan subdividides. En les anàlisis que no parteixen d’un criteri ortogràfic, aquesta tripartició es basa en la presència d’elements segmentals dins de les formes flexionals. El punt de desacord es troba principalment en el repartiment en subclasses i la identificació dels verbs irregulars de la classe II, que són diferents segons els autors (cf. Mascaró 1983 ; Viaplana 1986). D’acord amb la perspectiva que adopto, l’organització en classes flexionals sorgeix de les diferents configuracions que emergeixen de les formes flexionals. Un lexema regular correspon a un lexema el paradigma del qual es pot deduir completament a partir d’una forma i un conjunt de relacions implicatives per defecte. Com a conseqüència, el repartiment que proposo s’oposa als que ofereixen les gramàtiques tradicionals i els treballs més recents.La tercera problemàtica discutida en aquesta tesi es refereix a l’expressió del gènere dels noms i dels adjectius, incloses les formes del participi dels verbs. Tradicionalment, algunes seqüències finals dels nominals s’han analitzat com a marques de gènere o bé com a marcadores de classes flexionals. Tanmateix, els criteris definits per identificar-les són problemàtics. A més, les seqüències finals no permeten inferir de manera determinista el gènere o la classe d’un nominal. Segons l’anàlisi proposada en aquesta tesi, aquestes seqüències estan dissociades de l’expressió del gènere. Són elements que formen part del tema i que, juntament amb les variacions temàtiques que no són predictibles, permeten establir un conjunt de classes flexionals que s’allunya dels tractaments oferts en els treballs precedents.

The acceptance-rejection algorithm is often used to sample from non-standard distributions. For this algorithm to be efficient, however, the user has to create a hat function that majorizes and closely matches the density of the distribution to be sampled from. There are many methods for automatically creating such hat functions, but these methods require that the user transforms the density so that she knows the exact location of the transformed density's inflection points. In this paper, we propose an acceptancerejection algorithm which obviates this need and can thus be used to sample from a larger class of distributions. / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development and use of certain grammatical morphemes, i.e., the English inflections for plural, possessive, present progressive and past tense in the speech of educable mentally retarded (EMR) adolescents. The performance on two grammatical tasks of EMR subjects was compared to that of normal control subjects matched by mental age scores. The first task was to produce, verbally, the required inflection for a novel (nonsense) word on a modified version of Berko’s Test of English Morphology (BTEM) (Berko, 1958). Secondly, subjects responded to grammatical contrasts in lexical or real words at levels of imitation, comprehension and production on a modified form of the Imitation, Comprehension and Production Test (ICP) (Fraser, Bellugi and Brown, 1963). The results of this study revealed statistically significant poorer performance in the use of English inflections by EMR adolescents when compared with control subjects of similar mental age, specifically in the use of less common allomorphs for plural, possessive and past tense.

No description available.

This project was an exercise in aligning my intuition, community experience, and design sensitivities under the pretext of an architectural expression. My desire was to work endogenously, or out of my home environment, on a project that had no clear programmatic or formal requirements or limitations. I began by assessing a prevalent issue in my home town (a connection between the river and the town center) both from the top down and the bottom up. Throughout, I sought to challenge my preconceived notions of what might be, and allow a design process to emerge out of the layers of information I had absorbed as a participant in this holistic landscape. Inflection and change became a driving force in this pared down design process, and through them came a working territory that framed the programmatic and formal specificities of the South River P.O.R.T.

In the definite form an adjective in Swedish can end in either -a or -e, with the e-form being used in writing especially with masculine reference together with nouns of the n-gender. For a long time, however, there has been some variation in usage, so that the e-form is sometimes also employed with female reference or together with nouns of t-gender. Widmark shows in a study from 1992 that there is uncertainty among Swedish speakers about how the forms should be used. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which speakers accept different uses in writing of the e-form of the adjective in the definite singular form, and to see whether the sociolinguistic vari­ables age, sex, dialect, education and familiarity with writing are of any significance in this. Another aim is to conduct a comparison with Widmark’s study to see whether there has been any change in usage in the last few decades. The study proceeds from sociolinguistic theory of linguistic variation and changes and uses a quantitative method. In a questionnaire the respondents were asked to judge a number of examples with the e-form of the adjective in different linguistic contexts. The number of respondents was 181; they constitute a convenience sample. To find material for the examples in the questionnaire, a corpus study was undertaken first. The result shows that acceptance of expressions that do not follow the norms of written language is in most cases low. A majority of the respondents think that the e-form should be used primarily with masculine or general reference. Younger respondents are more uncertain about usage, while older respondents follow the written standard to a higher extent. Women take a more negative view of non-standard uses; on the other hand, more men than women are positive towards examples where the e-form is used according to the norm. Dialect is significant in that respondents from parts of Sweden where final ‑a has become ‑e are more willing to accept non-standard uses. Respondents with a university education reply to a higher extent in accordance with the written norm. The result found no difference in usage compared with Widmark’s study.