Building Information Modeling (BIM), used by many for building design and construction, and Geographic Information GIS System (GIS), used for city planning, contain large spatial and attribute data which could be used for Lean and green city planning and development. However, there exist a systematic gap and interoperability challenge between BIM and GIS that creates a disjointed workflow between city planning data in GIS and building data in BIM. This hinders the seamless analysis of data between BIM and GIS for lean and green developments. This study targets the creation of a system which integrates BIM and GIS system data. The methods involve the establishment of a novel Environmental Information Modeling (EIM) framework to bridge the gap using Microsoft Visual C#. The application of this framework shows the potential of this concept. The research results provide an opportunity for more analysis for lean and green construction planning, development and management.

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Standardized information modeling is important for interoperability of CAx systems. Existing information standards such as ISO 10303 STEP have been proposed and developed for decades for this purpose. Comprehensive data structure and various implementation methodologies make such standards strong in support of different industry domains, information types, and technical requirements. However, this fact also leads to increased implementation complexity and workloads for CAx system developers. This licentiate proposes the development architecture, STEP Toolbox, to help users implement standards with a simplified development process and minimal knowledge requirements on standards. Implementation difficulties for individuals are identified with analysis on implementation of the information standards in three aspects: tasks, users, and technology. Then the toolbox is introduced with an illustration of design of behavior and structure. Case studies are performed to validate the toolbox with prototypes. Internal and external observation has shown the around two-month learning process skipped and a great amount of workload reduction in implementation with the utilization of this architecture. / <p>QC 20131025</p>

La presente tesis, tiene el propósito de aplicar una metodología de trabajo colaborativa para la gestión de proyectos de habilitación urbana de la Empresa La Fortaleza, a través de una simulación del producto final y que conforma una base de datos que permiten gestionar los elementos que forman parte de la infraestructura durante todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Esta metodología es BIM (Building Information Modeling) que nos permite mejorar la comprensión y comunicación del proyecto a través de su visualización en 3D, generando, de manera automática, toda la información necesaria para la gestión de obra compartiéndola a todos los involucrados en tiempo real. La habilitación urbana es el proceso de convertir un terreno rústico o eriazo en urbano, donde los predios de una zona urbana debidamente consolidada deben contar con servicios públicos domiciliarios, pistas, veredas e infraestructura vial, redes de agua, desagüe y alcantarillado y alumbrado público, cómo es el proyecto San Antonio de Pachacamac, Etapa 7 – Manchay. Objeto del estudio de la presente tesis. La tesis muestra cuan útil llega a ser el utilizar BIM en la gestión de un proyecto de habilitación urbana durante los procesos de diseño y construcción, identificando de esta manera las interferencias en la etapa de diseño; comparativamente con la metodología tradicional que en la etapa de construcción se identifican las interferencias que ocasionan los reprocesos, que cuantificados representan pérdidas económicas, ampliaciones de plazo, la falta de integración de los involucrados y deficiente gestión colaborativa; afectando de esta manera a la rentabilidad del negocio por la mala calidad constructiva. / This thesis, has the purpose of applying a collaborative work methodology for the management of urban empowerment projects of the Company La Fortaleza, through a simulation of the final product and that forms a database that allows managing the elements that form part of the infrastructure throughout the project life cycle. This methodology is BIM (Building Information Modeling) that allows us to improve the understanding and communication of the project through its 3D visualization, generating, automatically, all the necessary information for the management of work sharing it to all those involved in real time. Urban habilitation is the process of converting a rustic or eriazo land into urban, where the premises of a duly consolidated urban area must have domiciliary public services, tracks, sidewalks and road infrastructure, water networks, sewage and sewage systems and street lighting, how is the San Antonio de Pachacamac project, Stage 7 - Manchay. Object of the study of this thesis. The thesis shows how useful it is to use BIM in the management of an urban habilitation project during the design and construction processes, thus identifying interference in the design stage; comparing with the traditional methodology that in the construction stage identifies the interferences that cause the reprocesses, which quantified represent economic losses, extensions of term, the lack of integration of those involved and poor collaborative management; thus affecting the profitability of the business due to poor construction quality. / Trabajo de investigación

In today's architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, building information modeling (BIM) technologies and practices are making a significant difference in how building projects are delivered. BIM models and tools let stakeholders visualize, simulate, and analyze how a building might behave, perform, or appear - with more precision than ever before. BIM technology and practices are not only improving design and construction processes by delivering projects faster, more cost effectively, and more sustainably, but are also helping BIM professionals by expanding career possibilities within the field. This paper identifies key personnel in AEC industry who are taking advantage of BIM technologies and practices and explains how BIM has enhanced their career paths. The study found that new processes of BIM enhance the careers of existing professionals and create new career paths for young professionals. Until recently, positions like BIM engineer/BIM manager did not exist, but now they are key positions in many companies. BIM is also opening up positions for young engineers in nontraditional industries like manufacturing, energy, media and entertainment, healthcare companies, and facility management.

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Significant amount of work has been done in software engineering in terms of reuse. With the use of object-orientation and design patterns that support the development of reusable modules, it appears that the development and reuse of software modules in creating new systems is becoming more and more common. The software engineering world, however has taken reuse more seriously than database; more research and improvement in reuse has been made in software engineering than in database. This paper investigates how software engineering metrics can be applied in the development of reusable database modules. This research provides a model for predicting the reusability of EXPRESS modules. It establishes a relationship between coupling and reusability of EXPRESS modules, and provides a set of metrics that may be used in the proposed model for measuring coupling in EXPRESS modules.

Estimating is a critical aspect of every construction project. The most tedious component of an estimate is the quantity takeoff. Different tools are available to improve an estimator's productivity for a quantity takeoff. Faster quantity takeoffs enable estimator to bid more jobs. This study analyzed the time and accuracy of performing quantity takeoffs when using building information modeling (BIM) through a comparison study using Revit (BIM software) and On-Center's OST. In preparation for the study the researcher conducted a pilot study. Participants of the study were asked to perform a quantity takeoff using both Revit and OST. Their resulting data was then, analyzed comparing both the time and accuracy of each item taken off. The subjects' perspectives on the two different methods of performing takeoff are also included in the findings of this study. This study focused on a conceptual estimate takeoff for a small commercial building. The results of the study showed that, on average, those using BIM were able to perform the overall takeoff faster than those using OST while still maintaining equivalent accuracy. This study includes methods to improve productivity for quantity takeoff through an analysis of the takeoffs of counts, areas, and lengths. Findings of this study include methods, techniques, and cautions for performing a quantity takeoff using BIM.

Building Information Modeling has provided many benefits to the architectural, engineering, construction and facilities management communities. Many studies have been done to validate the asserted benefits, including benefits to the field of estimating. The studies on estimating are currently limited to the realm of conceptual estimates, and have only treated detailed estimates in the abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine how BIM was being used by companies in a hard bid, or detailed estimate scenario. The research team used the Deseret Towers housing project at Brigham Young University as the basis for the research. A building information model (BIM) was provided to all bidders on the project, and at the conclusion of the bidding process a survey was used to determine how the contractors used the model in their bidding processes. The findings determined that a few of the contractors did use the model for quantity takeoff, and one actually used the quantities as the basis for the submitted bid. Additionally, the survey attempted to determine the prevailing attitudes of the estimators toward BIM as a tool in estimating, and their opinions of the future of BIM in estimating.

There has been an increase in adoption of building information modeling (BIM) by commercial contractors over the past few years but there is not a clear indication of current application or the frequency of each use. This research was undertaken to determine the frequency and best practices of using BIM in commercial construction. Leading commercial contracting firms were contacted and employees were selected to complete a telephone survey that was designed to determine how they are using BIM. It was found that BIM is being used with more frequency on projects, with plans to continue to implement it even further on all projects that allow for its use. Most companies are incorporating trade contractors in their coordination meetings but are taking the lead to ensure a high standard is maintained. Trade contractors are given responsibility to resolve smaller clashes while bringing the larger problems to the clash detection meetings. The model quality being received is increasing as well the frequency of models being received from the design team; however, there is a lack of consensus as to the level of development requirement to ensure the model can be used for facilities management. Commercial contractors are adopting building information modeling for a variety of reasons. These include client requirements, innovative technology strategies, and fear of being left behind. Overall its use improves processes within their companies. The general agreement is that BIM is having a positive impact on profitability, schedules and sales. BIM further improves the efficiency, effectiveness and competitiveness. The best practices undertaken by commercial contractors include using BIM as a sales and marketing tool, utilizing subcontractors knowledge and allowing them to resolve minor clashes, having combination of BIM teams and BIM experts and investing in training employees and further development of BIM uses.