Grupptillhörighetens påverkan på uppfattningen av politiska uttalanden är något som inte tidigare studerats inom svensk forskning. I denna experimentella studie deltog 96 studenter, varav 25 män. Genom en enkätundersökning testades avsändarens betydelse på hur politiska uttalanden värderas. Syftet var att se om ett politiskt uttalande uppfattades olika beroende på avsändare och huruvida deltagarens grupptillhörighet påverkade uppfattningen om uttalandet. Fyra olika enkäter delades ut, innehållandes samma uttalande men olika påstådda avsändare. Det antogs att deltagaren skulle uppfatta uttalandet mer positivt när det kom från det parti deltagaren sympatiserade med. Det antogs även att uttalandet från Sverigedemokraterna skulle uppfattas mer negativt än de andra uttalandena bland de deltagare som inte röstade på Sverigedemokraterna. Deltagarna skattade uttalandet med hjälp av tio värdeladdade ord. Resultatet visade att individer såg mer negativt på ett uttalande som påstås komma från Sverigedemokraterna än när uttalandet sades komma från övriga påstådda avsändarna. Resultaten diskuterades utifrån förutsättningarna vid materialinsamlingen.

<p>Bemanningsbranschen i Sverige växer snabbt och närmare en procent av den totala arbetskraften i landet är anställd i bemanningsföretag. Tidigare forskning har ur ett organisationspsykologiskt perspektiv undersökt hur direktanställd personal reagerar på inhyrd personal och vice versa, då indikationer på att stigmatisering av inhyrd personal negativt påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen framkommit. Dock har inga socialpsykologiska studier om direktanställdas arbetstrivsel i telemarketingbranschen kunnat hittas. Utifrån denna bakgrund syftar denna studie till att undersöka ingroup/outgroup bias i relation till direktanställd personals arbetstrivsel inom telemarketingbranschen. I en enkät ombads direktanställda vid ett telemarketingföretag att ta ställning till påståenden om personalrelationerna på arbetsplatsen. Resultaten indikerade att ingroup/outgroup bias kan förklara en betydande del av variansen i de direktanställdas arbetstrivsel, samt att direktanställd personal i homogena arbetsgrupper uppvisar hög grad av ingroup/outgroup bias till skillnad från kollegor i blandade arbetsgrupper. Utifrån erhållna resultat diskuteras relationen mellan personalintegration och ökad trivsel.</p>

Bemanningsbranschen i Sverige växer snabbt och närmare en procent av den totala arbetskraften i landet är anställd i bemanningsföretag. Tidigare forskning har ur ett organisationspsykologiskt perspektiv undersökt hur direktanställd personal reagerar på inhyrd personal och vice versa, då indikationer på att stigmatisering av inhyrd personal negativt påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen framkommit. Dock har inga socialpsykologiska studier om direktanställdas arbetstrivsel i telemarketingbranschen kunnat hittas. Utifrån denna bakgrund syftar denna studie till att undersöka ingroup/outgroup bias i relation till direktanställd personals arbetstrivsel inom telemarketingbranschen. I en enkät ombads direktanställda vid ett telemarketingföretag att ta ställning till påståenden om personalrelationerna på arbetsplatsen. Resultaten indikerade att ingroup/outgroup bias kan förklara en betydande del av variansen i de direktanställdas arbetstrivsel, samt att direktanställd personal i homogena arbetsgrupper uppvisar hög grad av ingroup/outgroup bias till skillnad från kollegor i blandade arbetsgrupper. Utifrån erhållna resultat diskuteras relationen mellan personalintegration och ökad trivsel.

No description available.

På samma sätt som saker och ting kategoriseras, grupperar sig människor till ”vi” och ”dem”. Tidigare forskning har visat att både en gärningsman och ett vittnes etniska ursprung har avgörande betydelse för hur en gärningsman bedöms vid ett brott. Denna studie undersökte om deltagarnas och gärningsmannens etniska ursprung inverkade på attityden till att vittna vid ett brott. Studien var en kvasiexperimentell enkätundersökning där sammanlagt 166 skolelever i årskurs 9, varav 81 av utländskt ursprung fick besvara påståenden utifrån en fiktiv berättelse då gärningsmannens etnicitet manipulerades. Ingen skillnad kunde påvisas mellan de olika etniska gruppernas attityd till att vittna beroende på gärningsmannens etnicitet. Dock påvisades en skillnad mellan de olika etniska gruppernas attityd till att vittna oberoende gärningsmannens etnicitet. Således gav hypoteserna inget stöd. Resultatet kan bero på att skoleleverna i studien kom från heterogena skolor, och på så vis kunnat utveckla en social samhörighet med varandra.

This thesis consists of two studies together with a preliminary study, focusing on the issue of ingroup representation of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. The first study, addressing the problems of stereotype content, stereotype accuracy, and stereotype consensus, was based on in-depth interviewing with twenty members of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. It was hypothesized that the group members, when their social identities were salient, would locate the ingroup within a chronic way of looking at the world, namely the perceived context. The accuracy of stereotypes and the stereotype consensus commonly observed among group members depended upon the efficiency of this perceived context as an explanation. Moreover, the favorability of stereotype content also derived heavily from this perceived context. The second study, based on two hundreds &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group members, examined the effects of target group (ingroup, close outgroup, distant outgroup), type of attributes (favorable, unfavorable), comparative context (intragroup, intergroup with close outgroup, intergroup with distant outgroup, multigroup), and level of identification with the ingroup (high-identifiers, low-identifiers) on the perceptions of homogeneity. A number of hypotheses were tested and the following results were found: First, group members perceived the ingroup as more positively homogeneous than both the close and the distant outgroup. Moreover, the close outgroup was perceived as more positively homogeneous than the distant outgroup. In fact, the distant outgroup was perceived as negatively homogeneous. Second, group members perceived both the ingroup and the close outgroup as more positively homogeneous in terms of unfavorable attributes than in terms of favorable ones. On the contrary, they tended to perceive the distant outgroup as more negatively homogeneous in terms of favorable attributes than in terms of unfavorable ones. Third, the above perceptions were less accentuated in the intragroup context, while they were more accentuated in the multigroup context. Fourth, the above perceptions were more accentuated for the high-identifiers than for the low-identifiers. Apart from these main effects, a number of complicated interactions were also discovered and these results were discussed with reference to the relevant literature.

No description available.

Research on forgiveness has been expanding rapidly in the last decade with a subset of studies looking at how religious people forgive. A discrepancy persists between Christians’ level of valuing forgiveness and forgiveness of actual transgressions. Several methodological issues and offense-specific variables have been presented as explanations. This present thesis examines the role of the congregation as a group identity, and applies it to a theory of relational spirituality, as a measure of the relationship between a victim and the Sacred. No existing research has polled congregants about offense-specific forgiveness of church peers. I collected data from members of Christian congregations throughout the United States (Study 1, N = 63) and college students belonging to Christian congregations (Study 2, N = 387) concerning group identity and within group forgiveness. In the present studies, group identification with a congregation predicted lower unforgiving and higher forgiving motivations towards an in-group offender.

To my knowledge, few studies have investigated the effects of ingroup prejudice. Study 1 assessed the relationship between experienced ingroup prejudice and wellbeing. Results indicated that experiencing racism from the LGBT community was related to poor wellbeing amongst Black men (N=99). Partial correlations indicated that while controlling for other sources of prejudice, racism from the ingroup (i.e., LGBT community) continued to relate to the wellbeing of gay Black men (GBM); however, the relationship between racism from the outgroup (i.e., Whites) and wellbeing was lost. Thus, ingroup and outgroup racism may affect GBM’s wellbeing differently. For Study 2, (N=264) I once again, evaluated the relationship between ingroup prejudice and wellbeing amongst gay Black men. Findings demonstrated that effects of prejudice on wellbeing of GBM were not dependent upon ingroup and outgroup prejudice. However, racism from the LGBT community was more impactful than any other condition. GBM reported lower self-esteem when racism stemmed from the LGBT community versus sexuality prejudice from the Black community. This may be due to GBM finding bias from the LGBT community as more unexpected compared to all other sources of bias. When bias stemmed from the LGBT community compared to all groups, GBM reported lower self-esteem and lower perceived control. Mediation analyses demonstrated that bias expectations mediated the relationship between the difference of racism from the LGBT community from all other groups and wellbeing. Moreover, GBM identified less with their ingroups when they read about ingroup prejudice.

Extreme right-wing political parties and movements are growing in number and size all over Europe and in their tail, an increased political focus on immigration and its pros and cons. Sweden is no exception to the European trend and the Swedish extreme right-wing political party, Sverigedemokraterna, became the third largest political party in the latest elections for the Swedish parliament in 2014. The objective of this study is to contribute to the current debate on rising right-wing party affiliation through an analysis of the reasons for extreme right-wing voting behavior of immigrants in Sweden. Through a case-study based on six in-depth interviews with immigrants voting for Sverigedemokraterna, the study looks into issues regarding social group identification as the issue of identification with or repudiation of the ‘outgroup’ appears, from previously conducted research, to be a key issue. An analysis of policy documents of Sverigedemokraterna, previously conducted research and finally an interview conducted by a Swedish anti-racist organization is also included in the case-study. The study shows that the reasons behind immigrant extreme right-wing voting behavior present substantial similarities with other highly represented groups of extreme right-wing voters in that voting is, in line with Realistic Conflict Theory, encouraged by a perceived socio-economic threat emanating from an identified ‘outgroup’. Further, the study validates the assumption of ‘in-’ and ‘outgroup’ identification as being a key issue in determining motives behind extreme right-wing voting. The key explanatory factor of the voting behavior of the studied group indeed shows to be the rejection of an identification with a homogenous group of ‘immigrants’. Finally, the study shows that the rejection of an identification with a homogenous group of ‘immigrants’, removes the theoretical base for assuming that immigrants should be expected to show favorable attitudes towards the group of immigrants in general.