Grupptillhörighetens påverkan på uppfattningen av politiska uttalanden är något som inte tidigare studerats inom svensk forskning. I denna experimentella studie deltog 96 studenter, varav 25 män. Genom en enkätundersökning testades avsändarens betydelse på hur politiska uttalanden värderas. Syftet var att se om ett politiskt uttalande uppfattades olika beroende på avsändare och huruvida deltagarens grupptillhörighet påverkade uppfattningen om uttalandet. Fyra olika enkäter delades ut, innehållandes samma uttalande men olika påstådda avsändare. Det antogs att deltagaren skulle uppfatta uttalandet mer positivt när det kom från det parti deltagaren sympatiserade med. Det antogs även att uttalandet från Sverigedemokraterna skulle uppfattas mer negativt än de andra uttalandena bland de deltagare som inte röstade på Sverigedemokraterna. Deltagarna skattade uttalandet med hjälp av tio värdeladdade ord. Resultatet visade att individer såg mer negativt på ett uttalande som påstås komma från Sverigedemokraterna än när uttalandet sades komma från övriga påstådda avsändarna. Resultaten diskuterades utifrån förutsättningarna vid materialinsamlingen.

No description available.

L’objectif général de la thèse est d’examiner le rôle de l’utilisation du langage dans la perpétuation des biais intergroupes. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’étudier les conséquences du Biais Linguistique Intergroupe (Linguistic Intergroup Bias, LIB,Maass, Salvi, Arcuri, & Semin, 1989). Le LIB est une manifestation subtile du biais de favoritisme endogroupe au niveau langagier. Ce biais se traduit par l’utilisation préférentielle de termes abstraits, i.e. des adjectifs, pour décrire les comportements positifs des membres de l’endogroupe et négatifs des membres de l’exogroupe, et à l’inverse par l’utilisation de termes concrets, i.e. des verbes d’action, pour décrire les comportements négatifs des membres de l’endogroupe et positifs des membres de l’exogroupe. Il est généralement admis que le LIB participe au maintien et à latransmission des croyances sur les groupes (Wigboldus & Douglas, 2007), cependant les processus sous-jacents restent relativement peu étudiés. Cette thèse propose une approche normative des conséquences du LIB, en examinant l’évaluation de l’usage de l’abstraction linguistique en contexte intergroupe. Le programme de recherche se décline en huit études. Trois études portent sur les liens entre usage de l’abstraction linguistique et évaluation des biais du locuteurà l’égard du groupe décrit. Quatre études examinent ensuite les liens entre utilisation de l’abstraction et évaluation de la valeur du locuteur en tant que membre de son groupe. Enfin, la dernière étude porte sur les conséquences des réactions sociales envers l’utilisation du LIB sur la perception des normes et sur l’expression explicite des biais intergroupes. Globalement, les résultats soutiennent l’idée que l’usage de l’abstraction linguistique en contexte intergroupe, et donc leLIB, peut faire l’objet de régulations normatives. Les implications pour le rôle du LIB dans la perpétuation des biais intergroupes sont discutées / The general aim of this thesis is to examine the role of language use into the perpetuation of intergroup bias. More precisely,we investigate the consequences of the Linguistict Intergroup Bias (LIB, Maass, Salvi, Arcuri, & Semin, 1989). The LIB is a subtle expression of ingroup bias at a linguistic level. The LIB refers to the tendency to use preferentially abstracts terms, i.e. adjectives, to describe positive ingroup and negative outgroup behaviors, and in contrast to use concrete terms, i.e. action verbs, to describe negative ingroup and positive outgroup behaviors. The LIB is widely accepted as playing a role in the transmission and the maintenance of beliefs about groups (Wigboldus & Douglas, 2007), however little is known about the underlying processes. This thesis develops a normative approach of the consequences of the LIB, by examining theevaluation of the use of linguistic abstraction in intergroup context. The research program is divided in eight studies. Three studies focuses on the relationships between the use of linguistic abstraction and the evaluation of the speaker’s bias toward the group being described. Four studies examine the relationships between the use of linguistic abstraction and the evaluation of the speaker’s value as a group member. Finally, the last study focuses on the consequences of social reactions toward the use of the LIB on the perception of norms and on the explicit expression of intergroup bias. In general, our results indicate that the use of linguistic abstraction, and therefore the LIB, may be subject to normative regulations. The implications for the role of the LIB into the perpetuation of intergroup bias are discussed

abstract: The major goal of the current study was to extend previous research on adolescents' gender stereotyping by assessing adolescents' academic, classroom regulatory behavior, and occupational gender stereotypes. This was done by creating new measures of academic and classroom regulation gender stereotypes. Using these measures, adolescents' gender stereotypes in core academic subjects, school in general, and classroom behavior were assessed. The coherence of adolescents' stereotypes was also examined. Participants were 257 7th grade students (M age = 12 years old, range 11-13 years old; 47% male. Students were administered surveys containing several measures of stereotyping. The results indicated that, for academic subjects, contrary to expectations, very few adolescents held traditional gender stereotypes; instead, most endorsed egalitarian views. Moreover, unexpected patterns emerged in which adolescents reported counter-traditional academic stereotypes. When sex differences were found in stereotyping patterns, they could be explained in part by ingroup bias. Approximately half of the students stereotyped classroom regulatory behaviors and occupations. Results provided support for the coherence of gender stereotypes such that students who stereotyped in one domain tended to stereotype in other domains. Strengths and limitations of the present study were discussed. Potentially important steps remain for research on the relation between academic gender stereotyping and academic performance. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2012

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis consists of two studies together with a preliminary study, focusing on the issue of ingroup representation of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. The first study, addressing the problems of stereotype content, stereotype accuracy, and stereotype consensus, was based on in-depth interviewing with twenty members of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. It was hypothesized that the group members, when their social identities were salient, would locate the ingroup within a chronic way of looking at the world, namely the perceived context. The accuracy of stereotypes and the stereotype consensus commonly observed among group members depended upon the efficiency of this perceived context as an explanation. Moreover, the favorability of stereotype content also derived heavily from this perceived context. The second study, based on two hundreds &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group members, examined the effects of target group (ingroup, close outgroup, distant outgroup), type of attributes (favorable, unfavorable), comparative context (intragroup, intergroup with close outgroup, intergroup with distant outgroup, multigroup), and level of identification with the ingroup (high-identifiers, low-identifiers) on the perceptions of homogeneity. A number of hypotheses were tested and the following results were found: First, group members perceived the ingroup as more positively homogeneous than both the close and the distant outgroup. Moreover, the close outgroup was perceived as more positively homogeneous than the distant outgroup. In fact, the distant outgroup was perceived as negatively homogeneous. Second, group members perceived both the ingroup and the close outgroup as more positively homogeneous in terms of unfavorable attributes than in terms of favorable ones. On the contrary, they tended to perceive the distant outgroup as more negatively homogeneous in terms of favorable attributes than in terms of unfavorable ones. Third, the above perceptions were less accentuated in the intragroup context, while they were more accentuated in the multigroup context. Fourth, the above perceptions were more accentuated for the high-identifiers than for the low-identifiers. Apart from these main effects, a number of complicated interactions were also discovered and these results were discussed with reference to the relevant literature.

No description available.