Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Numerical ocean modeling usually composes various initial- and boundary-value problems. It integrates hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equations numerically with atmospheric forcing and boundary conditions (lateral and vertical) from initial states of temperature, salinity and velocity. Past observations, historical datasets and climatological datasets of the ocean have contributed greatly to the knowledge of the data fields of initial condition, atmospheric forcing and boundary conditions. Change in either initial or boundary condition leads to a variety of model solutions. It is necessary to specify realistic initial and boundary conditions to achieve better understanding and prediction of the ocean behavior. However, uncertainty often exists in both initial and boundary conditions. Up to now, most studies on ocean predictability have usually been for one particular type of model input uncertainty within the three types of uncertainty (initial conditions, open boundary conditions, atmospheric forcing function). This thesis investigates the response of ocean model to the three types of model input uncertainty simultaneously using Princeton Ocean Model (POM) implemented for the Japan/East Sea (JES). / Lieutenant Commander, Taiwan, R.O.C. Navy

Orientador: Heloisa da Silva / Resumo: Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender como as narrativas são mobilizadas em um subprojeto denominado “A contribuição da literatura nos processos formativos no contexto escolar” do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Unesp, Rio Claro, sob a perspectiva de licenciandas participantes do subprojeto. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com alunas do curso de Pedagogia que participaram como bolsistas de tal subprojeto, com as quais buscamos compreender os modos de mobilização das narrativas no âmbito do subprojeto citado. Haja vista que a proponente da pesquisa participou deste subprojeto na ocasião em que era aluna de licenciatura do curso Pedagogia, garante-se, por suas vivências, que o subprojeto mobilizou as narrativas na formação destas futuras professoras. A metodologia adotada foi a História Oral (HO), que apoiou no entendimento dos processos formativos promovidos no âmbito do Pibid, envolvendo as narrativas. Entende-se que a pesquisa contribui tanto para a discussão sobre as práticas de formação inicial quanto com os trabalhos do Grupo História Oral e Educação Matemática (Ghoem), mais especificamente com a linha de pesquisa intitulada História Oral, Narrativas e Formação de Professores: pesquisa e intervenção, do qual a pesquisadora é integrante. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa sinaliza evidências da potência do trabalho com narrativas na formação de professores, permitindo que os futuros prof... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research had as objective to understand how the narratives are mobilized in a subproject called "The contribution of literature in the formative processes in the school context" of the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching Scholarship (Pibid), of the Undergraduate Degree in Pedagogy of Unesp, Rio Claro, from the perspective of graduates participating in the subproject. For this purpose, interviews were carried out with students of the Pedagogy course who participated as scholars of this subproject, with which we sought to understand the ways in which the narratives were mobilized within the scope of the aforementioned subproject. Since the proponent of the research participated in this subproject at the time she was a student of the degree course of Pedagogy, it is guaranteed, through her experiences, that the subproject mobilized the narratives in the formation of these future teachers. The methodology adopted was Oral History (HO), which supported the understanding of the formative processes promoted within the scope of the Pibid, involving the narratives. It is understood that the research contributes as much to the discussion about the practices of initial formation as with the works of the Group Oral History and Mathematical Education (Ghoem), more specifically with the line of research titled Oral History, Narratives and Teacher Training: research and intervention, of which the researcher is a member. In this sense, this research shows evidence of working... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

[pt] A Oferta Publica Inicial de Ações (IPO) tem sido objeto de estudo em diversos países, em função da importância destas operações, principalmente em mercados desenvolvidos. Especialmente no Brasil, este ainda é um assunto relativamente novo, com crescimento no volume de operações nos últimos anos. Este trabalho busca avaliar as operações através da metodologia de Múltiplos, verificando se as empresas foram superavaliadas, ou tiveram seu valor subestimado. Em seguida, foi estimado o custo de capital próprio das empresas, com base nas informações disponíveis no momento da operação e comparado ao retorno observado após o lançamento. Da mesma forma, foi estimado o beta, com base na média de cada setor e comparado ao realizado nos meses seguintes, buscando testar a assertividade das estimativas utilizadas para o cálculo do Custo de Capital. O presente trabalho teve como ponto de partida o estudo realizado por Felipe Casotti (2007), analisando as operações entre 2004 e 2006, tendo agora uma amostra maior e um histórico mais longo de dados, possibilitando análises mais robustas e resultados mais conclusivos. É possível constatar que as precificações das emissões não foram superestimadas, pois apesar das altas valorizações no curto prazo, os retornos de longo prazo ficaram abaixo do médio do mercado e em linha com o Custo de Capital estimado. / [en] Initial Public Offerings (IPO) have been the subject of studies in many countries due to its importance, mainly in developed markets. Especially in Brazil, it is still a new topic, as the number of operations has grown over the last years. This research intends to evaluate these operations, using the Relative Valuation Methodology, to verify if the companies were overpriced or underpriced. Following that, the Cost of Equity for these companies was estimated, based on the information available at the time of the offer and then compared to the return observed after the shares issue. Besides that, the beta was estimated based on the average for each industry, and then compared to the actual observed on the following months, aiming at testing the accuracy of the estimate used in the Cost of Capital calculation. This research was based on a previous study, undertaken by Felipe Casotti (2007), which analyzed the operations between 2004 and 2006, with the added benefit of now having a larger sample and a longer record of actual data, enabling more robust analyses and more conclusive results. It is possible to observe that the price of IPOs were not overestimated, as despite the high upsides in the short term, the returns in the long run performed below market average and were very close to the estimated Cost of Capital.

The listing of firms on stock exchanges does not only provide these firms with the opportunity to raise long-term equity capital, it also allows for investors to participate in the primary and secondary equity markets. Traditionally executed through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), listings were previously reserved for large firms due to the requirements and costs involved. In response, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) introduced the JSE Alternative Exchange (AltX) in 2003 as a parallel exchange market in order to also provide South African small and medium sized entities with an opportunity to access equity capital. This also allowed for investors to invest in small high-growth companies with the expectation of higher returns. The aim of this research was to analyse the IPO performances of JSE AltX listings in order to establish the returns achieved by the initial IPO and the subsequent aftermarket participants. This research analysed the initial IPO returns attributable to the initial investors and the 1, 2 and 3 year aftermarket returns attributable to the aftermarket participants. Although various studies have been concluded on the investor returns for IPOs listing on the JSE, this report focused specifically on the AltX which has not been as extensively studied. IPOs listing on the JSE AltX from April 2006 to December 2011 were analysed. It was found that during this period, the average initial market-adjusted return offered to the initial invertors was 21 per cent after the first day of trade. The average 1, 2 and 3 year aftermarket market-adjusted returns were -0.08, -0.33 and 3.36 per cent respectively. An analysis of the combined aftermarket market-adjusted returns for the same 1, 2 and 3 year post IPO periods yielded returns of 25.17, 20.03 and 25.67 per cent respectively. From the conducted study, the results indicate that there is existence of average positive abnormal initial returns on the JSE AtlX, and returns underperformance for the two years following that. The aftermarket returns are then positive 3 years post IPO date. Combined returns were found to be abnormal and positive throughout the 1,2 and 3 year periods post IPO.

The current democratic climate in South Africa, along with current educational reform has called for a re-consideration of assessment and intervention procedures in the education and psychology context. Historical procedures of assessment and intervention programmes have been seen to be culturally biased, unfair, and unethical to children. These methods have been further regarded as too simplistic. A call for an approach to assessing and supporting children, which takes into consideration many factors of the child’s environment, has been placed. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the constructivist ecosystemic approach to assessment and intervention used with a case study, Matthew, who was assessed and supported in this approach prior to the onset of this study. A constructivist, ecosystemic assessment process, The Initial Assessment and Consultation (IAC) was used in understanding the child’s development. Such an assessment process called for an ecosystemic intervention programme, including, learning support through the application of the Cognitive Approach to Literacy Instruction (CATLI) as well as play therapy for the child and parent counselling for the parents. Methods of qualitative data collection were used, such as surveys completed by all the participants and extant data, such as learning support exams, lesson plans and a journal as well as counselling process notes. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyse the data. The findings of this study suggest that a holistic constructivist ecosystemic approach to assessment and interventions is a viable process in understanding and supporting an underachieving anxious child. However, it is acknowledged that a considerable body of research needs to be achieved before this finding can be considered conclusive. In addition, certain constraints to using this approach were acknowledged, such as time and expertise.

Thesis advisor: Thomas J. Chemmanur / My dissertation is comprised of three chapters. In the first chapter, I analyze the effect of top management changes on subsequent corporate innovation in venture capital-backed private firms using a hand-collected dataset. I find that top management changes are associated with significantly more and higher quality corporate innovation (as measured by their patenting activity). I show that top management changes are likely to be venture-driven and that the effect of top management changes on corporate innovation is stronger for firms where venture capitalists have greater power. An instrumental variable analysis using an exogenous shock to the supply of outside managers available for hire implies a causal effect of top management changes on corporate innovation. I establish that one mechanism through which top management changes enhance corporate innovation is through new management teams hiring more inventors for a given investment size. I also show that both top management changes and corporate innovation have a positive impact on firms' successful exits. In the second chapter, co-authored with Thomas Chemmanur and Karthik Krishnan, we hypothesize that VC-backing garners greater “investor attention” (Merton (1987)) for IPOs, allowing IPO underwriters to perform two information-related roles more efficiently during the book-building and road-show process: information dissemination, where the lead underwriter disseminates noisy information about various aspects of the IPO firm to institutional investors; and information extraction, where the lead underwriter extracts information useful in pricing the IPO firm equity from institutional investors. Using pre-IPO media coverage as a proxy, we show empirically that VC-backed firm IPOs indeed obtain greater investor attention, causally yielding them more favorable IPO characteristics such as higher IPO and secondary market valuations. In the third chapter, co-authored with Thomas Chemmanur, Lei Kong, and Karthik Krishnan, using panel data on top management characteristics and a management quality factor constructed using common factor analysis on individual management quality proxies, we analyze the relation between the human capital or “quality” of firm management and its innovation inputs and outputs. We control for the endogenous matching between firm and management quality using a plausibly exogenous shock to the supply of new managers as an instrument, thereby finding a causal relationship between management quality and innovation activities. We show that higher management quality firms achieve greater innovation output by hiring more and higher quality inventors. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Finance.

[pt] A precificação das ações emitidas em ofertas públicas iniciais tem sido alvo de estudos em diversos países. Abordando o conceito de avaliação por múltiplos, este trabalho busca verificar se as ações das empresas estavam sub-avaliadas ou super-avaliadas no momento das suas Ofertas Públicas Iniciais (Initial Public Offerings). Posteriormente, são determinados os custos de capital próprio adotados na emissão, verificando-se a diferença entre betas utilizados no modelo CAPM, no momento da IPO, e os betas dos 12 meses após a oferta inicial. Para tal, foi utilizada uma amostra composta por empresas que abriram capital entre 2004 e 2006. Observou-se que as ações não foram sub- avaliadas, mesmo após serem observados elevados retornos iniciais. No entanto, não há evidências estatísticas de que foram super-avaliadas. Por fim, verificou-se que os betas de 12 meses são significativamente maiores do que os betas utilizados no momento da precificação. Como esperado, o modelo CAPM determinou retornos abaixo dos retornos ocorridos após a emissão. / [en] The pricing of assets issued in initial public offerings has been the subject of many studies in several countries. Using the concept of relative valuation, this study intends to verify if the shares of selected companies were undervalued or not at the time of their IPOs (Initial Public Offering). Later, the cost of equity is determined and betas used in the CAPM model, at the time of the IPO, and the betas verified 12 months after the initial issue are compared. The sample is composed of companies with IPOs during the period 2004-2006. The results show that the shares were undervalued, although high initial returns were observed. However, there is no statistical evidence that they are overvalued. Finally, it was found that the betas after 12 months are significantly higher than the ones used at the time of the pricing. As expected, the CAPM model determined returns below the returns that occurred.

O presente trabalho, dissertação visando a obtenção do titulo de mestrado em engenharia na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, é fruto de pesquisa bibliográfica de dados secundários de pesquisa de campo sobre qualidade de águas de chuva após os primeiros escoamentos superficiais. A pesquisa procurou propor e discutir o conceito de uso da água de escoamentos superficiais próximos, como uma das ferramentas para o desenvolvimento e implantação de empreendimentos e programas de gerenciamento de águas. São apresentados e analisados alguns estudos, internacionais selecionados, de qualidade com identificação e quantificação de poluentes de águas provenientes de telhados, pátios e jardins, de ruas e provenientes de áreas maiores como bairros. A análise de resultados das dez pesquisas selecionadas, ao final, possibilitou o conhecimento geral da qualidade de águas da drenagem urbana em seus primeiros momentos. Foi possível, igualmente, identificar usos para essas águas, que revelam-se como mais um manancial de interesse econômico e ambiental, com qualidade. A análise dos estudos permitiu concluir que uso de água de escoamentos superficiais próximos, ou seja água captada em locais próximos a incidência da chuva, é ferramenta básica para o desenvolvimento de empreendimentos que visem a economia de água tratada bem como visem melhorias ambientais. / This work was conducted aiming a master degree in Engeneering in Escola Politécnica of Universidade de São Paulo, and deal with secondary data obtained in field’s researches about rain water quality in the initial run-off. This research intended to propose and to discuss the concept of use of the water from initial run-off, as one of the tools to develop and implant achievement and management programs of waters. It is presented and analyzed some international studies of quality with measure of pollutant components in water obtained from roofs, backyards and gardens, from streets and from bigger areas like several blocks. The date analysis of ten researches selected leads to the improving of the general knowledge of the urban drainage waters quality in its first run-off. This academic work produced, in the same way, the identification of uses for the rain water after first run-off, which was reveled as a source of economic and environmental interest. Analyzing the studies allowed conclude that the use of water after first run-off is basic tool for the development of achievements that seek the economy of treated water as well as environmental improvements.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e avaliar uma técnica de determinação de posição inicial de rotor em máquinas síncronas de ímã permanente de superfície. A técnica de determinação de posição inicial é baseada na aplicação de pulsos ao motor. É proposto também um algoritmo de ajuste automático desses pulsos de forma a criar um mecanismo genérico de determinação de posição inicial de ângulo de rotor para o tipo de máquina em estudo. Simulações são realizadas de forma a garantir funcionamento correto do algoritmo que foi implementado em código C com matemática de ponto fixo. A implementação foi realizada utilizando-se um microcontrolador comercial de baixo custo que não possui hardware para aritmética de ponto flutuante. Um descritivo detalhado da implementação, do sistema de testes e resultados são apresentados ao longo do texto. / This work aims the study and evaluation of a rotor initial angle estimation technique in surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine. The technique of the rotor initial angle estimation is based on pulse injection to the motor. It is also proposed in this work an automatic pulse adjustment algorithm in order to create a generic mechanism to estimate rotor initial angle for the machine type under study. Simulations are performed in order to ensure the proper functionality of the algorithm which was implemented in C code with fixed point mathematics. The implementation was performed using a comercial low cost microcontroller which does not have floating point arithmetic capability. A detailed description of the implementation, test system and results are presented in this text.

O presente trabalho busca compreender a proposta de ensino de Matemática para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental (1º ao 3º ano) com base nos princípios do letramento. Para isso, tomamos como objeto de estudo os cadernos de Alfabetização Matemática do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa PNAIC. Para leitura do material nos baseamos na obra de Machado (2011) Matemática e Língua Materna, a fim de explicitar as relações entre os dois sistemas básicos de representação da realidade: o alfabeto e os números. Na base das reflexões realizadas, recorremos aos estudos sobre alfabetização e letramento, tendo como referências principais os trabalhos de Colello (2010, 2014, 2015) e Fonseca (2004, 2009, 2017); partimos também de breves ponderações sobre a formação de professores polivalentes em Matemática, a qual teve por base os estudos de Curi (2005), Costa (2016) e Silva (2009). A aproximação entre a Língua Materna e Matemática é uma temática clássica continuamente renovada, ressurge em trabalhos em diversos períodos de renovação curricular. Nesta pesquisa, especialmente nos motivou a questão de que nem sempre a Matemática é associada ao letramento, sendo aparente a desvinculação com os processos de alfabetização. Presumimos que aproximar as relações entre o ensino da Matemática e da Língua contribui para superação de dificuldades de ensino em ambas as disciplinas. Concluímos que essa relação se dá essencialmente, em primeiro lugar, por meio do serviço que a oralidade da Língua Materna presta ao ensino da Matemática; isso se insere na questão básica do letramento que é a busca pelo vínculo com o social. Advindo desta primeira observação, pudemos constatar outras ligações colaborativas entre as duas temáticas, como a diversidade de gêneros textuais nas aulas de Matemática e a correspondência entre as etapas do processo de alfabetização na Língua e em Matemática. A busca por esse elo com as práticas sociais no desenvolvimento da alfabetização que neste trabalho apresentamos, se traduz na feliz expressão de Paulo Freire A leitura do mundo antecede a leitura da palavra. / This essay tries to show the proposal of mathematics teaching in the initial years of elementary school based on the principles of literacy. In order to do this, it was taken the books of the Initial Reading Instruction for Mathematics of the National Pact for the Initial Reading Instruction on the Right Age (in Portuguese PNAIC). The reading of the material was based on the work of Machado (2011) Mathematics and Mother Language, in order to explain the relation between the two basic system of representation of reality: the alphabet and the numbers. Based on the reflection made it, we resorted to the studies of Initial Reading Instruction and Literacy with reference on the work made by Colello (2010, 2014, 2015) and Fonseca (2004, 2009, 2017); also the brief ponderations on the formation of multipurpose teachers in mathematics based on Curi (2005), Costa (2016) e Silva (2009). The proximity of the mother language is a classic thematic that is continuously renewed and resurface in a variety of works in times of curricular renovations. This research was especially motivated by the matter that Mathematics is not always associated with literacy, being noticeable the dissociation with the initial reading instruction process. It was presumed that the proximity between the teachings of mathematics and languages contributes to overcoming the difficulties of teaching in both subjects. It was concluded that this realization happens firstly by the service the orality in the mother language provides to the teaching mathematics; that being insert on the basic issue of literacy that is a pursuit with the social matter. Based on this first observation, it was possible to enumerate other collaborative connections between the two thematics, as variety of textual genres on mathematics classes and the correspondence between the phases of the process in initial reading instruction on the language and on mathematics, expending our understanding in literacy. The pursuit for this link with social practices and on the development of initial reading instructions is translated (contemplated) on Paulo Freire expression that can be translated as The reading of the world precedes the reading of the word.