This diploma thesis deals with an entrepreneurial plan focused on innovation in company. Based on theoretical pieces of knowledge and discovered facts, it contains a proposal of solution, it´s conceivable positioning on the market and economical evaluation.

Die Energiewirtschaft befindet sich im Wandel: der Einfluss von globalen Trends und veränderten Kundenbedürfnissen bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung hoher Versorgungssicherheit setzt Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) unter enormen Druck. Weiterhin verstärkt der Einstieg marktfremder Unternehmen den Wettbewerb und der Übergang zu dezentralen regenerativen Energien verändert das Strommarktdesign. Beides fordert die konservativen Strukturen der Energieversorger heraus. Das bemerken die meisten EVUs heute bereits an den sinkenden Margen im Stromvertrieb, aber auch am Erfolg neuer technologischer Möglichkeiten, die ihr Geschäftsmodell bedrohen. Der Fortgang dieser Tendenzen, sowie die veränderte Umgebung in 2030 bestätigen: Wie jedes Unternehmen müssen sich auch EVUs an die externen Rahmenbedingungen anpassen, insofern sie in dieser Umgebung langfristig überleben wollen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie EVUs sich perspektivisch transformieren müssen, so dass ihrem Angebot auch immer ausreichend kundenseitige Nachfrage gegenübersteht.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis 1. EINLEITUNG 1.1 Motivation und Zielstellung 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit 2. THEORIE UND DEFINITION DER GRUNDBEGRIFFE 2.1 Die Energiewirtschaft und Energieversorgungsunternehmen 2.2 Begriffsdefinition Digitalisierung und Innovation 2.2.1 Digitalisierung 2.2.2 Innovation 2.2.3 Business Model Canvas 2.3 Der Transformationsdruck auf Energieversorger 2.3.1 Rechtliche Einflüsse 2.3.2 Technische Einflüsse 2.3.3 Wirtschaftliche Einflüsse 2.4 Zusammenfassung 3. DER TRANSFORMATIONSDRUCK AUF ENERGIEVERSORGER 3.1 Entwicklung der Thesen 3.1.1 Thesen aus Kundensicht 3.1.2 Thesen zur Selbstsicht der Energieversorgungsunternehmen 3.1.3 Thesen zum Verhalten des Gesetzgebers 3.1.4 Thesen zur Beschreibung einiger Treiber der Veränderungen 2030 3.1.5 Thesen zur Situation der Energieversorgungsunternehmen in 2030 3.2 Überprüfung der Thesen durch Experteninterviews 3.2.1 Methodik, Vorgehensweise und Befragte 3.2.2 Auswertung 3.2.3 Mögliche Szenarien für die Energiewirtschaft 2030 3.3 Ergebnisse der Experteninterviews 3.3.1 Themenkomplex 1 – Das Kundenverhalten 3.3.2 Themenkomplex 2 – Die Selbstsicht der EVUs 3.3.3 Themenkomplex 3 – Das Verhalten des Gesetzgebers 3.3.4 Themenkomplex 4 – Die Treiber der Veränderungen 3.3.5 Themenkomplex 5 – EVUs 2030 3.4 Schlussfolgerung aus der Befragung 4. MODELLENTWICKLUNG „VIRTUELLES EVU“ 4.1 Vision, Mission und Strategie 4.2 Aufbau und Organisation 4.3 Wertschöpfungskette 4.4 Kunden und Partnerschaften 4.5 Business Model Canvas 5. DIE ENTWICKLUNGEN IN DER TELEKOMMUNIKATIONSBRANCHE 5.1 Wertschöpfung in der Telekommunikation 5.2 Veränderungen in der Telekommunikation 5.3 Schlussfolgerung für die Energiewirtschaft 6. FAZIT DER BETRACHTUNGEN 6.1 Mögliche Vorbehalte und Fehleranalyse 6.2 Verwendung des Modells „Virtuelles EVU 2030“ 6.3Weiterer Forschungsbedarf und Ausblick LITERATURVERZEICHNIS ANHANG

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-10T15:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - MARIANA BENVENIDO.pdf: 5225925 bytes, checksum: 8c3fa6d48bc88727b5d644f4277423e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-10T15:50:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - MARIANA BENVENIDO.pdf: 5225925 bytes, checksum: 8c3fa6d48bc88727b5d644f4277423e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-10T15:50:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - MARIANA BENVENIDO.pdf: 5225925 bytes, checksum: 8c3fa6d48bc88727b5d644f4277423e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T15:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - MARIANA BENVENIDO.pdf: 5225925 bytes, checksum: 8c3fa6d48bc88727b5d644f4277423e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / This research investigates how Exame magazine creates innovations and adds value in business models to survive in a digital ecosystem. The main objective is: analyze the strategies of innovation and creation of value for the audience in the magazine Exame in the three central platforms: magazine, site and application. A theoretical framework was developed to: understand the transition from traditional journalism to digital through new business models; identify the business model in the printed environment and in the digital environment; point out the innovations made by the magazine with the arrival of technologies; map the audience value creations developed by the Exame. This study is an exploratory research of qualitative character, appropriating the methodology of case study. For the development of the dissertation a bibliographical and documentary survey was carried out, elaboration of the categories of analysis, semi-structured interviews in depth and monitoring of the platforms. As a result, the research infers that the Exame presents three profiles of readers, justifying the independent nuclei in its organizational structure. The units meet the characteristics of the platforms, requiring an exclusive team to produce the content. The financing is based on readers and advertisers and the implementation of paywall has changed the business model. There is a need for greater collaboration among readers. Exame develops specific actions to create value on the three platforms analyzed to strengthen the brand in front of the print and digital audience. However, there is no effective insertion of innovation in their actions. Exame reproduces strategies that have worked well in international vehicles and performs innovative processes that are different from what already exists in the national market. / Essa pesquisa investiga como a revista Exame cria inovações e agrega valor em seu modelo de negócio para sobreviver em um ecossistema digital. O objetivo principal é analisar as estratégias de inovação e criação de valor para a audiência na Exame nas três plataformas centrais: revista, site e aplicativo. Foi elaborado um referencial teórico para: compreender a transição do jornalismo tradicional para o digital por meio de novos modelos de negócio; identificar o modelo de negócio no ambiente impresso e no digital; apontar as inovações realizadas pela revista com a chega das tecnologias; mapear as criações de valores para a audiência desenvolvidas pela Exame. Esse estudo é uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo, apropriando-se da metodologia de estudo de caso. Para o desenvolvimento da dissertação foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, elaboração das categorias de análise, entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade e monitoramento das plataformas. Como resultado, a pesquisa infere que a Exame apresenta três perfis de leitores, justificando os núcleos independentes em sua estrutura organizacional. As unidades atendem as características das plataformas, exigindo uma equipe exclusiva para a produção do conteúdo. O financiamento é pautado nos leitores e nos anunciantes e a implementação do paywall alterou o modelo de negócio. Observa-se a necessidade de uma maior colaboração dos leitores. A Exame desenvolve ações específicas de criação de valor nas três plataformas analisadas para fortalecer a marca perante a audiência impressa e digital. No entanto, não existe uma inserção efetiva de inovação em suas ações. A Exame reproduz estratégias que deram certo em veículos internacionais e executa processos inovadores diferenciados do que já existe no mercado nacional.

As atividades econômicas e industriais têm crescido de forma significativa, o que por sua vez, traz consequências ao meio ambiente, como a emissão de gases do efeito estufa que agravam o aquecimento global e a utilização desenfreada dos recursos naturais. Nesse cenário, o debate sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável tornou-se parte do cotidiano das organizações governamentais, públicas e privadas. Consequentemente, frente medidas paliativas e insuficientes por parte das organizações, surge a necessidade de implementação de modelos de negócios sustentáveis, que possibilitariam mudanças necessárias para alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em identificar quais os fatores que interferem no processo de implementação de um modelo de negócio sustentável, perpassando pelas dificuldades, mecanismos de sucesso e impactos para a competitividade. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de um levantamento de dados, sendo utilizado neste caso a estratégia survey, com questionário auto administrado. Os resultados foram divididos entre as barreiras aos modelos de negócios, os mecanismos de sucesso e os impactos do modelo de negócio sustentável para a competitividade. No seu primeiro aspecto, as conclusões trazem resultados relacionados a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais de gestão, assim como a falta de comprometimento da alta gestão, falta de infraestrutura, altos custos de implementação entre outros. No segundo aspecto apresentou resultados correlatos com as características essenciais dos líderes para a implementação de modelo de negócio sustentável, mudança da cultura organizacional por meio da institucionalização da sustentabilidade, estabelecimento de compliance, iniciativa da liderança da organização entre outras. Por fim, os impactos estão vinculados com a melhoria da imagem da organização, assim como valorização das ações no mercado de capitais e aumento da avaliação de rating. Há também impactos na estrutura de custos e fontes de receita da companhia, já que processos mais limpos implicam em custo de investimento mais alto. Tais resultados foram contrapostos com a literatura encontrada para a estruturação do presente trabalho, propondo também novos estudos futuros. / The economic and industrial activities have grown significantly, which has consequences for the environment, such as the emission of greenhouse gases that exacerbate global warming and rampant use of natural resources. In this scenario, the debate on sustainable development has become part of the everyday life in public and private governmental organizations. Consequently, facing palliative measures and insufficient by organizations, the need to implement sustainable business models rises, models that make possible critical changes to achieve sustainable development. With this in view, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that interfere in the implementation of a sustainable business model process, studying the difficulties, successful mechanisms and impacts on competitiveness. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research through a data survey was performed, being used in this case the survey strategy, with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were divided among the barriers to business models, successful mechanisms and impacts of sustainable business model for competitiveness. In its first aspect, the findings results are related to the lack of knowledge of management professionals, as well as a lack of senior management commitment, lack of infrastructure, high implementation costs, among others. In the second aspect presented, the results are related to the essential characteristics of leaders to implement sustainable business model, organizational culture change through the institutionalization of sustainability, compliance of establishment, organization\'s leadership initiative among others. Finally, the impacts are linked to improving the organization\'s image as well as appreciation of the shares in the capital and increased the rating assessment market. There are also impacts on the cost structure and sources of the company\'s revenue, since cleaner processes imply in higher cost of investment. These results were contrasted with the literature found for the structuring of this work, proposing also new future studies.

As atividades econômicas e industriais têm crescido de forma significativa, o que por sua vez, traz consequências ao meio ambiente, como a emissão de gases do efeito estufa que agravam o aquecimento global e a utilização desenfreada dos recursos naturais. Nesse cenário, o debate sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável tornou-se parte do cotidiano das organizações governamentais, públicas e privadas. Consequentemente, frente medidas paliativas e insuficientes por parte das organizações, surge a necessidade de implementação de modelos de negócios sustentáveis, que possibilitariam mudanças necessárias para alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em identificar quais os fatores que interferem no processo de implementação de um modelo de negócio sustentável, perpassando pelas dificuldades, mecanismos de sucesso e impactos para a competitividade. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de um levantamento de dados, sendo utilizado neste caso a estratégia survey, com questionário auto administrado. Os resultados foram divididos entre as barreiras aos modelos de negócios, os mecanismos de sucesso e os impactos do modelo de negócio sustentável para a competitividade. No seu primeiro aspecto, as conclusões trazem resultados relacionados a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais de gestão, assim como a falta de comprometimento da alta gestão, falta de infraestrutura, altos custos de implementação entre outros. No segundo aspecto apresentou resultados correlatos com as características essenciais dos líderes para a implementação de modelo de negócio sustentável, mudança da cultura organizacional por meio da institucionalização da sustentabilidade, estabelecimento de compliance, iniciativa da liderança da organização entre outras. Por fim, os impactos estão vinculados com a melhoria da imagem da organização, assim como valorização das ações no mercado de capitais e aumento da avaliação de rating. Há também impactos na estrutura de custos e fontes de receita da companhia, já que processos mais limpos implicam em custo de investimento mais alto. Tais resultados foram contrapostos com a literatura encontrada para a estruturação do presente trabalho, propondo também novos estudos futuros. / The economic and industrial activities have grown significantly, which has consequences for the environment, such as the emission of greenhouse gases that exacerbate global warming and rampant use of natural resources. In this scenario, the debate on sustainable development has become part of the everyday life in public and private governmental organizations. Consequently, facing palliative measures and insufficient by organizations, the need to implement sustainable business models rises, models that make possible critical changes to achieve sustainable development. With this in view, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that interfere in the implementation of a sustainable business model process, studying the difficulties, successful mechanisms and impacts on competitiveness. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research through a data survey was performed, being used in this case the survey strategy, with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were divided among the barriers to business models, successful mechanisms and impacts of sustainable business model for competitiveness. In its first aspect, the findings results are related to the lack of knowledge of management professionals, as well as a lack of senior management commitment, lack of infrastructure, high implementation costs, among others. In the second aspect presented, the results are related to the essential characteristics of leaders to implement sustainable business model, organizational culture change through the institutionalization of sustainability, compliance of establishment, organization\'s leadership initiative among others. Finally, the impacts are linked to improving the organization\'s image as well as appreciation of the shares in the capital and increased the rating assessment market. There are also impacts on the cost structure and sources of the company\'s revenue, since cleaner processes imply in higher cost of investment. These results were contrasted with the literature found for the structuring of this work, proposing also new future studies.

Business Intelligence plays the crucial role in the question of serching for the truth in organizations. Trend of data growing defines the importance of analytical tools for organizations. Innovation is perceived as the only driver which leads to higher living standards in a society in the longterm run (according to the World Economic Forum). This thesis joins two areas: innovation and analytical field of business informatics (Business Intelligence, Big Data). The main goal of this thesis is to identify innovation trends of Business Intelligence and Big Data and to classify them using the Design-driven Innovation model. The thesis also provides a broad perspective of the innovation process in organizations and reveals the mutuality of innovation process, productivity and competitiveness.

In the fourth industrial revolution, technological advancement and digital transformation are inevitable, which impact individuals, organizations, and governments tremendously and extensively. The current ongoing pandemic covid -19 has been a catalyst that accelerates the pace and scale of embracing digitalization, which leads to a dramatic shift in the business environment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) attracts increasing attention based on the business opportunities and values that can be created from both internal and external aspects alike. Grounding on the digital context, AI as an enabler from the external perspective; AI as a core resource from the internal perspective, the research attempts to identify 1) AI's implication on international entrepreneurs' possibilities to explore business opportunities;2) AI's significance for international entrepreneurs to enhance performance and generate value alike in the international market.  The research conducts qualitative research based on six case studies to examine and explore the aforementioned research area.  The research supports the theoretical framework that AI as an enabler provides international entrepreneurs with conducive conditions to testify and experiment with new business initiatives, which positively impacts spurring innovation and opening a new wide window of business opportunity across borders. In parallel, the research is consistent with the theories that AI is one of the valuable resources from the resource-based view, making contributions to SMEs’ enhanced performance, which paves the way for international entrepreneurs to stay in the business competition. In addition, the study proposes a combination of entrepreneurs' heuristic approaches in making strategic decisions with the assistance of AI in uncertain circumstances is crucial in conducting business in the digital environment. The research highlights the integration of innovation resources from external and internal aspects alike to stimulate and catalyse the growth of international entrepreneurship in the digital industry in the established markets. The research accentuates pandemic Covid-19 causes the changes in the digital environment, which affects international entrepreneurial activities. The article concludes with the above-mentioned circumstances' implications on international entrepreneurship, proposing a theoretical framework and providing an agenda for future research in the area.

This thesis investigates the performance of business model innovation (BMI) by incumbent power utility and clean-tech start-up firms influenced by the German Energiewende. It emphasises the factors that impact BMI from a managers’ perspective, examines success factors for managers to overcome BMI challenges, and addresses contingencies to perform BMI in a more structured way. The research is driven by the German Energiewende. It has been chosen as Germany is considered one of the world’s leading markets for renewable energies and a transformation of the power sector is currently underway. Therefore, established power utility firms face severe changes, which have the characteristics of a potential disruption to their business model (BM). At the same time, new players are challenging these incumbents with new BMs. The research is underpinned by the extant literature on BMs and BMI. The research approach is based on two case studies; the incumbent power utility and the clean-tech start-up sector. The qualitative study comprises of 24 semi-structured interviews conducted with top tier managers, from 18 firms, responsible for BMI within these firms. Key findings: This study extends our knowledge of BMI in both a start-up and an incumbent environment that is influenced by various contingent events. It portrays barriers to BMI and depicts critical success factors for BMI that point out solutions on how to overcome these barriers. It provides a structured BMI framework for established firms and illustrates future BM archetypes in this sector. It clearly documents the German Energiewende is regarded as a disruptive threat from the perspective of incumbent power utility managers. The theoretical contribution of this thesis is a process framework including all identified drivers and challenges for BMI in both established and start-up firms. Contributions to practice include critical success factors for BMI, recommendations to overcome barriers to BMI and future BM archetypes within the newly evolving Energiewende industry based on sustainable technologies.

The literature review on emerging concepts of 'Business model' and 'Business model innovation' finds significant theoretical and practical potential to facilitate the strategising and innovating activities of modern organisations operating in complex and dynamic business environments. However, a further review of extant literature reveals that although a significant knowledge-base has been accumulated focusing on the content and process aspects of the phenomenon, very few of the conducted studies take a practice-based perspective. Therefore, in keeping with the broader research question of current strategising practices, this research investigates the issue from many possible philosophical, theoretical and methodological angles, in turn making several contributions to the theory and practice of business models while also opening up several potential future research avenues. This research consists of four main research stages sequentially covering problem formulation, two theory creation phases and problem solving, thereby meeting the requirements of a practice-based management research through relevance rather than merely rigour, as in conventional scientific research. As a result, it offers several research contributions to both the theory and practice of business models, which can be immediately put into practice by theorists, practitioners and entrepreneurs: a pluralistic business model research classification framework; a dynamic practice-based approach to the construction of business models; a knowledge-based conceptualisation of business models and a dynamic capability matrix for business model practices. Additionally, this research also offers potential future contributions to adjacent research streams such as dynamic capabilities, strategy as practice and research methodology. Overall, by utilising the philosophy of pragmatism, this thesis advances the contemporary discipline of business models towards a practice-based science, crucially and timely bridging the knowledge gap in existing practice-based theories and frameworks business models. It is hopes that this work will gave rise to a new movement of research on business models, positioning itself as a well established applied-oriented management science among the broader disciplines of strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship.

Innovation entrepreneurship is built not only on a quality idea, but also on the availability of start-up capital and management skills of the idea owner. The insufficient finance often limits the success and growth potential of start-ups. When seeking support to individual business plans, allowing for entry of a business angel could be an option. Business angels are private, mostly experienced investors who invest in SMEs with high growth potential not only financial capital, but also business know-how, contacts and management experience. Thesis evaluates possibilities to use venture capital offered by business angels to support innovative start-ups and on several case studies assesses readiness of innovation and business environment from the investors’ point of view.