The thesis seeks to study through a qualitative text analysis how strategic policy concepts from three different policy documents concerning the use of the European Regional Development Fund can be said to align with two theoretical concepts from the field of regional development. Furthermore this paper aims to analyse how the theoretical- and policy-concepts are operationalized in the project that received funding in accordance with the policy concepts in one of the policy documents.

Cette thèse a pour objet d'étude la filière des plantes à parfum en Méditerranée occidentale et s'intéresse à sa capacité à valoriser les ressources naturelles. Depuis une dizaine d'années, les matières premières naturelles suscitent autant l'intérêt des fabricants de parfums et de cosmétiques que celui des consommateurs, dans un contexte proprice au développement durable. Elles font également l'objet de mises en valeur territoriales : paysages, techniques industrielles, pratiques locales. Autour de ces ressources naturelles s'agrègent des réseaux d'acteurs dont le rôle est d'assurer la compétitivité des systèmes productifs, face à la demande des utilisateurs et face aux nouvelles normes environnementales. Cet effet de réseau engendre des externalités économiques et culturelles ; nous formulons l'hypothèse que ces effets externes, générées par les systèmes productifs de la Méditerranée occidentale, peuvent être des vecteurs d'innovation. Afin de démontrer les synergies et les rapports de force qui se nouent entre les acteurs, et qui sont au cœur de la dynamique des territoires, la thèse propose une démarche comparative en s'appuyant sur les concepts de système productif, de milieu innovateur et d'économie culturelle. Elle emprunte aussi des éléments d'analyse patrimoniale et paysagère. L'étude concerne cinq pays de la Méditerranée occidentale à l'intérieur desquels nous avons sélectionné des territoires d'échantillon : la région française Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, berceau de la parfumerie industrielle, la côte méditerranéenne de l'Espagne et l'axe Madrid-Murcie, l'axe Rabat-Fès et la Vallée du Dadès au Maroc, le Cap Bon en Tunisie, et la Calabre en Italie. / This thesis aims to study raw materials for perfume manufactury's cluster in western Mediterranean and focuses on its ability to enhance natural resources. Over the last decade, natural substances are attracting growing interest from both perfumes and cosmetics manufacturers and consumers, in a context that favoured sustainable development. They also enhance territorial matters such as landscapes, industrial technology, local practices. Furthermore, actors's network ensure the competitiveness of each productive system, as regards new environmental standards. This “network effect” generates economic and cultural externalities ; then, we hypothesize that these externalities generated by the productive systems of western Mediterranean may be vectors of innovation. In order to show the dynamics and the relationships which link the actors of the cluster, and symbolizing the core of territories's dynamics, the thesis focuses on a comparative approach in relying on the concepts of productive system, innovative “milieu” and cultural economy. It also borrows elements of heritage and landscape analysis. The study concerns five countries of western Mediterranean in which we selected representative samples : the french region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, cradle of industrial perfume, the Mediterranean coast of Spain and the Madrid-Murcia axis, the Rabat-Fez axis and the Dades Valley in Morocco, Cap Bon in Tunisia, and the italian region of Calabria. Then, this study provides refections on interregional cooperation in a Mediterranean approach.

知識經濟時代與全球化潮流下，創新是廠商提升自我競爭力的重要途徑。創新乃原始概念到將知識商業化的一連串過程，而過去探討廠商創新的研究取向多元，研究觀點則以經濟地理學、企業管理學為主，綜合相關研究，大致可將影響廠商創新的因素歸類為三大面向：廠商內部屬性、對外網絡連結關係、廠商所處地區的環境條件。其中，創新氛圍乃是特定地區的行動者透過偕同作用及集體學習過程所產生的社會關係，提升了地區的創新能力，同時提供有利於廠商創新的環境條件，是近來區域發展的重要議題。本研究即綜合上述三大面向因素來探討廠商創新活動(研發投入與研發合作)與創新成效之影響因素。 創新氛圍理論從早期”某種東西之地方化”的探討，演變到後期關注於地方生產系統的運作是受到地區創新氛圍的影響所致；其中，創新氛圍量化指標的缺乏、探討領域的侷限，乃是本研究所要突破之處。本研究以工業區分佈情形、自然與人文界線、通勤圈範圍等原則，先將台灣地區分為46個地區分析單元，再參酌地方生產系統概念，以兩個指標：LQ大於1與製造業就業員工數大於50000人，篩選出26個地區作為研究範圍，最後以科技與傳統產業LQ大於1指標，區別出9個科技產業群聚地區、17個傳統產業群聚地區，藉以比較不同產業領域、地區發展程度不同之創新氛圍。準此，本研究以8個創新氛圍的相關指標，經過因素分析後萃取出2個創新氛圍因素：「創新綜效」、「創新成效」；藉此將台灣46個地區劃分為4種創新氛圍類型：創新氛圍、有創新無氛圍、有氛圍與創新、無創新無氛圍。 於廠商創新活動與成效實證分析方面，本研究採取兩個階段進行，分別皆以三個面向因素(廠商內部屬性、研發合作、地區創新氛圍)的影響因素來探討廠商創新活動與成效之差異。針對創新氛圍方面，於第一階段以不同產業群聚地區的虛擬變數作為隱含地區創新氛圍的概念，測試其對廠商創新活動與成效的影響，第二階段則以地區創新氛圍因素(創新綜效、創新成效)進行科技與傳統產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效之測試。整體研究結果顯示，科技產業群聚地區的廠商傾向自身的研發投入，而傳統產業群聚地區的廠商則多以研發合作居多，但科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效較佳；地區創新氛圍確實對於廠商的創新活動與成效有顯著的影響，尤其對於科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效更有顯著的貢獻；而研發合作對於廠商創新成效的影響則不如預期。因此，從基礎產業發展環境、知識設施的聚集、地區網絡的建構等方面，來促使各地區創新氛圍之形塑，將有利於地區廠商的創新，特別應加強傳統產業群聚地區的創新氛圍；此外，提倡廠商強化內部基本體質亦是促進廠商創新效率之關鍵所在。 / Under the wind of the knowledge-based economics and globalization, innovation is an important way for firms to increase their own competitiveness. Innovation is the process from original concept to business. The past researches on firm innovation branch widely, most focus on economic geography and corporation management. From those related researches, we can simplify the elements which can influence the innovation of the firm into three: firms’ inner attributes, relation of the connection to outside network, and the environment of the area which firms located. Innovation milieu is the social relationship which actors in the area could make it happen through interactions and group learning, which can advance the area’s innovation ability, and give the good environment condition for firms to innovate. Innovative milieu is the important issue in the present regional development researches, this research will integrate the three elements to discuss the influence on firms innovation activities and innovation success. The theory of the innovative milieu have transformed from discussion of “the localization of something” to focus on the relation of the work of the regional production system and the local innovative milieu. But, the lack of the quantification indicator, and the territory of the research field still need to break through, and is the focus of this research. This research divide Taiwan into 46 analysis area unit, then bring into the concept of the local production system, use two indicators to choose 26 elements as the scope of the research, and farther define 26 analysis area unit into 9 technology industry cluster area, and 17 traditional industry cluster area, to compare the differences of the industry field and the level of the development of the innovation milieu. This research take 8 innovative milieu related indexes, and compress into 2 indexes: “innovation synergy” and “innovation success” through the content analysis; this research use these two indexes to divide 46 areas of Taiwan into 4 types of innovation milieu: innovative milieu, no innovative milieu, innovation but without milieu, and milieu but without innovation. On the analysis of the firms’ innovation activities and the success, this research take two steps to discuss. At the first step, this research use the dummy variables of the different industry cluster area as the concept of the regional innovative milieu, to check the influence it could make on the firms innovation activities and the success; At the second step, this research use regional innovative milieu indexes to check the firms’ innovation success of the traditional and technology industry cluster area. The whole research shows that the firms of technology industry aggregation area are tend to invest on their own R&D, which the firms of traditional industry aggregation area often do their R&D by cooperating with others, and the innovation outcome of firms of the technology industry aggregation area is better. The regional innovative milieu has the conspicuous influence on the firms innovation activities and the success, especially to the technology industry cluster area, but the influence which the R&D cooperation could make on the innovation outcome is not good as expect. Thus, the making of the basic environment of the industry development, the aggregation of the knowledge facilities, and the build of the local network is the good impact for local firms to innovate, especially for the traditional industry aggregation area ones. At the same time, to reinforce the firms’ inner constitution is also the key to promote the firms innovation.