近幾十年來，受到全球化與資訊化的影響，知識的創新能力表現成為競爭力優劣的重要指標，國家或地區經濟發展競爭力高低，與其全球化優勢息息相關，而全球化競爭優勢能力又取決於其創新成效表現高低。台灣在全球化的浪潮及大陸開放競爭下，地方傳統產業在此衝擊下面臨倒閉或出走。在這充滿變數與挑戰的階段，本文從區域創新系統角度探討地方創新環境與其創新能力表現對競爭力的影響。 本研究藉文獻探討及台灣地區鄉鎮市之基礎數據資料分析研究，以創新系統觀點探討影響地方創新成效的關鍵因素，並據此選定衡量創新成效指標，再針對台灣區域地方環境、產業發展及國內創新環境現況，探討目前地方創新活動的狀況與設施，建構台灣地區地方創新系統指標。再利用多變量分析方法進行實證分析，利用因子分析取得代表地方創新環境與區域發展特徵之因素，並將其萃取出創新能力因子，作為劃分創新能力集群之根據，分為高、低創新成效地區；最後印證創新成效表現優異地區，其所具有創新能力之特質與創新成效表現優劣間之相關性。 本研究實證結果如下：一、影響創新成效主要因素為製造業產業群聚與支援性服務設施；二、高度創新成效地區皆坐落於新竹以北地區；三、創新能力因子指數與專利數產出量不一定成正相關，創新能力因子指數高僅代表該地區環境具有利於產業間分享知識技術交流的能力與潛力，但此種能力不一定表現在專利數產出量多寡，而須倚賴觀察該地區的各項創新活動狀況；四、創新能力因子指數高地區，近3年（93-95）來的專利數產出遠超過過去10年(83-92)，推論地區內產業及創新設施已成熟，再加上智慧財產權保護觀念普及，促使專利數量大增；五、鄰近創新成效較高之地區，使其創新成效表現低卻屬於高度創新成效地區，推論其因位置直接毗鄰高度創新成效地區，受地理鄰近性影響甚大。 最後建議政府應協助各地區地方政府鼓勵產業投資發展，提高地方創新研發動能，並積極輔導大學與育成中心提高其育成與輔導的效率，未來更應建立媒合大學及育成中心與產業界之合作機制，以推動產、官、學、研各種人才流通，提高研發創新能力。 / In the past few decades, the influence of globalization and informationization has made the ability to generate innovations in knowledge a key benchmark in competitiveness. The competitiveness of a country or region's economy is now closely linked to its global advantage. This global competitiveness, in turn, hinges on its ability to innovate. In Taiwan, the impact of globalization and China's market liberalization has seen local traditional industries either shut down or move elsewhere. In a time filled with uncertainties and challenges, this study seeks to examine the effect of a regional innovation environment and its innovation capability on competitiveness from a regional innovation system perspective. In this study, we review and analyze the basic data from Taiwan's regional areas and examine the key factors influencing the effectiveness of regional innovation. This was then used to select the indicators for evaluating innovation performance. Taiwan's regional environment, industry development and the current state of the domestic innovation environment were then examined to determine the current state and infrastructure of regional innovation activities to construct a set of regional innovation system indicators for Taiwan. Empirical analysis was performed utilizing multivariate analysis. First, factory analysis was used to extract the factors that represent the regional innovation environment and regional development characteristics. From these, we determine the innovation capability factors, and use these to define the innovation capability clusters. These clusters were then separated into high and low innovation effectiveness regions. Finally, we examine the areas with high innovation effectiveness and determine the correspondence between their innovation characteristics and their innovation performance. The empirical results from this study were as follow: 1. The main factors influencing innovation effectiveness were industry clustering and support services & infrastructure; 2. The regions with high innovation effectiveness were all located north of Hsinchu; 3. The innovation capability factor index may not correspond directly to patent output. A high innovation capability factor index only indicates that a region possesses the capability and potential to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and technology between industries. This capability may not necessarily be reflected in the patent output, but is instead, depends on the innovation activities being conducted in the region; 4. In regions with high innovation capability factor indices, their patent output in the past 3 years (2004~2006) far exceed the preceding decade (1994~2003). We hypothesize that the maturity of their local industries & innovation infrastructure, as well as widespread understanding of intellectual property rights, encouraged the rapid increase in the number of patents; 5. Some regions near highly innovative regions perform less effectively even though they are part of the same area. We hypothesize that this is directly caused by their geographical proximity to highly innovative regions. Finally, we recommend that the government provide assistance for regional governments to encourage investment in industrial developments and boost local innovative R&D capabilities. Assistance should also be provided to universities and incubation centers to improve their incubation & assistance effectiveness. In the future, a cooperative mechanism for linking universities, incubation centers and the industry should be set up as well to boost the capability for innovative R&D by encouraging the free flow of expertise between the industry, government, academic and research sectors.

知識經濟的時代下，「創新」是廠商競爭力的關鍵指標，更是整個國家經濟發展的重要基礎，因此哪些因素會影響創新的表現便成為研究者所關心的議題。過去對創新的研究中，或從廠商個體的角度切入，觀察廠商的規模、產業別、員工人數等屬性差異對創新的影響；或從知識外溢的角度切入，觀察廠商與大學、研究機構等知識產生地之間的時間、空間距離對創新的影響；近期又有學者由網絡連結的角度，觀察廠商與其他行動者間的連結關係和互動合作與創新成效間的關連性。本研究的主要目的是希望結合前述三者，觀察不同外溢條件下，廠商網絡的互動連結和個體屬性如何影響其創新成效。 在理論的推導上，本研究在知識外溢的基礎上引入網絡理論，認為不同的地區知識存量不同的情況下，影響廠商創新的因素也不一樣。在實證上，本研究首先利用集群分析的方式將60處編定工業區所在的鄉鎮市區分為二種不同的創新環境，再分別檢驗不同創新環境下，廠商的個體屬性因素和各種網絡連結對創新成效的影響。結果發現在個體屬性方面，廠商的現有專利數、有無設立研發部門以及員工的素質等三項，不論在何種環境下都對創新成效有正面影響。而網絡連結方面，實證中只有研發合作網絡對創新成效有所影響，在知識存量充沛的區域，研發網絡連結可以成為廠商獲取知識的管道，進而提高創新的成效；反之在知識存量不豐的區域中，縱使廠商建立起研發網絡連結，也無法從中取得創新所需要的知識和資訊。比較個體屬性和網絡連結後發現，個體屬性因素的影響力大於網絡因素的影響。因此，根據本研究之結論，未來政府在制定政策時，一方面應該強化廠商投入創新研發的意願，另一方面應設法將廠商引導至知識存量豐富的區域，並幫助促成研究發展的合作連結。 / Under the era of the kownledge economy, “innovation” is a key index of firm’s competitiveness and the foundation of the whole country’s economic, so researcher’s want to know which factors can influence firms’ innovation. In the past study on innovation, some observed the impacts on innovation of the attribute difference, such as scale, industry, number of employee, etc; some observes the firms, universities and research institutions to know the influence of knowledge spillover on innovation. What there were scholars by the angle that the network was linked, among the persons who observes the manufacturer and other actions linked the relation and cooperated interdynamically with the connecting with of closing among the innovative effect recently. The main purpose of this research is to combine three approach above and observe that under different conditions, how firm’s network linkage and individual attributes can influences its innovative. This research introduces network theory on the basis of knowledge spillover, under different situations of knowledge stock, the factor influencing the firm to innovate is different too. In the empirical, I divide 60 industry park into two kinds of different innovative environments by clustering, then examining that under different innovative environments, how the individual attribute factor of firms and the networks linkage impact the innovation. This study found it in individual attribute finally, three items , such as quality of employee, the existing patent of firms, set up R&Dt department, all has positive influence on innovative no matter in which kind of environment. The network linkage, it influences the innovative to some extent to only R&D network in the empricial analysis, the area plentiful in knowledge stock, R&D network can become the channel that tfirmsr obtain knowledge, and then improve the innovation; In the area not abundant of the knowledge stock, even if the firm sets up R&D linkgae, it is unable to get the knowledge and information that innovation needs from it. Finally we can find that the influence power of individual attribute factor is greater than the network linkage. According to the conclusion of this research, the government, while making the policy in the future, on one hand it strengthen firm to invest in R&D to innovate, on the other hand should try to guide firms to knowledge stock abundant area, and help them to set up the R&D linkage.

置身於全球化的發展趨勢下，產業更迭快速的今日，知識傳播、延續、管理與創新成為重要課題。為了在快速成長的市場上爭取佔有率，或為了創造新的應用、新的市場，必須採取競爭與成長的手段。基於此一創新概念，由於鶯歌陶瓷產業肇因歷史緣由，致使其產業發展早已融入當地居民日常生活，具在地文化傳統特色，形成獨特的陶瓷文化生活氛圍，並已形成全國聚集規模最大的陶瓷產業區位。爰鎖定在「技術創新」層次，並以鶯歌鎮當地陶瓷廠商為實證對象，聚焦廠商對外網絡連結、內部屬性等兩類面向進行探討實證。 透過對合作內容暨廠商內部職能進行社會合作網絡分析，描繪出鶯歌目前陶瓷產業網絡樣貌外，進一步分析鶯歌陶瓷產業合作網絡各行動者間所處之網絡位置關係，並觀察其創新知識來源。繼之以廠商內在驅力之動機進行鶯歌陶瓷廠商外部合作網絡分類並釐析各廠商內部屬性，運用計量模型來進一步實證分析探討其與創新研發投入曁成效間的關聯性。從創新研發角度出發，觀察各行動者所扮演之角色及其彼此間互動連結關係，並就其影響創新投入暨成效關鍵性因素加以分析探討。 本研究經由上述實證分析鶯歌陶瓷產業後，獲致如下四項結論： 一、現階段主要為大台北地區間產業網絡連結型態，雖具關鍵性行動者，惟未能充分藉助廠商間彼此鄰近的地緣關係達臻知識外溢往來交流，以促使廠商將接收之沉默知識轉化為「再投入」來提升創新成效。 二、工廠規模指標均與創新成效具高度反向相關，而研發部門的設立及充分的研發人力均顯著地正向影響創新成效。 三、透過正式契約所建構的合作網絡並非基於高度信任之創新資訊交流，而非正式的社會關係網絡合作亦僅以行銷能見度及拓展通路之合作交流為主，未能進一步有效地將之挹注於創新研發。 四、當地陶瓷產業網絡尚未形塑高度創新氛圍及環境，惟各家陶瓷工廠內部屬性卻顯著地影響其創新成效，對於促進產業創新研發而言，格外著實重要。 / Propagation, continuity, management, and innovation of knowledge become important themes in the era of the globalization and ever-changing industries. Either for taking more market shares from the fast-growing market or for more new application and new niches, approaches to competitiveness and growth are needed. Yingge ceramics awash with local traditions and a unique culture of its own has a long history of development and hence not only is a part of locals’ daily lives but also becomes the chief ceramics cluster in Taiwan. Therefore, this study looks from the view of “technical innovation” into the ceramics dealers in Yingge and discusses their trade networks and internal attributes. After analyzing the details and internal functions of the cooperation network, this study describes this network in Yingge and then looks closer into the role each industrial party plays in this network, in order to know their sources of knowledge for innovation. Next, based on the ceramics dealers’ innovative motives, external cooperation networks are classified and the dealers’ internal attributes are distinguished. Further, this study adopts a computational model to empirically discuss the correlation between efforts on innovation and effectiveness, and tries to understand the role each industrial party plays in this network and how the parties interact with one another, so as to further probe into factors affecting the said correlation. With the empirical study on Yingge ceramics, this study makes four conclusions: 1.For now, Yingge ceramics industry network is a part of grand Taipei where ceramics dealers are main momentum, but they cannot utilize the geographical intimacy to have knowledge spilled over, so that they can absorb received “tacit knowledge” for more effective innovation. 2.The scale of a factory is highly in inverse proportion to the effectiveness of innovation; the establishment of R&D is directly related to research manpower. 3.That an agreement-based cooperation network without high trust is not for innovative information sharing, and an unofficial cooperation network aims only at higher profile and more outlets, cannot lead to effective innovation 4.Although the external ceramics industry shows no innovative atmosphere and environment, internal attributes of each ceramics factory can significantly influence on the effectiveness of innovation and hence are weighty factors to industry innovation.

知識經濟時代與全球化潮流下，創新是廠商提升自我競爭力的重要途徑。創新乃原始概念到將知識商業化的一連串過程，而過去探討廠商創新的研究取向多元，研究觀點則以經濟地理學、企業管理學為主，綜合相關研究，大致可將影響廠商創新的因素歸類為三大面向：廠商內部屬性、對外網絡連結關係、廠商所處地區的環境條件。其中，創新氛圍乃是特定地區的行動者透過偕同作用及集體學習過程所產生的社會關係，提升了地區的創新能力，同時提供有利於廠商創新的環境條件，是近來區域發展的重要議題。本研究即綜合上述三大面向因素來探討廠商創新活動(研發投入與研發合作)與創新成效之影響因素。 創新氛圍理論從早期”某種東西之地方化”的探討，演變到後期關注於地方生產系統的運作是受到地區創新氛圍的影響所致；其中，創新氛圍量化指標的缺乏、探討領域的侷限，乃是本研究所要突破之處。本研究以工業區分佈情形、自然與人文界線、通勤圈範圍等原則，先將台灣地區分為46個地區分析單元，再參酌地方生產系統概念，以兩個指標：LQ大於1與製造業就業員工數大於50000人，篩選出26個地區作為研究範圍，最後以科技與傳統產業LQ大於1指標，區別出9個科技產業群聚地區、17個傳統產業群聚地區，藉以比較不同產業領域、地區發展程度不同之創新氛圍。準此，本研究以8個創新氛圍的相關指標，經過因素分析後萃取出2個創新氛圍因素：「創新綜效」、「創新成效」；藉此將台灣46個地區劃分為4種創新氛圍類型：創新氛圍、有創新無氛圍、有氛圍與創新、無創新無氛圍。 於廠商創新活動與成效實證分析方面，本研究採取兩個階段進行，分別皆以三個面向因素(廠商內部屬性、研發合作、地區創新氛圍)的影響因素來探討廠商創新活動與成效之差異。針對創新氛圍方面，於第一階段以不同產業群聚地區的虛擬變數作為隱含地區創新氛圍的概念，測試其對廠商創新活動與成效的影響，第二階段則以地區創新氛圍因素(創新綜效、創新成效)進行科技與傳統產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效之測試。整體研究結果顯示，科技產業群聚地區的廠商傾向自身的研發投入，而傳統產業群聚地區的廠商則多以研發合作居多，但科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效較佳；地區創新氛圍確實對於廠商的創新活動與成效有顯著的影響，尤其對於科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效更有顯著的貢獻；而研發合作對於廠商創新成效的影響則不如預期。因此，從基礎產業發展環境、知識設施的聚集、地區網絡的建構等方面，來促使各地區創新氛圍之形塑，將有利於地區廠商的創新，特別應加強傳統產業群聚地區的創新氛圍；此外，提倡廠商強化內部基本體質亦是促進廠商創新效率之關鍵所在。 / Under the wind of the knowledge-based economics and globalization, innovation is an important way for firms to increase their own competitiveness. Innovation is the process from original concept to business. The past researches on firm innovation branch widely, most focus on economic geography and corporation management. From those related researches, we can simplify the elements which can influence the innovation of the firm into three: firms’ inner attributes, relation of the connection to outside network, and the environment of the area which firms located. Innovation milieu is the social relationship which actors in the area could make it happen through interactions and group learning, which can advance the area’s innovation ability, and give the good environment condition for firms to innovate. Innovative milieu is the important issue in the present regional development researches, this research will integrate the three elements to discuss the influence on firms innovation activities and innovation success. The theory of the innovative milieu have transformed from discussion of “the localization of something” to focus on the relation of the work of the regional production system and the local innovative milieu. But, the lack of the quantification indicator, and the territory of the research field still need to break through, and is the focus of this research. This research divide Taiwan into 46 analysis area unit, then bring into the concept of the local production system, use two indicators to choose 26 elements as the scope of the research, and farther define 26 analysis area unit into 9 technology industry cluster area, and 17 traditional industry cluster area, to compare the differences of the industry field and the level of the development of the innovation milieu. This research take 8 innovative milieu related indexes, and compress into 2 indexes: “innovation synergy” and “innovation success” through the content analysis; this research use these two indexes to divide 46 areas of Taiwan into 4 types of innovation milieu: innovative milieu, no innovative milieu, innovation but without milieu, and milieu but without innovation. On the analysis of the firms’ innovation activities and the success, this research take two steps to discuss. At the first step, this research use the dummy variables of the different industry cluster area as the concept of the regional innovative milieu, to check the influence it could make on the firms innovation activities and the success; At the second step, this research use regional innovative milieu indexes to check the firms’ innovation success of the traditional and technology industry cluster area. The whole research shows that the firms of technology industry aggregation area are tend to invest on their own R&D, which the firms of traditional industry aggregation area often do their R&D by cooperating with others, and the innovation outcome of firms of the technology industry aggregation area is better. The regional innovative milieu has the conspicuous influence on the firms innovation activities and the success, especially to the technology industry cluster area, but the influence which the R&D cooperation could make on the innovation outcome is not good as expect. Thus, the making of the basic environment of the industry development, the aggregation of the knowledge facilities, and the build of the local network is the good impact for local firms to innovate, especially for the traditional industry aggregation area ones. At the same time, to reinforce the firms’ inner constitution is also the key to promote the firms innovation.