The lack of insight into their illness continues to be a significant barrier to treatment for people with schizophrenia. However, some people with the illness do develop insight which then results in stability and recovery from their condition. Having met the criteria of good insight, nineteen participants participated in semi-structured interviews exploring the concept of insight and recovery in the context of their personal experiences. Research design used grounded theory methodology layered with a further narrative analysis. The literature review and theoretical perspectives of care provide the context for the research, thus illuminating the known and determining what mysteries in insight development remain. Study findings revealed a Paradox of Insight within a 3-stage process of insight development: The Period of Chaos, the Dynamic Period, and the Period of Wisdom. An overarching Theory of Dangerousness explains the turning point from illness to recovery. This turning point occurs with a Trinity of Crisis. Within this theory, Four Constructions of Dangerousness explain how the meaning making of dangerousness affects recovery. Additionally, Four Types of Insight support this recovery. The importance, meaning, and relevance of study findings for recovery are the focus of the discussion. Six inter-rator focus groups affirmed the findings. Policy and practice implications are discussed, along with recommendations for further research and the acknowledgement of study limitations.

Muscle dysmorphia is a relatively new psychological disorder primarily affecting males who engage in weightlifting or bodybuilding. Individuals with this disorder are obsessed with the idea that their body is not sufficiently lean or muscular when compared to others and engage in several, risky behaviors (i.e., frequent exercise sessions, anabolic steroid use, structured diets) to increase muscularity. As obtaining and maintaining a muscular physique is so important to his or her self-worth, an individual may have little insight to how their behaviors are affecting their social and occupational lives and are reluctant to seek out psychological treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess obligation to exercise, motivation and reason to exercise, athletic identity, and behaviors of muscle dysmorphia and examine their relationship to insight and recognition of criteria for muscle dysmorphia through correlation and regression tests. Participants (N = 85) completed a series of questionnaires to assess the independent variables and were then administered two questionnaires designed for the study to assess insight to any criteria participants might be experiencing and recognition of criteria in a case vignette also designed for the study. Analyses of results showed that participants with a higher athletic identity and more behaviors of muscle dysmorphia had a higher level of insight than participants with low athletic identity and fewer behaviors of muscle dysmorphia; on the other hand, individuals with more behaviors of muscle dysmorphia had a lower recognition of criteria of muscle dysmorphia than those with fewer behaviors. These findings support the notion that individuals participating in athletics and exercises to enhance muscularity have varying levels of insight to their preoccupation with improving their body shape.

Background: The result of our interactive information society is that sales business has shifted from a tactical to a strategical focus, thus companies have had to adapt to this change. The evolution of sales shows that companies have gone from one static model to another, which is discarded by the new concept ‘insight selling’ claiming that it through insights is possible to be forceful in the, these days, rough sales climate. Purpose: The purpose of the report is to form an understanding of how insight sales affect a sales process. Research question: How does insight selling affect the B2B sales process? Methodology: Process mapping through interviews in combination with organizational documents. Findings: Insight selling affects the sales process by a clearer research mindset and a change in communication in relation to the customer.

Abstract Challenges, problems, and conflicts can be the seeds of growth, or the seeds of destruction. It seems worthwhile to develop skills for addressing and resolving life challenges in ways that promote growth. Problem solving skills are a component of any performance challenge whether athletic, academic, professional, or personal. However, the cognitive and physiological resources and processes associated with problem solving have the potential to act in ways that both enhance and inhibit effective problem solving and performance outcomes. The threat appraisal mechanism, the subconscious process of evaluating whether a challenge poses a threat, is designed to preserve the individual but can also work to interfere with an individual’s capacity for creative problem solving. Focus, a process capable of galvanizing an individual’s attention and energies toward a singular purpose, can erode performance just as powerfully by drawing energies away from performance goals. Insight into the interactions and interdependencies of underlying cognitive and physiological mechanisms and principles comprising the problem solving process would better inform the design of facilitative performance interventions for a variety of realms including business, academic, athletic, and interpersonal. The following experimental and quasi-experimental field study explored the relationship between cognitive appraisal, attentional focus, problem solving, and goal attainment. The research examined the influence that threat focus, assumption focus, goal focus and ‘integrated’ focus had upon coping strategies, cognitive stress appraisal, and performance outcome on problem solving tasks. Shifts in focus were achieved using questions designed to direct thinking. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted in the form of three separate but interrelated experiments. The first experiment compared the impact of three focusing interventions on problem solving rate and approach on a variety of insight problems. The second experiment evaluated a refined intervention against a control group on the same tasks. The final experiment applied the refined intervention within an organizational field setting and evaluated the impact of the intervention on problem solving approach and outcome when faced with challenges related to a workplace injury. Outcome was based upon correct solutions in the lab and sustainability of solutions in the field. Analysis of variance results demonstrated that the focusing intervention significantly and positively affected problem solving rate, outcome and approach in the lab and moderately and positively affected problem solving outcome and approach in a workplace setting. The research has implications for other individual, team and organizational settings suggesting that performance on a wide variety of problems may be improved by utilizing an integrated focus.

Diese Arbeit verbindet zwei Publikationen, die sich mit beeinträchtigter Krankheitseinsicht (Anosognosie) bei Patienten mit Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) befassen, sowie mit den Erfassungsmethoden und der Frage, ob Anosognosie bestimmte Bereiche besonders betrifft. Die erste Veröffentlichung stellt die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturübersicht zum Forschungsstand zu Anosognosie bei AD und zu den verschiedenen Erfassungsmethoden für die Krankheitseinsicht von AD-Patienten dar. In der zweiten Publikation sind die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zur Anosognosie bei Patienten mit leichter AD veröffentlicht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen zum einen darauf hin, dass die drei Erfassungsmethoden für Anosognosie (klinisches Urteil, Diskrepanz zwischen Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung, Diskrepanz zwischen Selbsteinschätzung und Testleistung) teils unterschiedliche Facetten der Selbsteinschätzung abbilden. Zum anderen deuten die Befunde darauf hin, dass Unterschiede zwischen den Diskrepanzen zwischen Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung in verschiedenen Symptombereichen maßgeblich auf unterschiedliche Grade der Beeinträchtigung zurückzuführen sind und nicht Ausdruck einer domänenspezifischen Ausprägung der Einsichtsfähigkeit bei AD-Patienten sind. Diese Studienergebnisse werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit im Zusammenhang mit Erklärungsansätzen für Anosognosie bei AD diskutiert.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Psychology, 2004. / Bibliography: p. 478-485. / Overview of introductory chapters -- Loevinger's conception of ego development -- How might ego stage change happen? -- Theories of sudden change -- Summary of introductory theory -- Aims of the study -- Method -- Preliminary results -- Stages 1-2: analysis of themes in stories of moments of insight -- Stage 3: analysis of story themes by ego level -- Stage 4: examining stories for evidence of ego level change -- Looking for signs of ego level change in case studies -- Case study 1: Sarah -- Case study 2: Louise -- Case study 3: Kasandra -- Case study counter example: Philip -- Revisiting three theoretical tenets of ego development -- Discussion. / Moments of insight - dramatic shifts in perspective in how a person sees him or herself or the world - may provide us with glimpses of how accelerated change might happen in Loevinger's (1976) stages of ego development. Identifying moments of insight as potentially being structural phenomena, and the marrying of them into ego development theory is original to this thesis. -- Ego development proceeds in successive stages that Loevinger described as "self-paradigms", somewhat like Kuhn's (1962) view of paradigms. If this metaphor holds, then at least sometimes, people would be expected to experience sudden, revolutionary paradigm-style changes in their stage of ego development. However only one substantial theory exists as to how stage-changes happen, and that is a theory of gradual change (Kegan, 1979), which is likely the most common form of change. A theory of sudden, revolutionary, paradigm-style change, then, would seem to address a theoretical gap in the concept of how ego development proceeds. This thesis seeks to address that gap. -- A total of 80 participants were tested in regard to their ego development level and a range of secondary measures, and invited to tell stories of their moments of insight: 15 through the medium of interviews (3 of whom became "case studies" and a fourth, a "counter example"), while 65 wrote their stories in questionnaires. -- Analysis was conducted through theoretical argument, through qualitative analysis backed by evidence from story data, and by quantitative analysis of the common themes apparent in the moment of insight stories. Criteria were developed from the data for identifying prototypical examples of moment of insight stories, and criteria for judging ego level change in transcripts were Loevinger's (1976) empirically derived stage descriptions. -- It was shown that these prototypical experiences were those most readily linked with, and potentially indicative of the connection between moments of insight and ego level advancement. The counter example case study also powerfully revealed the conflict felt, even at a high ego level, when there is no "crystallisation of integration" afforded by a moment of insight experience. -- The evidence suggests that moments of insight may indeed be times of sudden ego development change. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / xiii, 485 p

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Psychology, 2004. / Bibliography: p. 478-485.

Esta tese realiza uma aproximação ao tema dos observatórios e ouvidorias da mídia, que, situados em campos complementares, como a comunicação e a política, cada vez têm mais força e visibilidade. A partir do Observatório de Imprensa do Brasil, a Veeduria Ciudadana de Comunicación Social e o Compromiso por una Televisión de calidad na Colômbia, como estratégias selecionadas, se buscou indagar o papel que desenvolvem estes espaços no processo de democratização da informação na América Latina. Para isso, o percurso inicia com sua descrição como experiências de media criticism, ou de revisão crítica das tarefas da mídia, com cada vez mais presença no continente. Estabelecidas suas características relacionadas com o segmento das tarefas desenvolvidas pela mídia, apresentamos cada uma das experiências consideradas como objeto de estudo. Em um segundo momento, nos aproximamos do cenário político para descrever as mudanças que se sucedem em seu interior. Entre elas, se destacam um processo de ampliação da democracia e a presença da cidadania, considerada como ator fundamental. Descrito um breve percurso sobre sua história, se destaca a fluidez e autonomia como recursos que fazem possível sua presença em cenários como a mídia. A conexão entre estes dois conceitos vai se dar através do tema dos direitos, de modo específico, tanto o direito à comunicação como à informação. A partir deste panorama, utilizando o Estudo de Caso como estratégia metodológica, se realiza uma relação e o aprofundamento entre estas três experiências selecionadas. Nele se descrevem seus antecedentes, estratégias midiáticas utilizadas e, de modo particular, a presença da cidadania no seu interior. A tese fecha com uma reflexão sobre a relação entre mídia e democracia a partir dos observatórios e ouvidorias. / In this thesis, the author makes an approach toward Observatories and Media Insight Groups, both situated in complementary fields of media studies and politics and both increasingly strong and visible. The communication strategies selected were: Observatório de Imprensa from Brazil; Veeduría de Comunicación Social from Peru; and the Colombian‟s Compromiso por una Televisión de Calidad. The main purpose was to examine the role that these action fields have in the democratization of information process in Latin America.The dissertation begins by defining them as case of study and giving a description of these experiences as media criticism–or critical review of functions of the Media that has a growing presence in the continent.The second section describes the movements and changes experienced by the political arena, pointing out the expanding democracy and the growing presence of citizenship, which plays a key role. This section provides a brief historic overview of the concept of citizenship, highlighting its fluidity and autonomy. These features make its presence possible in the Media field.The connection between citizenship and Media is made possible by placing them in the field of rights of communication and information. From this standpoint, and using a Case Study as a methodological strategy, the thesis proposes a relationship and a profound study between the three selected experiences, describing its background, the use of media strategies and, in particular, the presence of citizens and citizenship.The dissertation concludes with reflections about the relationship between Media and Democracy from the perspective of Observatories and Media Insight Groups.

Esta tese realiza uma aproximação ao tema dos observatórios e ouvidorias da mídia, que, situados em campos complementares, como a comunicação e a política, cada vez têm mais força e visibilidade. A partir do Observatório de Imprensa do Brasil, a Veeduria Ciudadana de Comunicación Social e o Compromiso por una Televisión de calidad na Colômbia, como estratégias selecionadas, se buscou indagar o papel que desenvolvem estes espaços no processo de democratização da informação na América Latina. Para isso, o percurso inicia com sua descrição como experiências de media criticism, ou de revisão crítica das tarefas da mídia, com cada vez mais presença no continente. Estabelecidas suas características relacionadas com o segmento das tarefas desenvolvidas pela mídia, apresentamos cada uma das experiências consideradas como objeto de estudo. Em um segundo momento, nos aproximamos do cenário político para descrever as mudanças que se sucedem em seu interior. Entre elas, se destacam um processo de ampliação da democracia e a presença da cidadania, considerada como ator fundamental. Descrito um breve percurso sobre sua história, se destaca a fluidez e autonomia como recursos que fazem possível sua presença em cenários como a mídia. A conexão entre estes dois conceitos vai se dar através do tema dos direitos, de modo específico, tanto o direito à comunicação como à informação. A partir deste panorama, utilizando o Estudo de Caso como estratégia metodológica, se realiza uma relação e o aprofundamento entre estas três experiências selecionadas. Nele se descrevem seus antecedentes, estratégias midiáticas utilizadas e, de modo particular, a presença da cidadania no seu interior. A tese fecha com uma reflexão sobre a relação entre mídia e democracia a partir dos observatórios e ouvidorias. / In this thesis, the author makes an approach toward Observatories and Media Insight Groups, both situated in complementary fields of media studies and politics and both increasingly strong and visible. The communication strategies selected were: Observatório de Imprensa from Brazil; Veeduría de Comunicación Social from Peru; and the Colombian‟s Compromiso por una Televisión de Calidad. The main purpose was to examine the role that these action fields have in the democratization of information process in Latin America.The dissertation begins by defining them as case of study and giving a description of these experiences as media criticism–or critical review of functions of the Media that has a growing presence in the continent.The second section describes the movements and changes experienced by the political arena, pointing out the expanding democracy and the growing presence of citizenship, which plays a key role. This section provides a brief historic overview of the concept of citizenship, highlighting its fluidity and autonomy. These features make its presence possible in the Media field.The connection between citizenship and Media is made possible by placing them in the field of rights of communication and information. From this standpoint, and using a Case Study as a methodological strategy, the thesis proposes a relationship and a profound study between the three selected experiences, describing its background, the use of media strategies and, in particular, the presence of citizens and citizenship.The dissertation concludes with reflections about the relationship between Media and Democracy from the perspective of Observatories and Media Insight Groups.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-02T21:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaBorbaVilarGuimaraes_DISSERT.pdf: 2269999 bytes, checksum: 37cdfb401816cf39b2f4a7c7da61a615 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-05T20:45:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaBorbaVilarGuimaraes_DISSERT.pdf: 2269999 bytes, checksum: 37cdfb401816cf39b2f4a7c7da61a615 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T20:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaBorbaVilarGuimaraes_DISSERT.pdf: 2269999 bytes, checksum: 37cdfb401816cf39b2f4a7c7da61a615 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo objetivou ampliar a compreens?o acerca dos processos de insight no Transtorno de Asperger (TA). Entende-se por insight o conhecimento do pr?prio diagn?stico e os sentidos constru?dos a partir deste. O desenvolvimento do insight ? aqui compreendido n?o como fun??o da vida mental pessoal, mas como fen?meno intersubjetivo, forjado nas rela??es sociais. O arcabou?o te?rico que subsidia a presente pesquisa ? a perspectiva gen?tica de desenvolvimento avan?ada pela psicologia hist?rico-cultural. Nesta perspectiva, ressaltam-se os processos de constru??o de sentido, considerando para tanto a inser??o hist?rico-cultural do sujeito e suas viv?ncias. Assim, para o estudo defende-se que o entendimento sobre ?como ? ser Asperger? precisa ir al?m da considera??o dos aspectos cognitivos compartilhados socialmente sobre esta condi??o cl?nica. Torna-se indispens?vel o esfor?o de compreens?o dos sentidos e viv?ncias destes sujeitos sobre sua condi??o e do mundo que os cerca. Diante disso, t?m-se o construto de insight como fen?meno complexo que demanda investiga??o ampla e aprofundada. Buscando atingir os objetivos avan?ados pelo estudo, foram propostas atividades em tr?s etapas que investigaram aspectos relacionados ?s experi?ncias asperger. Primeiramente, foi realizada a produ??o de uma narrativa acerca da quest?o que norteia o estudo: ?Como ? ter TA??. Como estrat?gia facilitadora da produ??o narrativa, recorreu-se ? media??o de um personagem alien?gena para o qual eles deveriam produzir uma narrativa que possibilitasse o entendimento da experi?ncia asperger, pois este seria de outro planeta e n?o saberia nada sobre o TA. Ap?s essa etapa, foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada objetivando investigar aspectos relacionados ao conhecimento formal que os sujeitos t?m do TA. Em sequ?ncia, foi proposta nova atividade com dois objetivos complementares, a saber, a capacidade de identifica??o de caracter?sticas do TA em terceiros, que por sua vez, serviu de facilitador para o segundo objetivo que foi a produ??o de sentidos para as pr?prias viv?ncias dos sujeitos em rela??o ao TA. Participaram do estudo tr?s sujeitos entre 15 e 20, selecionados por conveni?ncia, com diagn?stico pr?vio de TA e com conhecimento deste h? pelo menos cinco anos, tempo este considerado suficiente para a constru??o de significados e sentidos sob a condi??o do diagn?stico cl?nico. Tamb?m participaram seus respectivos pais, que realizaram tamb?m as mesmas etapas da pesquisa que seus filhos, mas foram convocados a respond?-las como se fossem estes. Como resultados observou-se que eles produziram narrativas sobre o diagn?stico de TA e que em suas conceptualiza??es estiveram presentes diversos elementos reconhecidamente presentes em discursos cient?ficos e da m?dia sobre o diagn?stico. Quanto ao sentido do TA para eles, observou-se novamente a presen?a de discursos da m?dia, mas principalmente foram vistas diversas aproxima??es entre o discurso destes e de seus pais. Assim, foi observado que a constitui??o do discurso sobre o pr?prio diagn?stico para os indiv?duos com TA teve grande influ?ncia dos discursos sociais, principalmente de pessoas mais pr?ximas. Os resultados sugerem que uma caracter?stica dos processos de insight no TA pode ser descrita como disrup??o na transi??o de um modo monol?gico para um dial?gico de pensamento. Acredita-se que os resultados aqui encontrados contribuem para a compreens?o da singularidade da exist?ncia e da experi?ncia subjetiva. / The present study aimed expand the comprehension about the processes of insight in the Asperger?s Disorder (AD). Insight can be understood as the knowledge one has about his diagnosis and the meaning constructed from it. The development of insight is taken not as a personal mental function, but as a intersubjective phenomenon, forged in social relations. The study has its basis on the theoretical framework of Historical?cultural psychology with focus in the genetical development perspective. As a central feature of this perspective are the processes of meaning construction, considering the social-cultural insertion of the individual and his experiences. Thereby, the study advocates that the understanding of ?what it is like to be an Asperger? has to go beyond the socially shared idea of cognitive disruption as only features of this condition. The effort of comprehending meanings and experiences of these individuals becomes imperative. Therefore, the insight phenomena emerges as a complex construct, demanding a deep and broad research. In order to achieve the study goals, activities to investigate the Asperger experience were proposed in three steps. First, it was produced a narrative surrounding the central question that guides the study: ?what is it like to have asperger?s??. A mediation strategy was used as facilitating tool to the narrative production. It involved an alien character to whom the participants should talk to, explaining the asperger experience, since they came from a planet where there was no such thing. After the initial production, an semi-structured interview was used aiming to investigate aspects regarding the formal knowledge they had of the diagnosis. In sequence, another activity was proposed intending to investigate their ability to identify AD characteristics in others and, at the same time, facilitating the access and production os meaning to their own experiences towards the diagnosis. Three individuals with ages between 15 and 20 years old participated of the study, selected by convenience. They all had a previous diagnosis of AD and had knowledge of it since at least 5 years. That was considered enough time to the construction of meanings about the diagnosis. Also participated in the study their respective parents, who took part in the same investigation steps as their subjects and responded as if they were those. Results showed that they produced narratives about their AD diagnosis and that in their discourse there were many elements notedly present in the media and scientific material. As of the meanings surrounding the diagnosis, is was noted that media elements were also present, but specially approximations were seen between their and their parents perceptions. Therefore, it was noted that the discourse constitution about their own diagnosis for the AD individuals had many influences of the social discourses, notedly of closest people. The results sugest that a characteristic os the processes of insight in AD can be described as a disruption in the transition from a monologic to a dialogic way of thinking. It I believed that the results here exposed can contribute to the comprehension of the singularity of the existence and subjective experience of these individuals.