Eating disorders (EDs) are strikingly common among American adults. Past research has indicated that athletes in general are particularly vulnerable to developing EDs due to media pressure, athletic drive, and the population’s proclivity to perfectionism. Most ED research, both in athletic and non-athletic populations, is female-focused, as women are more likely to develop EDs. However, men are still susceptible to develop EDs and are understudied. Links between lack of autonomy and EDs exist in familial settings, but have yet to be applied in organizational settings. This quantitative thesis sought to bridge a research gap by assessing ED levels in male NCAA Division 1 athletes and examining the relationships with perceived levels of concertive, institutional, and simple control present in athletic settings. Findings indicated that although athletes perceived different forms of control in their sport, these forms of control did not negatively affect their eating habits. Implications and direction for future research are explored.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-14T19:15:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-RosangelaSouza.pdf: 2055784 bytes, checksum: d4a5e5fea9e5e63d2c9b053d73fc3a89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T19:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-RosangelaSouza.pdf: 2055784 bytes, checksum: d4a5e5fea9e5e63d2c9b053d73fc3a89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / A literatura antropológica considera que a gravidez na adolescência é vivida de formas múltiplas. Os contextos sociais definem universos de possibilidades e significados diferentes. O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar as imbricações das instituições sociais, o impacto cultural eeconômico em Pólos de Desenvolvimento e as repercussões da gravidez na adolescência no cotidiano de mulheres jovens de Nossa Senhora do Ó, situado no pólo de desenvolvimento de Ipojuca, Pernambuco. Foram utilizados, como instrumento de coleta de dados, questionários, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre junho de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Como argumento central defendemos que: as trajetórias reprodutivas das adolescentes/jovens são ressignificadas, reelaborando habitus, em virtude das mudanças macro-econômicas e culturais ocorridas em Pólos de Desenvolvimento com destaque para os controles institucionais. Esse argumento será corroborado com base nos discursos femininos sobre: (1) ação das instituições sociais; (2)trajetórias de trabalho; (3) mudanças decorrentes da gravidez e (4) significados da gravidez em suas histórias de vida. Ressalta-se que as ressignifações das trajetórias reprodutivas discursadas pelo grupo necessariamente parecem ainda transitar mais no ideário e menos na rotina material e simbólica do grupo. Aqui, é crucial a elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas para as mulheres residentes em Pólos de Desenvolvimento no país. Espera-se que o presente trabalho traga contribuições para o desenvolvimento de mais estudos e pesquisa que enfoquem as relações entre mulher e desenvolvimento econômico. / Anthropological literature considers that adolescent pregnancy is experienced in many ways. The social contexts define universes of possibilities and different meanings. The goal of this thesis isto investigate overlaps of social institutions, economic and cultural impact in development poles, and the implications of teenage pregnancy in the daily life of young women of Nossa Senhora do Ó, located in the development pole of Suape in Ipojuca, Pernambuco. Instruments of data collection include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation. The field research was done between June 2011 and January 2012. As the central argument, we propose that: the reproductive trajectories ofadolescents/young people are ressignified, in accordance with the macro-economic and cultural changes happening in the development poles, withspecial emphasis on the institutional controls which contribute to the reelaboration of the habitus. This argument will be examined on the basis of the feminine discourse on: (1) the action ofthe social institutions; (2) work trajectories; (3) changes, arising from pregnancy and (4) meanings of pregnancy in their life histories. It is worthy to mention that the meaning changes of the reproductive trajectories reported by the group necessarily still seem to transit more in the ideal scope and less on the material and symbolic routines of the group. Here, the development and implementation of public policies for women is crucial for those who reside in poles of development in the country. It is expected that this work can bring contributions to the development of more studies and research that focus on the relations between women and economic development.

Institutional control of intercollegiate athletics has been a core issue throughout the history of the NCAA. Institutional control is defined generally as the governance and ultimate responsibility for the proper running of an intercollegiate athletics program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the issues of institutional control over the history of the NCAA system, using various major, external reviews of the system and recommendations for reform as reference points. The study employed an Eastonian political systems analysis to examine persistent issues in institutional control of intercollegiate athletics and the different types of demands on the system since its formation. The NCAA was initially formed in response to the physical violence inherent in football. The Association was created as a voluntary national association with local control left in the hands of individual member institutions. Member institutions have control over their own programs (to run them in accordance with the institutional mission, vision, goals, and finances). The NCAA was created to maintain balance. When issues get out of balance, the NCAA provides leadership and the local gatekeepers usually follow that lead. In order for a nationally based system with mostly local control to persist, there must be balance. The most realistic system equilibrium for the NCAA is to have academics and athletics in balance. Without such balance, the legitimacy of the institutions themselves is in question. Normally, institutional presidents act as local gatekeepers, identifying their own issues for review. Now, the Board of Directors is acting as a group of system gatekeepers, allowing certain demands entry into the system, modifying and combining those demands, and identifying issues and plans for system response. The Board is working to address the issues in intercollegiate athletics and maintain a balance between the conflicting pressures. They are reviewing the issues and shaping system reform. The current system of athletics administration is basically a sound one and with some changes and efforts, institutional control can be achieved and maintained. If history is any guide, the system will follow through on enough of the reform agenda to maintain dynamic equilibrium in the system.

O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho do Tribunal de Contas da União no que diz respeito ao controle do uso de recursos públicos federais. Mais especificamente buscou estimar o impacto de variáveis políticas e institucionais sobre a probabilidade das contas de unidades jurisdicionadas pelo TCU serem fiscalizadas e julgadas por irregularidade das contas. Considerando os limites impostos por seu desenho institucional, além da análise descritiva dos dados, modelos de dois estágios (modelo de Heckman) foram aplicados para evitar o viés de seleção provocado pelo fato de que nem todos os jurisdicionados pelo Tribunal de Contas são fiscalizados. Os resultados indicam que variáveis ligadas ao perfil político e técnico dos ministros são menos importantes para explicar a variação de desempenho do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparadas a variáveis institucionais ligadas ao tipo de iniciativa que provocou a fiscalização. Tal resultado contraria duas expectativas presentes em grande parte da literatura especializada, segundo as quais o perfil dos dirigentes do TCU e a coordenação do TCU com outras instituições seriam os fatores explicativos chaves para o padrão de desempenho da instituição. Ao contrário, os resultados sustentam a hipótese de que o sucesso da instituição no que se refere a identificar contas irregulares está mais associado ao empenho dos próprios integrantes do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparado às provocações de outras instituições autorizadas a solicitar fiscalização. / This study analyzes the performance of the Brazilian Federal Audit Court with regard to the control of federal public values. More specifically it sought to estimate the impact of political and institutional variables on the probability of the jurisdictional units accounted by TCU are audited and judged from irregular accounts. When considering the limits imposed by TCUs institutional design, in addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, two-stage models (Heckman model) were applied to avoid selection bias caused by the fact that not all the jurisdictional units are monitored. The results indicate that variables related to political and technical profile of the ministers are less important in explaining the variation in performance of the Court of Auditors, than institutional variables related to the type of initiative that triggered the inspection. This result contradicts the expectation of the literature according to which the composition of TCU\'s leaderships and coordination between TCU and other institutions would be the key factors to explain the standard performance of the institution. Rather, the results support the hypothesis that the success of the institution regarding to identify irregular accounts is more associated with the members efforts of the Court of Auditors, if compared to the initiative of other institutions authorized to request supervision.

O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho do Tribunal de Contas da União no que diz respeito ao controle do uso de recursos públicos federais. Mais especificamente buscou estimar o impacto de variáveis políticas e institucionais sobre a probabilidade das contas de unidades jurisdicionadas pelo TCU serem fiscalizadas e julgadas por irregularidade das contas. Considerando os limites impostos por seu desenho institucional, além da análise descritiva dos dados, modelos de dois estágios (modelo de Heckman) foram aplicados para evitar o viés de seleção provocado pelo fato de que nem todos os jurisdicionados pelo Tribunal de Contas são fiscalizados. Os resultados indicam que variáveis ligadas ao perfil político e técnico dos ministros são menos importantes para explicar a variação de desempenho do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparadas a variáveis institucionais ligadas ao tipo de iniciativa que provocou a fiscalização. Tal resultado contraria duas expectativas presentes em grande parte da literatura especializada, segundo as quais o perfil dos dirigentes do TCU e a coordenação do TCU com outras instituições seriam os fatores explicativos chaves para o padrão de desempenho da instituição. Ao contrário, os resultados sustentam a hipótese de que o sucesso da instituição no que se refere a identificar contas irregulares está mais associado ao empenho dos próprios integrantes do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparado às provocações de outras instituições autorizadas a solicitar fiscalização. / This study analyzes the performance of the Brazilian Federal Audit Court with regard to the control of federal public values. More specifically it sought to estimate the impact of political and institutional variables on the probability of the jurisdictional units accounted by TCU are audited and judged from irregular accounts. When considering the limits imposed by TCUs institutional design, in addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, two-stage models (Heckman model) were applied to avoid selection bias caused by the fact that not all the jurisdictional units are monitored. The results indicate that variables related to political and technical profile of the ministers are less important in explaining the variation in performance of the Court of Auditors, than institutional variables related to the type of initiative that triggered the inspection. This result contradicts the expectation of the literature according to which the composition of TCU\'s leaderships and coordination between TCU and other institutions would be the key factors to explain the standard performance of the institution. Rather, the results support the hypothesis that the success of the institution regarding to identify irregular accounts is more associated with the members efforts of the Court of Auditors, if compared to the initiative of other institutions authorized to request supervision.