Det här konsumtionsarbetet sammanfattar olika matematiksvårigheter som kan finnas hos elever och metoder för hur svårigheterna kan upptäckas av lärare, samt undervisningsstrategier att använda sig av för lärare i mötet med dessa elever i gymnasieskolan. Strategierna kan användas i ett inkluderande klassrum och gynnar därmed inte bara elever i matematiksvårigheter utan även elever utanför. Syftet med arbetet är att erbjuda verksamma lärare en sammanställning av svårigheter, hur dessa kan identifieras samt kompenserande undervisningsstrategier från aktuell forskning som berör elever på gymnasienivå då författarna anser att detta är en kunskapslucka som bör fyllas. Resultatet visade på att matematiksvårigheter hos elever kan variera och att dessa kan upptäckas av läraren med hjälp av att läraren ger eleverna chansen att visa upp vad de har för kunskapsluckor i kombination med felanalys. Resultatet visade också att en omfattande mängd strategier finns att tillgå för att bemöta elever i matematiksvårigheters behov i det inkluderande klassrummet. I diskussionen diskuteras tänkbara anledningar till varför matematiksvårigheter än idag lever kvar i klassrummet trots det rika utbud av kompenserande strategier som finns. Slutsatsen är att det finns många olika typer av strategier tillgängliga för läraren att skapa förutsättningar för alla elever att nå matematisk framgång. / This literature overview summarizes different types of mathematical difficulties that may exist among students as well as methods that teachers can use in order to discover these difficulties and instructional strategies to implement while teaching these students. The strategies can be used in an including classroom, meaning that they do not only profit students experiencing mathematical difficulties, but other students as well. The purpose of the overview is to offer teachers a summary of difficulties and how these can be identified as well as compensating instructional strategies from recent research considering students at upper secondary level, as the authors consider this to be a gap in knowledge that has to be attended to. The result showed that the mathematical difficulties among students can vary and that these can be discovered by the teacher by giving the students a chance to display misconceptions combined with the usage of error analysis. The result further showed that there is a great quantity of different instructional strategies that can be used to accommodate the needs of students in mathematical difficulties in the including classroom. In the discussion section, possible reasons for why mathematical difficulties still exist in the classroom even though compensating instructional strategies are available, is discussed. The conclusion is drawn, that there are a lot of strategies available for teachers which makes it possible for them to create conditions that let all students reach mathematical success.

The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of primary school teachers’ knowledge of Inquiry- and Context-Based Science Education (IC-BaSE) from different perspectives: what it is, how to use it and why these strategies are used. There are at least two reasons for performing research in this field. First, there is a need for professional development in teaching science among primary school teachers. Second, IC-BaSE has been suggested to provide useful instructional strategies for stimulating students’ interests in learning science. The thesis contains four papers with the overall research question: How do primary school teachers reflect on Inquiry- and Context-based Science Education as a framework for teaching and learning in the primary school classroom? Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used. The main participants in the studies were twelve primary school teachers working with 10-12 year old students. The results are discussed with reference to theories mainly based on pragmatism, but also from a sociocultural perspective. Primary school teachers found IC-BaSE to provide useful instructional strategies in the primary school classroom, as it engaged their students and developed their skills in planning inquiries. The teachers developed their knowledge about IC-BaSE, what it is and how to use it.  Furthermore, the primary purpose of using IC-BaSE seemed to be that students should have fun. Students also responded positive to the use of IC-BaSE. However when teachers were informed about their students’ responses to IC-BaSE, they became more aware of the importance of informing the students about the purposes of the activities. The findings presented show that teachers need to move forward, not only be “doing”, but also knowing why they are doing the activities and how to do them. Students’ experiences can contribute to this awareness among teachers and develop the teaching practice. / Inquiry- and context-based science education (IC-BaSE) have been suggested as useful, stimulating students´ interests in learning science. The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of primary school teachers’ knowledge of IC-BaSE from different perspectives: what it is, how to use it and why these strategies are used. The results are discussed with reference to theories mainly based on pragmatism, but also from a sociocultural perspective. The findings show that primary school teachers found IC-BaSE useful in the primary school classroom, as it engaged their students and developed their skills in planning inquiries. Students´ experiences of IC-BaSE are included and show positive responses to the use of these strategies. However, when teachers were informed about their students’ responses, they became more aware of the importance of informing the students about the purposes of the activities, and to reflect on why they themselves choose IC-BaSE as instructional strategies. The findings presented show that teachers need to move forward, not only be “doing”, but also knowing why they are doing the activities and how to do them. Students’ experiences can contribute to this awareness among teachers and develop the teaching practice.

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Presenters will share instructional strategies that can enhance academic content and efficiently address the academic needs of diverse learners by demonstrating how these approaches can be (a) used with all ages and abilities levels, (b) applied to a wide variety of content, and (c) easily integrated into a co-taught setting.

Presenters will discuss the academic and health-related importance of teaching skills-based health education, and will provide attendees with hands-on activities that can be used to teach four of the eight National Health Education Standards: interpersonal communication, decision-making, goal-setting, and practicing health-enhancing behaviors.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to identify and examine the technology-based instructional strategies and digital tools being used by teachers in grades 3-5 that engage children in problem-solving learning opportunities. The study included 11 purposely sampled participants from a school district in East Tennessee who responded to questions during a Zoom interview. Seven of the participants submitted artifacts to provide examples of how they have incorporated technology and problem solving in their classrooms. Participants provided information about the digital tools and technology-based instructional strategies they have used to enrich problem solving in their classrooms. Participants in the study communicated using group work as a primary instructional strategy when integrating technology to enrich problem solving. The participants discussed student engagement, creativity, real-world connections, and technology exposure for students when sharing their perceptions about how digital tools can enhance problem solving. When explaining how technology integration has adapted their curriculum, they shared how they use technology to provide quick feedback and differentiation. The researcher used Magana’s (2017) T3 Framework to code each example of technology as a translational, transformational, or transcendent use of technology and shared some examples of each.

Homeschooling has become a viable educational choice for families; however, limited research has been conducted on the instructional strategies homeschooling parents use to instruct their children and whether these reflect a learner-centered teaching approach. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the learner-centered instructional strategies homeschooling parents use to teach their children mathematics. The conceptual framework for this single-case study was based on Weimer's learner-centered teaching model. Participants included 4 parents who homeschooled students in Grades 6-12 in a Western state and who received instructional support from a private school. Data were collected from interviews with homeschooling parents, online reflective journals maintained by homeschooling parents, and documents related to the homeschooling mathematics program. Data analysis included coding and examining emerging themes and patterns and discrepant data. The results indicated that the homeschooling parents aligned only a small amount of their instructional strategies with Weimer's learner-centered teaching model by trying to make mathematics fun, interesting, and relevant to their children's lives. They also differentiated instruction and chose curriculum that included some critical-thinking problems. The homeschooling parents taught using more traditional methods in which they were the primary instructors and made most of the decisions about the instructional content. The results of this study can contribute to positive social change by aiding curriculum designers and educators in their exploration of learner-centered and other instructional strategies they can use to design curriculum and instruct their students.

This study explored instructional strategies that teachers in multilingual mathematics classrooms use to support the development of mathematical proficiency in algebra. The need for improvement of mathematics matriculation results in many multilingual schools is a well accepted concern in South Africa. The research method used was two case studies. In one case, the teacher shared a home language with all the learners. In the other case, the teacher did not share a home language with most of the learners. Data collected revealed that the teachers used language strategies as well as other strategies that would be used in any other mathematics classroom. These strategies were: Interactive Instruction; Scaffolding; Multiple Representations; Code-Switching and Language Modes. The data further revealed that the strategies were not used in isolation but in different combinations as needed, to support the learners.

The study examined faculty members’ and graduate students’ perceptions of multicultural education and to ascertain which demographic factors had the most influence on participants’ perceptions. This study also examined whether there were any significant differences between faculty members’ and graduate students’ perceptions of the concept. Validity of the quantitative instruments was determined by a panel of experts. Internal consistency and reliability was calculated using factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and test/retest reliability. A mixed method research design was used in this study which included a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The surveys were completed by 313 graduate students and 48 faculty members, while 10 faculty members and 13 graduate students participated in semi-structured interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the quantitative data and the qualitative data collected were transcribed, coded and analyzed. The findings showed that faculty members and graduate students exhibited a positive perception of multicultural education and that there were some significant differences between faculty members’ and graduate students’ perceptions of the concept. The results also showed that no demographic variables had an impact on faculty members’ perceptions while race and department had an impact on graduate students’ perceptions. The findings also revealed that faculty members believed that faculty bore the most responsibility for integrating multicultural education in the classroom.The study showed that a combination of instructional strategies was used to infuse multicultural education in their courses and no formal evaluations were used to assess whether graduate students were receptive to the multicultural content being taught. Faculty indicated that they received little support from their department heads and college administrators to apply multicultural initiatives. Moreover, a number of factors motivated faculty members’ efforts to teach about multicultural education and these included traveling to foreign countries, learning about multiculturalism during their graduate studies and having an interest in the topic. Lastly, recommendations for further research and recommendations for the College of Education were presented in this study.

The purpose of this study was to explore the stories of identified, effective middle school teachers as they experienced changes in instructional strategies and practices as a result of an identified crisis, COVID-19. Although there has been little documentation in the literature specifically regarding adapting instructional strategies and practices as a result of crises, crisis management, change theory, mindset theory, adaptation, and teacher effectiveness characteristics became the framework through which to interpret the data. Data collection strategies included one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with a total of eight participants, two principals and six teachers, who met specific research participation criteria. Analysis of data occurred in three phases: (a) categorization of data under themes, (b) building the explanation of data in narrative form, and (c) re-examination of the data. Triangulation of data protected the credibility of the analysis by corroboration of teacher interviews with principal interviews, reflexivity, audit trail, and member checking. The results revealed that crisis management, change theory, mindset theory, and teacher effectiveness impacted the teachers’ adaptations of instructional strategies and practices during the pandemic. The results showed an interconnectedness of themes and the ways in which one impacted another. Seven themes emerged from the analysis of data, including: (1) commitment, (2) collaboration, (3) mindset, (4) teacher effectiveness, (5) supportive culture, (6) engagement challenges, and (7) learning gaps.