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This report presents the steps for the construction of an instrument to asses practical intelligence -tacit knowledge- based on Sternberg´s theory (Sternberg et al., 2000). The process had different stages and different instruments were used. The first step was the detection of critical incidents starting from in depth-interviews to 25 cadets who were in a military training. The second consisted on the administration of the first version of the instrument (CTLM) to 150 freshman military officers. This version was designed taking into account the critical incidents identified in step one. In the third step 10 military officers (experts in military training) gathered in a focus group, assessed the quality of the tacit knowledge items. In the last stage, key answers were designed for optimal incident resolution, taking into account officers’ criteria and cadets’ answers to pilot version of the instrument. / En este estudio se presentan los pasos para la construcción de un instrumento para evaluar la inteligencia práctica –conocimiento tácito- basado en la teoría de R. Sternberg (Sternberg et al., 2000). Para ello se trabajó en diferentes etapas y con distintos instrumentos.La primera fue la detección de incidentes críticos a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas a 25 cadetes que realizan un programa de entrenamiento combinado académico/militar. La segunda consistió en la aplicación del instrumento piloto (CTLM) a 150 oficiales militares, egresados recientes, construido a partir de los incidentes críticos detectados. La tercera consistió en la evaluación de la calidad de los ítems mediante la técnica de focus group por parte de 10 oficiales instructores -expertos a cargo de la formación de cadetes. En la cuarta fase se diseñaron los tipos de respuestas esperadas para la resolución del incidente, según el criterio de los oficiales instructores y las respuestas específicas de los cadetes a la versión piloto del instrumento CTLM.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 analuisamarlierecasela.pdf: 1727782 bytes, checksum: d560e20fd88b613803bcf8fcea0c71ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Introdução: A criação de uma medida de avaliação da atitude acerca do uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas para educadores faz-se importante à medida que pode auxiliar no aperfeiçoamento dos programas de capacitação destes profissionais e na consequente qualidade de suas ações, através da avaliação da mudança de suas atitudes. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o objetivo geral do presente estudo consiste em desenvolver uma escala que avalie a atitude de educadores frente ao uso de drogas fundamentada na Psicologia Social Cognitiva. Metodologia: Com intuito de realizar o objetivo proposto, o estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. Primeiramente realizou-se a construção do instrumento, para esta construção seguiu-se as normas para desenvolvimento de instrumentos educacionais e psicológicos “Standart for Educational and Psychological Testing”: 1) primeiramente realizou-se a seleção dos instrumentos; 2) adaptação temática e adaptação métrica dos itens; 3) matriciamento dos itens; 4) avaliação dos especialistas, 5) avaliação do juiz; 6) grupo focal e, por fim, 8) pré-teste. Na segunda etapa do estudo, a Escala de Atitudes de Educadores sobre Uso de Drogas foi aplicada em 2766 educadores de escolas públicas, com o objetivo de verificar suas propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: Após a realização dos procedimentos necessários para a construção da escala, obteve-se um instrumento com 39 itens, que foram aplicados nos profissionais e apresentou evidências de validade satisfatórias. Após a análise fatorial por componentes principais, oito itens foram eliminados na escala. A nova escala apresentou 31 itens, que através da análise fatorial confirmatória e Teoria de Resposta ao Item, foram divididos em duas escalas. Uma escala que mede os aspectos cognitivos da atitude, composta por 16 itens, e uma escala dos aspectos afetivos da atitude, composta por 15 itens. Apesar da dificuldade de avaliar a dimensão afetiva da atitude, principalmente pelo fato da desejabilidade social dos respondentes, a escala apresentou resultados satisfatórios quantos suas propriedades psicométricas, indicando o seu uso para a população de educadores. Conclusão: Apesar das limitações, o estudo avança a medida que consegue avaliar se forma satisfatória a dimensão cognitiva e afetiva da atitude. Aspectos essenciais para uma melhor elaboração das práticas de prevenção do uso de drogas no contexto escolar, uma vez que a escola é ambiente estratégico dessas ações com as crianças e os adolescente / Introduction: Developing a measure to assess the attitude about the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs for educators is important since it can help professionals attending training programs and the consequent quality in the assessment of change in their attitudes. Objective: In this sense, the general objective of this study is to develop a scale to assess the attitude of teachers towards the use of drugs based on the Social Cognitive Psychology. Methodology: In order to accomplish the proposed objective, the study was divided into two stages. First there was the construction of the instrument, following the "Standard for Educational and Psychological Testing": 1) First there was the selection of existing instruments; 2) thematic adaptation and metric adaptation of items from those instruments; 3) dimension allocation of items; 4) evaluation of experts, 5) evaluation of the judge; 6) focus group, and finally, 8) pre-test. In the second stage of the study, Drug Use on Educators' Attitude Scale was applied to 2766 educators from public schools, in order to verify its psychometric properties. Results: Upon completion of the necessary procedures for the construction of the scale, we obtained an instrument with 39 items, which were applied in teachers and presented satisfactory validity of evidence. After principal component analysis, eight items were eliminated from scale. The new version comprised 31 items, which through confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, evidenced the two dimension scale: A scale that measures the cognitive aspects of attitude consisting of 16 items, and a range of affective aspects of attitude, composed of 15 items. However difficult to assess the affective dimension of attitude, especially because social desirability of respondents, the scale showed satisfactory results how its psychometric properties, indicating its use for the population of educators. Conclusion: Despite the limitations, the field progresses as the cognitive and affective dimension of attitude can be assessed satisfactorily and it is essential for better preparation of the practices of prevention of drug use in the school context, since the school is strategic environment of these actions with children and teenagers.

Trata-se de uma investigação de desenvolvimento metodológico cujo objetivo foi construir e validar um instrumento para medir a satisfação da comunicação do paciente após a laringectomia total e avaliar a qualidade de vida deste, através do instrumento validado por Sawada (2002). A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em procedimentos teóricos, empíricos e analíticos propostos por Pasquali (1998) para a elaboração de instrumentos psicométricos e da comunicação (Berlo, 1979). O instrumento foi submetido à análise da adequação semântica e conceitual dos itens, por três peritos, seguido do pré-teste. Os procedimentos empíricos compreenderam a aplicação do mesmo a uma amostra de 52 laringectomizados, entre julho de 2002 a janeiro de 2003, realizadas no GARPO–Laringectomizado, Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os analíticos compreenderam a análise da validade do construto (análise fatorial com extração de 15 fatores) e da confiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach total de 0,97 e nos domínios, variando de 0,95 a 0,96). Este estudo resultou na criação de um instrumento composto por 94 itens e dois domínios, com índices de confiabilidade altamente satisfatórios. Os resultados revelam a importância do método de vocalização atualmente utilizado e avaliado pelo próprio indivíduo. Para os laringectomizados que utilizam a voz de bochecho, os gestos/mímica labial e escrita, como forma de comunicação alaringeal, a boa qualidade de vida não é sinônimo de boa satisfação da comunicação atual. Entretanto os que utilizam a prótese traqueoesofágica forneceram dados que mostram que a boa qualidade de vida é sinônimo de boa satisfação da comunicação atual. Contudo, os estudos sobre mensuração da satisfação da comunicação do paciente após a laringectomia total ainda são incipientes em nosso meio e esta investigação pode ser entendida como um ponto de partida para outras dessa natureza. / This methodological development study aimed to construct and validate a scale to measure satisfaction levels with patients’ communication after total laryngectomy and to evaluate their quality of life, through the scale validated by Sawada (2002). The applied methodology was based on theoretical, empirical and analytical procedures proposed by Pasquali (1998) for elaborating psychometric and communication scales (Berlo, 1979). The scale was submitted to an analysis of the items’ semantic and conceptual adequacy, carried out by 3 experts, followed by a pretest. Empirical procedures covered the application of this scale to a sample of 52 laryngectomized patients, from July 2002 to January 2003, realized at the GARPO–Laryngectomized patients, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. Analytical procedures included construct validity analysis (factorial analysis with extraction of 15 factors) and reliability analysis (total Cronbach’s Alpha 0,97 and varying from 0,95 to 0,96 in the dominions). This study resulted in the creation of a scale that consists of 94 items and 2 dominions, with highly satisfactory reliability rates. Results disclose the importance of the vocalization method that is currently used and evaluated by the proper individual. The laryngectomized patients who use voice the mouth, gestures/lip mimics and writing as a form of alaryngeal communication do not consider good quality of life as synonymous with high satisfaction with current communication. Patients who use tracheo-esophageal prosthesis, on the other hand, supplied data indicating that good quality of life is synonymous with high satisfaction with current communication. However, studies measuring satisfaction with patients’ communication after total laryngectomy are still in an initial stage in our area. This research can be considered a starting point for other studies of this kind.

Trata-se de uma investigação de desenvolvimento metodológico cujo objetivo foi construir e validar um instrumento para medir a satisfação da comunicação do paciente após a laringectomia total e avaliar a qualidade de vida deste, através do instrumento validado por Sawada (2002). A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em procedimentos teóricos, empíricos e analíticos propostos por Pasquali (1998) para a elaboração de instrumentos psicométricos e da comunicação (Berlo, 1979). O instrumento foi submetido à análise da adequação semântica e conceitual dos itens, por três peritos, seguido do pré-teste. Os procedimentos empíricos compreenderam a aplicação do mesmo a uma amostra de 52 laringectomizados, entre julho de 2002 a janeiro de 2003, realizadas no GARPO–Laringectomizado, Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os analíticos compreenderam a análise da validade do construto (análise fatorial com extração de 15 fatores) e da confiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach total de 0,97 e nos domínios, variando de 0,95 a 0,96). Este estudo resultou na criação de um instrumento composto por 94 itens e dois domínios, com índices de confiabilidade altamente satisfatórios. Os resultados revelam a importância do método de vocalização atualmente utilizado e avaliado pelo próprio indivíduo. Para os laringectomizados que utilizam a voz de bochecho, os gestos/mímica labial e escrita, como forma de comunicação alaringeal, a boa qualidade de vida não é sinônimo de boa satisfação da comunicação atual. Entretanto os que utilizam a prótese traqueoesofágica forneceram dados que mostram que a boa qualidade de vida é sinônimo de boa satisfação da comunicação atual. Contudo, os estudos sobre mensuração da satisfação da comunicação do paciente após a laringectomia total ainda são incipientes em nosso meio e esta investigação pode ser entendida como um ponto de partida para outras dessa natureza. / This methodological development study aimed to construct and validate a scale to measure satisfaction levels with patients’ communication after total laryngectomy and to evaluate their quality of life, through the scale validated by Sawada (2002). The applied methodology was based on theoretical, empirical and analytical procedures proposed by Pasquali (1998) for elaborating psychometric and communication scales (Berlo, 1979). The scale was submitted to an analysis of the items’ semantic and conceptual adequacy, carried out by 3 experts, followed by a pretest. Empirical procedures covered the application of this scale to a sample of 52 laryngectomized patients, from July 2002 to January 2003, realized at the GARPO–Laryngectomized patients, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. Analytical procedures included construct validity analysis (factorial analysis with extraction of 15 factors) and reliability analysis (total Cronbach’s Alpha 0,97 and varying from 0,95 to 0,96 in the dominions). This study resulted in the creation of a scale that consists of 94 items and 2 dominions, with highly satisfactory reliability rates. Results disclose the importance of the vocalization method that is currently used and evaluated by the proper individual. The laryngectomized patients who use voice the mouth, gestures/lip mimics and writing as a form of alaryngeal communication do not consider good quality of life as synonymous with high satisfaction with current communication. Patients who use tracheo-esophageal prosthesis, on the other hand, supplied data indicating that good quality of life is synonymous with high satisfaction with current communication. However, studies measuring satisfaction with patients’ communication after total laryngectomy are still in an initial stage in our area. This research can be considered a starting point for other studies of this kind.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction / Margaret Gail Shroyer / Thomas S. Vontz / A foundational mission of our public schools is dedicated to preserving a democratic republic dependent on a literate and actively engaged citizenry. Civic literacy is essential to supporting the rights and responsibilities of all citizens in a democratic society. Civic knowledge is the foundation of our citizens’ civic literacy. National Standards for Civics and Government (Center for Civic Education,1994) promote civic literacy for all students including elementary children. Therefore, understanding important civic concepts is essential knowledge for elementary educators. Civic knowledge has not been required or monitored in teacher preparation or licensure. At the time of this study, there were no comprehensive measures of elementary teachers’ civic knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate a project funded by the Center for Civic Education that developed a Civic Knowledge Inventory (CKI) for elementary teachers using a Delphi technique. Specifically, this study analyzed the use of a Delphi process to identify major civic constructs elementary teachers should know and to create a valid and reliable measure of elementary teachers’ knowledge of these selected civic constructs. The Delphi technique engaged eight anonymous civic scholars to work together via the Internet. Through rounds of input and feedback they identified important civic knowledge that elementary teachers should know and created a multiple-choice measurement tool aligned to these constructs. In final analysis, the Delphi panelists collectively created a map of civic concepts that included: Constitutionalism, Representative Democracy, Citizenship, Human Rights, Civic Society, Market Economy and Examples of Non-Democracy as essential constructs accompanied by an outline of related sub-concepts and elements. This outline was then used to design, improve, and ultimately select the best test items for each construct. An item analysis was completed on data produced by 89 volunteer pre-service elementary teachers to identify high performing items to be included in the CKI. Therefore, the CKI could be used to examine the extent to which teacher preparation programs adequately prepare elementary teachers to be civic educators and thus guide teacher preparation as well as related professional development initiatives.

Background: Patient empowerment is viewed as a priority by policy makers, patients and practitioners worldwide. Although there are a number of measures available, none have been developed specifically for patients in the UK with long-term conditions. It is the aim of this study to report the development and preliminary validation of an empowerment instrument for patients with long-term conditions in primary care.Methods: The study involved three methods. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted to identify existing empowerment instruments, and to describe, compare and appraise their content and quality. The results supported the need for a new instrument. Item content of existing instruments helped support development of the new instrument. Secondly, empowerment was explored in patients with long-term conditions and primary care practitioners using qualitative methods, to explore its meaning and the factors that support or hinder empowerment. This led to the development of a conceptual model to support instrument development. Thirdly, a new instrument for measuring empowerment in patients with long-term conditions in primary care was developed. A cross-sectional survey of patients was conducted to collect preliminary data on acceptability, reliability and validity, using pre-specified hypotheses based on existing theoretical and empirical work. Results: Nine instruments meeting review inclusion criteria were identified. Only one instrument was developed to measure empowerment in long-term conditions in the context of primary care, and that was judged to be insufficient in terms of content and purpose. Five dimensions (‘identity’, ‘knowledge and understanding’, ‘personal control’, personal decision-making’, and ‘enabling other patients’) of empowerment were identified through published literature and the qualitative work and incorporated into a preliminary version of the new instrument. A postal survey achieved 197 responses (response rate 33%). Almost half of the sample reported circulatory, diabetic or musculoskeletal conditions. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a three factor solution (‘identity’, ‘knowledge and understanding’ and ‘enabling’). Two dimensions of empowerment (‘identity’ and ‘enabling’) and total empowerment showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. The measure showed relationships with external measures (including quality of chronic illness care, self-efficacy and educational qualifications) that were generally supportive of its construct validity.Conclusion: Initial analyses suggest that the new measure meets basic psychometric criteria and has potential for the measurement of patient empowerment in long-term conditions in primary care. The scale may have a role in research on quality of care for long-term conditions, and could function as a patient-reported outcome measure. However, further validation is required before more extensive use of the measure.