The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered a critical node in the neural circuitry underlying drug-seeking behaviors. However, the mechanisms by which this region influences drug seeking and whether or not the lateral PFC mediates cocaine or heroin seeking are questions that have yet to be answered. To expand on the role of the PFC in drug seeking, rats were trained on either heroin or cocaine self-administration for a minimum of 12 days before undergoing extinction training and subsequent reinstatement tests (cued and drug-prime). All pharmacological manipulations were delivered immediately prior to reinstatement testing and were targeted at either the ventral region of the medial PFC, the infralimbic cortex (IL), the anterior portion of the medial PFC, the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), the anterior region of the insular cortex, the dorsal agranular insular cortex (AId), or the posterior region of the insular cortex, the posterior insular cortex (PIc). In chapter 1, D1 and D2 antagonists were administered into the IL and mOFC prior to cued and cocaine-prime reinstatement. Although previous studies found that the IL inhibits cocaine seeking, blocking D1 receptor activity in this region reduced cued reinstatement and had no effect on cocaine-prime reinstatement, indicating that the IL can promote cocaine seeking under certain circumstances. In contrast, blocking D1 receptors in the mOFC reduced all forms of reinstatement that were examined. Blocking D2 receptors in either region had no effect on cocaine seeking. Our data are the first to demonstrate a role for the mOFC in cocaine seeking and suggest that although the IL and mOFC lie immediately adjacent to one another, they play distinct roles in mediating cocaine seeking. In chapter 2, we pharmacologically inactivated the AId and PIc via a GABA agonist administered immediately prior to both cocaine and food seeking. Reversible inactivation of the AId reduced cued reinstatement but had no effect on cocaine-prime reinstatement. In contrast, inactivating the PIc had no effect on any form of cocaine seeking. Additionally, blocking the AId during cued and food-prime reinstatement had no effect on food seeking, indicating the role of the AId in reinstatement is specific to cocaine seeking and not general motivated behavior. Additionally, blocking CRF1 receptors in the AId blocked cued reinstatement, suggesting a possible mechanism whereby the AId is influencing cocaine seeking. These data are the first to establish a role for the AId in cocaine seeking and demonstrate that although the PIc influences alcohol and nicotine seeking, it does not mediate cocaine seeking. Chapter 3 further examined the role of the AId in cocaine seeking and expanded the influence of the insular cortex in drug seeking to heroin. AId D1 receptor blockade reduced both cued and cocaine-prime reinstatement following extinction training, whereas D2 receptor blockade had no effect on cocaine seeking. These results establish a role for the AId in cocaine-prime reinstatement, as pharmacological inactivation showed no role for the AId in cocaine-induced drug seeking. Additionally, blocking the AId during heroin seeking potentiated cued reinstatement whereas blocking the PIc during heroin seeking reduced cued reinstatement. These results demonstrate a role for the insular cortex in heroin seeking that has never been shown before and further explain how the AId may be influencing cocaine seeking.

As espécies do gênero Trypanosoma parasitam vertebrados de todas as classes (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos) e possuem ciclos de vida com alternância entre vertebrados e invertebrados. A maioria das espécies se desenvolve em artrópodes hematófagos, que podem pertencer a diversas ordens e famílias. A maioria das espécies não é patogênica, T. cruzi é a única espécie patogênica para o homem nas Américas. Estudos realizados com algumas espécies de tripanossomas apontam uma grande complexidade do ciclo silvestre. Ressalta-se o fato que existam poucos trabalhos realizados no estado de Minas Gerais em animais silvestres. Até o momento, poucos estudos avaliaram os pequenos mamíferos terrestres e morcegos como reservatórios silvestres destes parasitas neste estado, com ausência de estudos com outros grupos de vertebrados. O presente projeto tem por objetivo principal, o conhecimento da diversidade de parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma em animais silvestres da ilha pluvial e Estação ecológica de Pirapitinga, Minas Gerais através do isolamento, caracterização molecular e estudos filogenéticos com marcadores tradicionais. Foram realizadas duas campanhas de captura nos meses de outubro de 2013 e março de 2014 totalizando 183 pequenos mamíferos terrestres, de 12 espécies pertencentes, a três diferentes Ordens (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, a espécie mais abundante foi Calomys sp, capturados com pitfalls e Shermann. Foram capturados 57 indivíduos de morcegos, com o auxilio de redes de neblina, de seis diferentes espécies (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), a espécie mais abundante foi Glossophaga soricina. Todos os quirópteros foram negativos para tripanossomatídeos e dentre os pequenos mamíferos somente oito exemplares da espécie Monodelphis domestica foram positivas para o parasita, porém foram estabelecidas nove culturas (um dos animais estava parasitado por duas espécies de tripanossomas). Os isolados de M. domestica foram identificados como T. cruzi e uma nova espécie com morfologia distinta, mas agrupada nas filogenias com SSU rDNA e gGAPDH no Clado Lagartos/ Cobras. Esta nova espécie foi denominada T. gennarii. Os anuros e répteis foram capturados através de busca ativa e foram capturados 14 indivíduos de repteis pertencentes a 6 espécies e 88 indivíduos de anuros pertencentes a 4 espécies. Do total de anuros capturados 7 (7,95%) apresentaram hemocultura positivas e 2 (2,27%) de Leptodactylus latrans foram estabelecidas e criopreservadas com morfologia compatível a parasitas do gênero Trypanosoma. Filogenias baseadas em SSU rDNA segregou os isolados do Cerrado em um novo grupo denominado AN05 e a inclusão destes isolados evidenciaram um outro grupo, AN06 compostos de isolados obtidos de flebotomíneos. / The species of the genus Trypanosoma parasites of all vertebrate classes (Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) and have life cycles alternating between vertebrates and invertebrates. Most species develops in blood-sucking arthropods, which may belong to different orders and families. Most species are not pathogenic, T. cruzi is the only species pathogenic to humans in the Americas. Studies with some species of trypanosomes indicate a great complexity of the sylvatic cycle in biomes. We highlight the fact that there are few studies in the state of Minas Gerais in wild animals. To date, few studies have evaluated small terrestrial mammals and bats as wild reservoirs of these parasites in this state, with no studies with other groups of vertebrates. This project\'s main objective, knowledge of Trypanosoma parasites of the genus diversity in wild animals of the rain Island and Ecological Pirapitinga Station, Minas Gerais through isolation, molecular characterization and phylogenetic studies with traditional markers. Two arrest campaigns were conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 totaling 184 small terrestrial mammals, 12 species belonging to three different Orders (Calomys callosus, Cerradomys subflavus, Rhipidomys sp., Akodon sp., Hylaemys megacephalus, Delomys sp., Oligoryzomys sp., Didelphis albiventris, Micoreus sp., Gracilinanus agilis, Monodelphis domestica e Cabassous unicinctus, the most abundant species was Calomys callosus, captured with pitfalls and Shermann. The bats were captured with mist net and caught 57 individuals from six different species (Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus sp., Platyrrhinus sp., Noctilio albiventris, Myotis sp., Choeronicus minor), the most abundant species was Glossophaga soricina. All were negative for trypanosomatids bats and small mammals among only eight copies of Monodelphis domestica species were positive for the parasite, but nine cultures were established (one animal was infested by two species of trypanosomes). Isolates of M. domestica were identified T. cruzi and a new species with distinct morphology, but grouped in phylogenies with SSU rDNA and gGAPDH in Clade Lizards/ Snakes. This new species was named T.gennarii. Frogs and reptiles were captured through active search and were captured 14 individuals of reptiles belonging to 6 species of frogs and 88 individuals belonging to four species. Of the total of frogs captured 7 (7,95%) had positive blood culture and 2 (2.27%) of Leptodactylus latrans were established and cryopreserved with morphology compatible with the parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. Phylogenies based on SSU rDNA segregated the Cerrado isolated in a new group called AN05 and the inclusion of these isolates showed another group of compounds AN06 isolates from sand flies.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13231号 / 論医博第2171号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 淳, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-26T19:32:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_B_Macena_Full_Tubaleia_oficial_FINAL_BIB.pdf: 3006322 bytes, checksum: 3a1ffaf6152b8966edc8c3989913e65f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T19:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_B_Macena_Full_Tubaleia_oficial_FINAL_BIB.pdf: 3006322 bytes, checksum: 3a1ffaf6152b8966edc8c3989913e65f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / CNPQ / Compreender detalhadamente a história de vida do tubarão-baleia é fundamental para assegurar a sua conservação. No entanto, apesar da espécie possuir distribuição circumglobal e ser relativamente bem estudada entre os elasmobrânquios, ainda existe uma grande escassez de informações relacionadas a muitos dos seus aspectos ecológicos e biológicos em todo o mundo, principalmente no que diz respeito aos seus movimentos migratórios e ciclo reprodutivo. No Oceano Atlântico, particularmente, a espécie vem sendo investigada majoritariamente no Golfo do México/ Mar do Caribe, permanecendo uma grande lacuna para o restante dessa bacia oceânica. O presente estudo representa a primeira iniciativa de investigação da distribuição espacial do tubarão-baleia em escala oceânica no sudoeste do Atlântico baseada em registros de ocorrências na costa do Brasil, além de ter sido o primeiro trabalho também sobre o rastreamento de tubarões-baleia na região equatorial. Com o objetivo de complementar o conhecimento acerca da distribuição geográfica e movimentação do tubarão-baleia nas regiões sudoeste e equatorial do oceano Atlântico, foram empregadas técnicas modernas de modelagem ecológica e rastreamento via satélite, além da utilização do método tradicional de censo visual para identificação de aspectos populacionais no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP). Primeiramente, foram realizadas predições referentes à distribuição espacial de habitats adequados para alimentação e inferências sobre a influência de variáveis ambientais específicas para ocorrência do tubarão-baleia na costa do Brasil/ sudoeste do oceano Atlântico. Em seguida, a sazonalidade, a abundância relativa e a estrutura populacional dos tubarões-baleia que visitam o ASPSP foram investigadas, incluindo inferências acerca da importância de ecossistemas insulares oceânicos para a parcela madura da espécie. Por fim, na terceira parte da Tese, os deslocamentos horizontais e verticais de tubarões-baleia marcados com transmissores via satélite no ASPSP foram descritos e o comportamento de mergulho avaliado com relação a fatores biofísicos e ambientais específicos. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo são relevantes não somente para a conservação do tubarão-baleia, mas para o ecossistema marinho na costa do Brasil, de uma forma geral, posto que o mapeamento de habitats ideais para alimentação da espécie também serve para identificar áreas ecologicamente importantes para outras espécies. Ademais, a identificação do ASPSP como uma área importante para a parcela adulta dos tubarões-baleia ressalta sua importância ecológica no ciclo de vida da espécie, destacando a necessidade de se envidar maiores esforços para a conservação do local. / Understanding the life history of the whale shark is fundamental to assure its conservation. However, in spite of the circumglobal distribution of the species and the fact that it is relatively well studied among elasmobranchs, there is still a serious lack of information concerning its biology in the entire world, mainly regarding its migratory movements and reproductive cycle. In the Atlantic Ocean, particularly, the whale sharks have been predominantly studied in the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean Sea, with a big gap still remaining for the rest of this ocean basin. Aiming to help to fill this gap on geographical distribution and movement patterns of whale sharks in the Equatorial and Southwest Atlantic regions, modern techniques of ecological modelling and satellite tracking were used, in addition to the use of scientific traditional method of visual census to describe the population aspects of the species in the archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo (ASPSP). Firstly, geographical predictions of suitable habitats for whale shark feeding and inferences of the influence of specific environmental variables on the occurrence distribution in the Brazilian coast/southwestern Atlantic Ocean were conducted to describe the potential spatial distribution of the species. Then, the seasonality of occurrence, relative abundance and population structure of the whale sharks visiting the ASPSP were investigated, including a discussion regarding the importance of the insular oceanic ecosystems to the mature portion of the species. Finally, in the third part of the thesis, the horizontal and vertical displacements of whale sharks satellite tagged off ASPSP were described and the diving behavior assessed in relation to specific biophysical and environmental factors. The present study represents the first oceanic-scale spatial distribution investigation effort in the southwest Atlantic on whale shark presence records from the Brazilian coast, besides of being the first study using satellite tracking on the species in the equatorial Atlantic as well. The results presented here are of great relevance not only for the whale shark conservation but also for the Brazilian marine ecosystem, as the mapping of suitable feeding habitats could contribute to the identification of areas of ecological importance to other marine species. Moreover, the identification of the ASPSP as an important area for the mature part of whale shark populations highlights its ecological relevance on the species life cycle, emphasizing the need of increasing the conservation efforts in this habitat.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:39:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:39:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LORENA_EVELYN_SILVA_CAVALCANTE_PARCIAL.pdf: 843706 bytes, checksum: 9e28b91e2d08f5204a5e3b2293c8a063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The insular cortex (IC) receives afferent projections from prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb, basal nuclei and forms reciprocal connections with important limbic areas: amygdala and entorhinal cortex. These different connections indicate a possible involvement of the insular cortex in the process of learning and memory. Social recognition memory (SRM) is essential for forming social groups, establishing hierarchies and social and affective ties. Despite its importance, the knowledge about the brain structures and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its processing is still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the participation of NMDA-glutamatergic, D1/D5-dopaminergic, H2-histaminergic, ?-adrenergic and 5-HT1A serotoninergic receptors, of the IC, in the consolidation of SRM. For this, male Wistar adult rats (300-330 g) were submitted to stereotaxic surgery for implantation of bilateral cannulae in the IC and, later, to the task of social discrimination. The task consists of 4 consecutive days of habituation to the experimental apparatus, which is an open-field box containing 2 acrilic cilinders, for 20 min. Twenty four hours after the last habituation session, the animals were placed in the open field in the presence of a juvenile (22 days postnatal) for 1 hour (sample phase). After 24 hours, the retention test occurred, for 5 min, in the presence of a juvenile previously met (familiar) and a new juvenile. Animals that received the intra-IC infusion of the antagonist D1/D5, ?-adrenergic or 5-HT1A receptor, immediately after the sample phase, impairs the consolidation of SRM. However, this effect was blocked by the concomitant intra-IC infusion of the agonist and the antagonist of the respective receptors. In addition, animals that received intra-IC infusion of the antagonists NMDA and H2 receptors, immediately after the sample phase, were able to consolidate the SRM. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the dopaminergic D1/D5, ?-adrenergic and serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors, but not the glutamatergic NMDA and the histaminergic H2 receptors, of the IC, participates in the consolidation of the SRM. / O c?rtex insular (CI) recebe proje??es aferentes do c?rtex pr?-frontal, giro cingulado, bulbo olfat?rio, n?cleos da base, al?m de formar conex?es rec?procas com importantes ?reas l?mbicas: am?gdala e c?rtex entorrinal. Estas diferentes conex?es indicam um poss?vel envolvimento do c?rtex insular no processo de aprendizado e mem?ria. A mem?ria de reconhecimento social (MRS) ? essencial para formar grupos sociais, estabelecer hierarquias e v?nculos sociais e afetivos. Apesar de sua import?ncia, ainda ? escasso o conhecimento sobre o papel das estruturas cerebrais e os mecanismos celulares e moleculares envolvidos em seu processamento e armazenamento. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a participa??o dos receptores glutamat?rgicos do tipo NMDA, dopamin?rgicos D1/D5, histamin?rgico H2, ?-adren?rgico e serotonin?rgico 5-HT1A, do c?rtex insular, no processo de consolida??o da MRS. Para isso, ratos Wistar machos adultos foram submetidos a uma cirurgia estereot?xica para implanta??o de c?nulas bilaterais no CI e, posteriormente, ? tarefa de discrimina??o social. Esta tarefa consiste de 4 sess?es di?rias de 20 min de habitua??o ao aparato experimental, que ? constitu?do de uma caixa de campo aberto contendo dois cilindros de acr?lico. Vinte e quatro horas ap?s a ?ltima sess?o de habitua??o os animais foram recolocados no aparato, na presen?a de um coespec?fico juvenil (22 dias p?s-natal) dentro de um dos cilindros, por 1 hora (sess?o de treino). Ap?s 24 horas os animais foram submetidos a uma sess?o de teste, de 5 min, na presen?a de um juvenil desconhecido e do juvenil previamente encontrado (familiar). Verificou-se que, os animais que receberam a infus?o intra-CI do antagonista dos receptores D1/D5, ?-adren?rgico ou 5-HT1A imediatamente ap?s a sess?o de treino, tiveram um preju?zo na consolida??o da MRS. Contudo, esse efeito foi bloqueado pela infus?o intra-CI concomitante do agonista e do antagonista dos respectivos receptores. Ainda, os animais que receberam a infus?o intra-CI do antagonista dos receptores NMDA ou H2 imediatamente ap?s a sess?o de treino, foram capazes de consolidar a MRS. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem que os receptores dopamin?rgicos D1/D5, ?-adren?rgicos e serotonin?rgicos 5-HT1A, mas n?o os glutamat?rgicos NMDA e os histamin?rgicos H2, do c?rtex insular participam da consolida??o da MRS.

This collection contains 13 papers presented in the workshop on the "The Celtic Languages in Contact" organised by Hildegard L. C. Tristram at the XIII International Celtic Congress in Bonn (Germany), July 23rd - 27th, 2007. The authors of two papers from another section also contributed their papers to this volume, as they deal with closely related issues. The time-span covered ranges from potential pre-historic contacts of Celtic with Altaic languages or Nostratic cognates in Celtic, through the hypothesis of Afro-Asiatic as a possible substrate for Celtic, Latin and Gaulish contacts in Gaul, the impact of Vulgar Latin on the formation of the Insular Celtic Languages as a linguistic area (Sprachbund), to various contact scenarios involving the modern Insular Celtic languages as well as English and French. The final paper reflects on the political status of the modern Insular Celtic languages in the Europe of the 27 EU countries.

The Atnarko complex located in west-central British Columbia comprises pre-Early Jurassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, termed the Atnarko assemblage, which is structurally interleaved with Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous orthogneiss. The Atnarko assemblage correlates with continental margin assemblages found within the Coast plutonic complex. Tectonic interaction between the Insular and Intermontane superterranes resulted in several phases of deformation including; 1) poorly preserved Jurassic deformation, 2) Early to mid-Cretaceous, southwest to west directed, compression, 3) mid-Cretaceous, north to northeast directed, compression, 4) mid- to Late Cretaceous dextral and sinistral ductile/brittle shearing, and 5) post latest Cretaceous brittle faulting. Peak metamorphism coincides with generation of migmatite in the Early Cretaceous (~117-115 Ma) and is contemporaneous with penetrative ductile fabrics. The Atnarko complex had cooled below 350°C by the Late. Comparison of the Atnarko complex to equivalent portions of the orogen along strike, indicates a post mid-Cretaceous change in structural style. To the northwest the orogen records continued southwest-directed compression which dominates the deformation style; while to the southeast large dextral strike-slip faults dominate. Relative plate motions between ca. 70-60 Ma indicate that dextral transpression occurred between the Kula and North American plates. Strain during this transpressive deformation was partitioned into compressive and translational regions. The Atnarko complex area is situated at the transition between translation and compression. The conditions of the lower and middle crust within the orogen were established by how strain was partitioned across the orogen. The distributed strain also shaped how the orogen responded to Tertiary extension. Continued compression to the northwest of the Atnarko complex led to increased crustal thickness and partial melting of lower and middle crust in the Tertiary. Conversely, the cessation of compression in the southeast lead to a more stable (i.e. cooler) crustal lithosphere. A change in relative plate motions in the early Tertiary triggered full-scale, orogen-perpendicular, collapse in the northwest facilitated by decoupling between the middle and lower crusts along thermally weakened layers. Localized orogen-parallel extension occurred in the southeast which was kinematically linked to large dextral strike-slip faults where the upper crust remained coupled to the middle and lower crust.

Long-term memories turn labile with reactivation and undergo a re-stabilization process, termed reconsolidation, involving molecular changes that allow updating of an existing memory trace. Such molecular changes may involve the activation of kinases and expression of proteins related to the increase of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. A kinase reported to have a role in a variety of memory tasks is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The downstream activation of ERK targets other regulatory enzymes, transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins, which allow structural changes in the neuron due to protein synthesis up-regulation. Among the proteins up-regulated by ERK activity is the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC), an immediate early gene related to synaptic plasticity. The phase-dependent roles of ERK and ARC have not been examined as part of the molecular mechanisms triggered after a learning experience. In this study I used conditioned taste aversion (CTA) as the learning paradigm and investigated the expression of pERK and ARC in brain regions critical for taste information processing such as the insular cortex and the amygdala. A differential pattern of protein expression was observed in the insular cortex (IC) two hours after taste memory acquisition: pERK activity increased in the aversively conditioned group while ARC increased in the group that received only the novel taste. The central amygdala (CeA) showed a significant increase in pERK, but not ARC activity after CTA training. Immunoblotting experiments performed after memory retrieval in the appetitive group show that pERK continues to signal aversive taste to the IC with ARC exhibiting heightened expression an hour later. An increase in ARC expression 30 minutes after reactivation of the aversive taste was seen in the basolateral amygdala and the CeA exhibited a similar increase at 60 and 90 minutes. Local infusion of ARC antisense oligonucleotides within the IC interfered with the consolidation of safe taste memories, but not with their acquisition. Trace update experiments showed that ARC influences the memory switch from aversive to safe, but not the reverse. Our results indicate that ARC plays a critical role in consolidation and updating of safe taste memories, and the ARC signaling could possibly elicit ERK activation.

The Atnarko complex located in west-central British Columbia comprises pre-Early Jurassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, termed the Atnarko assemblage, which is structurally interleaved with Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous orthogneiss. The Atnarko assemblage correlates with continental margin assemblages found within the Coast plutonic complex. Tectonic interaction between the Insular and Intermontane superterranes resulted in several phases of deformation including; 1) poorly preserved Jurassic deformation, 2) Early to mid-Cretaceous, southwest to west directed, compression, 3) mid-Cretaceous, north to northeast directed, compression, 4) mid- to Late Cretaceous dextral and sinistral ductile/brittle shearing, and 5) post latest Cretaceous brittle faulting. Peak metamorphism coincides with generation of migmatite in the Early Cretaceous (~117-115 Ma) and is contemporaneous with penetrative ductile fabrics. The Atnarko complex had cooled below 350°C by the Late. Comparison of the Atnarko complex to equivalent portions of the orogen along strike, indicates a post mid-Cretaceous change in structural style. To the northwest the orogen records continued southwest-directed compression which dominates the deformation style; while to the southeast large dextral strike-slip faults dominate. Relative plate motions between ca. 70-60 Ma indicate that dextral transpression occurred between the Kula and North American plates. Strain during this transpressive deformation was partitioned into compressive and translational regions. The Atnarko complex area is situated at the transition between translation and compression. The conditions of the lower and middle crust within the orogen were established by how strain was partitioned across the orogen. The distributed strain also shaped how the orogen responded to Tertiary extension. Continued compression to the northwest of the Atnarko complex led to increased crustal thickness and partial melting of lower and middle crust in the Tertiary. Conversely, the cessation of compression in the southeast lead to a more stable (i.e. cooler) crustal lithosphere. A change in relative plate motions in the early Tertiary triggered full-scale, orogen-perpendicular, collapse in the northwest facilitated by decoupling between the middle and lower crusts along thermally weakened layers. Localized orogen-parallel extension occurred in the southeast which was kinematically linked to large dextral strike-slip faults where the upper crust remained coupled to the middle and lower crust.

Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T14:05:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Eveline Aquino_final_versão entregue_após biblioteca.pdf: 2444824 bytes, checksum: 611daa8ff08eb71508238b15067ae577 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T14:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Eveline Aquino_final_versão entregue_após biblioteca.pdf: 2444824 bytes, checksum: 611daa8ff08eb71508238b15067ae577 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES / A dinâmica espaço-temporal do fitoplâncton está relacionada a um conjunto de variáveis ambientais. As camadas de estratificação vertical e a presença de ilhas oceânicas podem influenciar na distribuição desses organismos. Esse estudo objetivou investigar a distribuição e composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica nas águas oceânicas do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Atlântico Sul Equatorial, Brasil), como um fator biológico indicativo das condições oceanográficas, evidenciando sua relação com as variáveis abióticas e sob influências da proximidade do arquipélago e da estratificação vertical, bem como registrar as populações de Ornithocercus sp. que apresentam diferentes horários e estágios de reprodução, sendo esta última uma abordagem complementar. Para tanto, as amostras da água foram coletadas ao longo de seis pontos, em escalas espacial (horizontal e vertical) e temporal, a saber: em diferentes distâncias do arquipélago, em duas posições geográficas (nordeste e sudoeste), em seis profundidades (entre 1 e 130 m), em dois períodos do dia (diurno, noturno e nictemeral) e durante dois anos (2010 e 2012). Foram coletadas as variáveis abióticas, como sendo os nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos, temperatura e salinidade. A clorofila a fitoplanctônica foi determinada, bem como a densidade celular, riqueza de espécies, abundância relativa, frequência de ocorrência, diversidade e uniformidade. Como resultados, horizontal e verticalmente, foram identificadas 115 espécies fitoplanctônicas, representadas essencialmente por dinoflagelados (>60% do total), seguidos por diatomáceas, cianobactérias e dictiofíceas. Foi registrado um decréscimo gradual da densidade de 1 m a 130 m e, portanto, mais elevada na camada de mistura. Por outro lado, não houve efeito significativo da estratificação para a clorofila a. Os dinoflagelados Oxytoxum gracile Schiller e O. laticeps Schiller foram dominantes, para todos os tratamentos em estudo. A alta dominância de dinoflagelados indica a estabilidade da água, devido à estratificação. Nitrato e fosfato estiveram relacionados com O. laticeps, favorecendo a sua dominância. A diversidade e composição de espécies, horizontal e verticalmente, foram homogêneas, sugerindo não ocorrer efeito de massa insular durante o período em estudo e para os tratamentos amostrais aplicados. / The spatio-temporal dynamics of phytoplankton is connected to any environmental variables. The layers of vertical stratification and the occurrence of oceanic islands can induce the distribution of these organisms. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and composition of phytoplankton in the ocean waters of Fernando de Noronha archipelago (South Atlantic, Brazil), as an indicative biological of oceanographic conditions and their relationship with abiotic variables and under archipelago's proximity influences and vertical stratification, as well as record the populations of Ornithocercus sp. under different timings and reproduction stages and this is a complementary approach. Samples of water sampled over six points in spatial (horizontal and vertical) and temporal scales: at different distances, in two geographic positions (northeast and southwest), six depths (between 1 and 130 m), different periods of the day (daytime, night and nyctemeral) and two years (2010 and 2012). The abiotic variables were sampled (dissolved inorganic nutrients, temperature and salinity). Chlorophyll a was determined, and the phytoplanktonic density, species richness, abundance, frequency of occurrence, diversity and uniformity. In horizontal and vertical scale, were identified 115 phytoplankton species, represented by dinoflagellates (> 60% of the total), followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria and dyctiophyceans. Were observed a gradual decrease in density from 1 m to 130 m and higher density in the mixing layer. Were dominant Oxytoxum gracile Schiller and O. laticeps Schiller in all samples. The high dominance of dinoflagellates indicates water stability due to stratification. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of stratification for chlorophyll a. Nitrate and phosphate were in significant relationship with O. laticeps, benefiting its dominance. The diversity and species composition, horizontal and vertical, were homogeneous, suggesting that no occur insular mass effect during the study period and for the applied sample treatments.