Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-07-19T11:25:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaynnara Borges Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 13701953 bytes, checksum: b62f5426227e50e2131c0ba199907706 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-20T10:15:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaynnara Borges Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 13701953 bytes, checksum: b62f5426227e50e2131c0ba199907706 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T10:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaynnara Borges Oliveira - 2018.pdf: 13701953 bytes, checksum: b62f5426227e50e2131c0ba199907706 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) represents to the Goiás State an important sourceof water, responsible for supplying more than 50% of the population of the state capital, Goiânia, and contain two important conservation units of the Cerrado Biome. The overall objective of this paper was to evaluate the chronological evolution and impacts on vegetation caused by laminar erosion processes and/or linear and by forest fires in State Parks Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) and João Leite (PEJoL). The methodological procedures consisted in a multi-integrated assessment for the catchment area and the areas of the parks, being held for the basin: (1) the lifting of the physical attributes of the basin, (2) the morphopedologic Compatments, (3) The analysis of the susceptibility to laminar erosion and (4) Mapping of erosion of the basin, and in the area of the parks (including buffer zone): (5) sieve analysis of soil; (6) Mapping of fire risk to vegetation; (7) historical analysis of the occupation of the land use between 1985 and 2017; (8) analysis dendrogeomorfology and dendropirocronologia. The results indicated the presence of four compartments morfopedológicos, two were characterized as fragile by physical attributes natural; it was identified high susceptibility to the occurrence of laminar erosion processes and linear, confirmed by mapping of more than 3,000 erosions on BHRJL, being that the more critical areas coincide with the area where are the Conservation Units, which historically coexist with predominant use of pastures. The textural analysis of soil showed high content of the sand fraction, mainly fine sand and coarse sand in the soil inside the remainder in both dispersion in NaOH as the dispersion in water. This tendency occurs both in the horizon of the surface and the underlying horizons due to the profound transformation of quartz-rich rocks and poor in primary minerals converted into clay, compatible with the litology aluminoso Gnaisse, Metagranito And Quatzito. vThe mapping of fire risk indicates that the southern and southeastern portion of the remainder as critical areas for the event of a fire. The analysis of dendrocronológica 17 tree individuals of Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) And Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicated a high potential of these species in the area with a series with good index of intercorrelação (Cedar = 0,642; COPAIBA = 0,702). The analysis of dendropirocronologia indicated that the most powerful fires occurred in the decade of 1990, as the dendrogeomorfologia was not possible to correlate the time series with events longshore because was not observed inside of the parks erosion processes or traces of sedimentation, excepting the ravine near the highway and the ravine in inner raceway. In a general way the forest remnant requires greater supervision especially in high-risk areas the forest fire. The area of the park is an area of great fragility and excessive pisoteamento care should be taken to avoid that these processes to settle, because, the containment of same in sandy soil is quite costly and laborious. / A Bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) representa para o Estado de Goiás um importante manancial, por ser a responsável pelo abastecimento de mais de 50% da população da capital do Estado, Goiânia, e por conter duas importantes unidades de conservação do Bioma Cerrado, os parques Estaduais Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) e João Leite (PEJol). O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar a evolução cronológica e os impactos na vegetação causados por processos erosivos laminares e/ou lineares e por incêndios florestais no PEAMP e no PEJoL. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram em uma avaliação integrada multiescalar para a bacia hidrográfica e para as áreas dos parques, sendo realizado para a bacia: (1) o levantamento dos atributos físicos, (2) a compartimentação morfopedológica, (3) a análise da suscetibilidade à erosão laminar e o (4) mapeamento dos focos erosivos e para a área dos parques (incluindo zona de amortecimento): (5) análise granulométrica dos solos; (6) mapeamento de risco à incêndios vegetacionais; (7) análise histórica da ocupação do uso da terra entre 1985 e 2017; (8) análise dendrogeomorfológica e dendropirocronológica. Os resultados indicaram a presença de quatro compartimentos morfopedológicos, sendo dois caracterizados como frágeis pelos atributos físicos naturais; identificou-se alta suscetibilidade à ocorrência de processos erosivos laminares e lineares, confirmado pelo mapeamento de mais de 3.000 focos erosivos na BHRJL, sendo que as áreas mais críticas coincidem com a área onde estão as Unidades de Conservação, que convivem historicamente com uso predominante de pastagens. A análise granulométrica dos solos revelou alto teor da fração areia, principalmente areia fina e areia grossa nos solos dentro dos remanescentes de Cerrado, tanto na dispersão em NaOH, como na dispersão em água. Essa tendência ocorre tanto no horizonte A de superfície, quanto nos horizontes subjacentes, devido à transformação profunda de rochas ricas em quartzo e pobres em minerais primários, convertidos em argila, compatíveis com as litologias Gnaisse aluminoso, Metagranito e Quatzito. O mapeamento de risco a incêndios indica que a porção sul e sudeste dos remanescentes são áreas críticas para o evento de incêndio. A análise dendrocronológica de 17 indivíduos arbóreos de Cedros (Cedrela Fissilis) e Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicou um alto potencial cronológico destas espécies na área com séries cronológicas com bom índice de intercorrelação (Cedro = 0.642; Copaíba = 0.702). A análise da dendropirocronologia indicou que os incêndios mais potentes ocorreram na década de 1990; quanto à dendrogeomorfologia, não foi possível correlacionar a série cronológica com eventos geomórficos, pois não foi verificado dentro dos parques processos erosivos ou indícios de sedimentação, excetuando a ravina próximo à rodovia e a ravina em trilha interna. De modo geral, o remanescente florestal requer uma maior fiscalização, principalmente nas áreas de alto risco a incêndio florestal. A área do parque é de grande fragilidade, e cuidados com o pisoteamento excessivo devem ser tomados para evitar que esses processos se instalem, pois, a contenção dos mesmos em solo arenoso é bastante onerosa e trabalhosa.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The watershed is understood as a complex system that integrates elements natural, socioeconomics and cultural. The objective of research was to assess the anthropogenic changes in the dynamics of landscape the River Basin SÃo JoÃo de Tiba-BA and its interference in the fragility of environmental systems. The basin of 178. 071 hectares, is inserted in the Region of Extreme South Bahia, which was incorporated into the "development" of economic and private megaprojects like cellulose of extensive territorial occupation that this region has experienced, resulting in severe exploitation of natural resources and intense changes in the landscape. Thus, to understand the natural dynamics and the processes of land use and occupation were performed analysis physiographic, morphometric, socioeconomic diagnosis and characterization of the evolution of the use of land, identifying the major impacts of space appropriation process. To meet the proposed objectives, was adopted the scale 1:100.000. The research involved the use of cartographic techniques and remote sensing, through GIS. For this, we used radar image (SRTM and ASTER), and satellite images Landsat TM 5, information collected in fieldwork, and data socioeconomic nature. The data generation and preparation of maps was performed in SIG ArcGIS 10. The integrated analysis of the environment can be inferred that the area is characterized, mostly by plan relief of the Coastal Tablelands of Barriers Group, which originated evolved soils as Yellow Latosols, naturally covered by a rainforest that were gradually replaced. The basin comprises nine different environmental systems. The geo-environmental characteristics of the area were attractive for the development of the main forms of anthropism that changed the landscape and turned it into two types of scenarios: the of pasture and of eucalyptus. The use of land for pasture concentrates most of the arable land, and what else disrespects environmental legislation. The plantation of eucalyptus is agricultural use with the highest growth in the period analyzed, meanwhile, the remaining forest areas were reduced by 63%. The forms of land use practiced in the basin contributed to the increase in environmental degradation processes and, consequently, increasing its Environmental Fragility. It is hoped that the research can collaborate with the area of systems analysis in watersheds as a subsidy to the Environmental Planning. / A bacia hidrogrÃfica à entendida como um sistema complexo que apresenta de forma integrada elementos naturais, socioeconÃmicos e culturais. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar as mudanÃas antropogÃnicas na dinÃmica da paisagem da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Rio SÃo JoÃo de Tiba-BA e sua interferÃncia na fragilidade dos sistemas ambientais. Trata-se de uma bacia de 178. 071 ha, inserida na RegiÃo do Extremo Sul da Bahia, a qual foi incorporada ao processo de âdesenvolvimentoâ, de megaprojetos econÃmicos e privados de extensiva ocupaÃÃo territorial como a celulose, resultando em acentuada exploraÃÃo de recursos naturais e intensas transformaÃÃes na paisagem. Assim, para entender a dinÃmica natural e os processos de uso e ocupaÃÃo da terra foram realizadas anÃlises fisiogrÃficas, morfomÃtricas, diagnÃstico socioeconÃmico, caracterizaÃÃo da evoluÃÃo dos usos do solo e mapeamentos sÃntese da fragilidade ambiental, identificando os principais impactos decorrentes do processo de apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo. Para atender os objetivos propostos, adotou-se a escala de 1:100.000. A pesquisa envolveu o uso de tÃcnicas cartogrÃficas e sensoriamento remoto, atravÃs do geoprocessamento. Para tal, utilizou-se imagens de radar (SRTM e ASTER), imagens de satÃlite do sistema Landsat 5 TM, informaÃÃes coletadas em trabalhos de campo, e informaÃÃes de natureza socioeconÃmica. A geraÃÃo dos dados e confecÃÃo dos mapas foi realizada no SIG ArcGis 10. A anÃlise integrada do meio fÃsico permite inferir que a Ãrea à caracterizada, em sua maior parte, pelo relevo plano dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Grupo Barreiras, que deram origem a solos evoluÃdos como os Latossolos Amarelos, recobertos naturalmente, por uma mata Ãmida que foi paulatinamente substituÃda. A bacia comporta nove sistemas ambientais diversos. As caracterÃsticas geoambientais da Ãrea foram atrativas para o desenvolvimento das principais formas de antropismo que modificaram a paisagem e a transformaram em dois tipos de cenÃrios: o do pasto e o do eucalipto. O uso do solo com pastagens concentra a maior parte das terras agricultÃveis, e o que mais desrespeita a legislaÃÃo ambiental. A silvicultura à o uso agrÃcola que apresentou maior crescimento no perÃodo analisado, enquanto isso, as Ãreas com remanescentes florestais foram reduzidas em 63%. As formas de uso da terra praticadas contribuÃram para o aumento dos processos de degradaÃÃo ambiental e, consequentemente o aumento da sua fragilidade. A pesquisa contribui com a Ãrea da anÃlise sistÃmica em bacias hidrogrÃficas como subsÃdio ao Planejamento Ambiental.

O estudo integrado da paisagem permite a verificação dos níveis de interconexão, da estrutura e da funcionalidade de diversas porções da superfície terrestre. Sob este aspecto muitas pesquisas têm incluído como temática, o estudo dos mecanismos de funcionamento da paisagem e a interação entre os seus componentes. Desta forma, torna-se essencial para a ampliação das investigações, a introdução de metodologias e novas técnicas, que inseridas adequadamente, contribuem para o melhor entendimento dos elementos que compõem a paisagem. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, interpretar e compreender a diversidade de fisionomias da paisagem e sua fisiologia, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Botucaraí, Rio Grande do Sul, a partir da aplicação de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto, especificamente a Análise por Componentes Principais (ACP). Nesta perspectiva, entende-se que o tratamento das bandas espectrais, a partir de imagens de satélite, configura-se em uma complementação no estudo e no entendimento dos elementos constituintes da paisagem: solos, relevo, litologia e vegetação, além de gerar produtos cartográficos com níveis de detalhamento mais precisos. A técnica de ACP foi aplicada a partir do mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra, do mapa do relevo, dos mapas temáticos básicos (hipsometria e declividades), do mapa geológico, do mapa da cobertura vegetal e do mapa de solos. Assim, geraram-se as imagens de Componentes Principais (CPs), sendo que as cinco primeiras foram utilizadas para a análise. Desta forma, com a combinação de bandas, identificaram-se novas interfaces e feições, a partir da contribuição e representatividade de cada CP, que se configurou em cinco agrupamentos, denominados de Fisionomias: 1 (Norte- Planalto Meridional), 2 (Serra Geral), 3 (Depressão Central), 4 (Depósitos Aluviais), associadas aos mapas Hipsométrico/declividades com as CPs geradas e com os elementos da paisagem. Estas fisionomias expressaram as diferenças e/ou similaridades no uso da terra, permitindo o seu agrupamento, a partir das características do relevo, litologia, solos, vegetação e uso e cobertura da terra, destacando-se a considerável interferência antrópica na modificação da fisionomia da paisagem. / The integrated study of the landscape allows the verification of the interconnection levels, structure and functionality of various portions of the earth\'s surface. In this aspect, many researches have included as a theme, the study of the mechanisms of landscape functioning and the interaction between its components. In this way, it becomes essential for the expansion of the investigations, the introduction of methodologies and new techniques, that inserted properly, contribute to the better understanding of the elements that compose the landscape. Thus, this study aimed to identify, interpret and understand the diversity of physiognomy of the landscape and its physiology, in the hydrographic basin of river Botucaraí, Rio Grande do Sul, from the application of remote sensing techniques, specifically the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In this perspective, it is understood that the treatment of the spectral bands, from satellite images, constitutes a complementation in the study and understanding of the constituent elements of the landscape: soil, relief, lithology and vegetation, besides generating cartographic products with more precise levels of detail. The PCA technique was applied from land use and land cover mapping, relief mapping, basic theme maps (hypsometry and declivity), the geological map, the vegetation cover map, and the soil map. Thus, the images of Principal Components (CPs) were generated, and the first five were used for the analysis. In this way, with the combination of bands, new interfaces and features were identified, based on the contribution and representativeness of each CP, which was configured in five groups, called Physiognomies: 1 (north- Planalto Meridional), 2 (Serra Geral), 3 (Central Depression), 4 (Alluvial deposits) associated with Hypsometric maps/declivity with CPs generated and landscape elements. These physiognomies expressed the differences and/or similarities in the land use, allowing their grouping, from the characteristics of the relief, lithology, soils, vegetation and use and cover of the land, highlighting the considerable anthropic interference in the modification of the physiognomy of the landscape.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / James E. DeVault / Prakash Krishnaswami / Most state-of-the-art systems are multidisciplinary in nature and encompass a wide range of components from domains such as electronics, mechanics, hydraulics, etc. Design considerations and design parameters of the system can come from any or a combination of these domains. The traditional optimization approach for multidisciplinary systems utilizes sequential optimization, wherein each subsystem is optimized in isolation in a predetermined order, assuming that the designs of the other subsystems remain fixed. This often leads to system designs that are suboptimal. In recent years emphasis has been placed on development of an integrated scheme for analysis and design of multidisciplinary systems. An important aspect is the software architecture required to support such a scheme. This dissertation presents MIXEDMODELS (Multidisciplinary Integrated eXtensible Engine for Driving Metamodeling, Optimization and DEsign of Large-scale Systems) - a unified analysis and design tool for multidisciplinary systems that is based on a procedural, symbolic-numeric architecture. This architecture offers great modeling flexibility at the component level, allowing any engineer to add components in his/her domain of expertise to the platform in a modular fashion. The symbolic engine in the MIXEDMODELS platform synthesizes the system governing equations as a unified set of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). These equations are differentiated with respect to design variables to obtain an additional set of DAEs that describe the sensitivity coefficients of the system state variables. This combined set of DAEs is solved numerically to obtain the solution for the state variables and the state sensitivity coefficients of the system. Finally, knowing the system performance functions, their design sensitivity coefficients can be calculated by using the values of the state variables and state sensitivity coefficients obtained from the DAEs. For ease in error control and software implementation, sensitivity analysis formulation described in this work uses direct differentiation approach as opposed to the adjoint variable approach. The MIXEDMODELS capabilities are demonstrated through several numerical examples and the results indicate that the MIXEDMODELS formulation and architecture is effective in terms of accuracy, modeling convenience, computational efficiency, and the ability to simulate the behavior of a general class of multidisciplinary systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PRe TEXTUAL.pdf: 85879 bytes, checksum: c6e549bab870e5bdf7cf48fd85af0e1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-04 / Currently, in changeable scale, the Brazilian cities present common problems, derivatives of the intense modifications suffered in previous and aggravated decades throughout the years, for the lack of planning and control of the use of the land. In the city of Anápolis-GO, the use of lands, did not take in consideration the fragilities of the environment where if it inserted, conditioning the city problems of environmental order, that if they reflect in the occurrence of linear erosive processes, silting and floodings. The basin of Extrema large creek is one of the areas of Anápolis with this type of environmental problem. Ahead of this, the present work investigated the relation between the constraints of the environment, including its use and the occurrence of linear erosive processes in this hydrographic basin. It is based on the integrated analysis of the components of the nature and the society, made possible with the aid of the geoprocessing technologies. The Integrated Analysis, now presented, was developed from crossing the elements of the middle physical (the bedrock, relief, soils), including the use of the land, with the frequent occurrence of linear erosion in the area of study. This analysis search discerns the relationship between the occurrence of this erosive processes and characteristics of natural elements and man-made that composed the basin in question. Like this the compartments of relief, related to the characteristics of the bedrock, soils and use of land led to considerations regarding the ability to use the land, measuring classes of susceptibility to erosion, and make analogies about the legal aspects of land use. Therefore were identified five compartments of relief: Surface of Summit, Interfluves, Hills, Low Slopes and Plains River. The compartment of surface summit is characterized by areas with the high height and lower slopes, which usually constitute the crossover waters of the basin supported by Detritus-Lateritic and which dominate Plinthosol Concretionary Petric, and the Cerrado is the original vegetation corresponding. These lands are intended mainly to urban use, but also include the mining activities in the form of Graveled, beyond to farming activities. According to the ability to use land that compartment has been better grazing for lands. In its natural conditions, would be characterized not as susceptible to erosion, although there have been mapped erosive processes; these are related to inappropriate use of land and noncompliance of existed legislation. The compartment of interfluves presents, high and medium height and slope less than 9%, constituting in the general interfluves large and medium. Sculpted on rocks of the Araxá of South Goiás Group and a lesser proportion of rocks Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, which led origin to the soil thick as latossoil Red and Yellow Red, covered by Cerrado. According to the ability to use these lands are suitable for any type of agricultural use, and is best used in agriculture. In this compartment is the predominant agricultural use of land. The low slope and soil thick that compartment to give low susceptibility to erosion, although this susceptibility is stronger when it is subjected to the action of water flows concentrated, affecting the formation processes of erosion. The compartment of hills has high slope and convex morphology carved on Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group, and the silexite Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, where the resistance to the rocks for weathering conditioned the formation of Litholic Neosols. The land these compartments are not susceptible to erosion, are unfit for agricultural use and urban and should be used for permanent preservation. Into the compartment from the low aspect, predominantly low height and high slopes, providing various forms of aspects including drainage headboards, carved in general and on gneisses Quartzite of Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu and in some cases limited, and on micaschist Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group. These rocks conditioned the formation of latossoil Red Yellow, Red, Cambisol and Litholic Neosols, covered in general by seasonal forest. They are better suited for pasture land and reforestation. The high slope, the forms concave and convexconcave and thickness of the soil in that compartment give them high susceptibility to erosion. The natural conditionements on the inappropriate use of land, which lacks infrastructure to capture and dissipation of surface water increase so much of the potential erosion of such land. The compartment of the river plains, including the lower height and slopes, overlapping mostly by alluvial deposits, where the low depth of the water table conditioned the formation of Gleysoils. The Original vegetation corresponds to seasonal forest. These lands are not susceptible to erosion processes, but are affected by sediments from the erosive processes of linear amount. They are also land unsuitable, for agriculture and urban use should be destined for permanent preservation. / Atualmente, em escala variável, as cidades brasileiras apresentam problemas comuns, derivados das intensas modificações sofridas em décadas anteriores e agravados ao longo dos anos, pela falta de planejamento e controle da utilização da terra. Na cidade de Anápolis-GO, o uso das terras, não levou em consideração as fragilidades do meio físico em que se inseria, condicionando ao município problemas de ordem ambiental, que se refletem na ocorrência de processos erosivos, assoreamentos e inundações. A bacia do ribeirão Extrema é uma das áreas de Anápolis com esse tipo de problema ambiental. Diante disso, o presente trabalho investigou a relação entre os condicionantes do meio físico, incluindo a sua utilização e a ocorrência de processos erosivos lineares nessa bacia hidrográfica. Fundamenta-se na análise integrada dos componentes da natureza e da sociedade, viabilizada com o auxílio das tecnologias de geoprocessamento. A Análise Integrada, ora apresentada, foi desenvolvida a partir do cruzamento dos elementos do meio físico (substrato rochoso, relevo, solos), incluindo o uso da terra, com a ocorrência de processos erosivos lineares na área de estudo. Essa análise busca discernir a relação entre a ocorrência desses processos erosivos e as características dos elementos naturais e antrópicos que compõem a bacia hidrográfica em questão. Assim os compartimentos do relevo, relacionados às características do substrato rochoso, solos e uso da terra permitiram fazer considerações a respeito da capacidade de uso das terras, mensurar classes de suscetibilidade a erosão, bem como fazer analogias quanto aos aspectos legais de utilização da terra. Logo, foram delimitados cinco compartimentos do relevo: Superfície de Cimeira, Interflúvios, Morrotes, Baixas Vertentes e Planícies Fluviais. O compartimento Superfície de Cimeira é caracterizado por áreas com as maiores altitudes e menores declividades, que em geral constituem o divisor de águas da bacia sustentado por Cobertura Detrito- Laterítica, onde predominam Plintossolos Pétricos Concrecionários, sendo o cerrado a vegetação original correspondente. Essas terras são destinadas principalmente ao uso urbano, abrangendo também atividades de mineração na forma de cascalheiras, além de atividades pecuárias. De acordo com a capacidade de uso agrícola das terras esse compartimento possui terras melhor adaptadas para pastagem. Em suas condições naturais seria caracterizado como não suscetível a erosão, embora nele, tenham sido mapeados processos erosivos, esses estão relacionados ao uso inadequado da terra e a não observância da legislação vigente. O compartimento dos interflúvios apresenta altitudes altas e médias e declividades inferiores a 9%, constituindo em geral interflúvios amplos e médios. Esculpidos sobre rochas do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás e em menor proporção rochas do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu, que deram origem a solos espessos como Latossolo Vermelho e Vermelho Amarelo, recobertos por cerrado. De acordo com a capacidade de uso essas terras são adaptadas para qualquer tipo de uso agrícola, sendo melhor utilizadas na agricultura. Nesse compartimento predomina o uso agrícola das terras. As baixas declividades e os solos espessos conferem a esse compartimento baixa suscetibilidade a erosão, embora essa suscetibilidade seja potencializada quando esse é submetido à ação de fluxos d água concentrados. O compartimento dos morrotes possui altas declividades e morfologia convexa, esculpidos sobre quartzitos do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás e silexitos do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu, onde a resistência das rochas ao intemperismo condicionou a formação de Neossolo Litólico. As terras desse compartimento são impróprias para a utilização agrícola e urbana, devendo ser destinas a preservação permanente. No compartimento das baixas vertentes, predominam baixas altitudes e altas declividades, constituindo diversas formas de vertentes, incluindo cabeceiras de drenagem, esculpidas em geral sobre gnaisses e quartzitos do Complexo Granulítico Anápolis-Itauçu e em alguns casos restritos, sobre micaxistos e quartzitos do Grupo Araxá Sul de Goiás. Essas rochas condicionaram a formação de Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, Latossolo Vermelho, Cambissolo e Neossolo Litólico, recobertos em geral por Floresta Estacional. São terras melhor adaptadas para pastagens e reflorestamentos. As altas declividades, as formas côncavas e côncavo-convexas e a pouca espessura dos solos nesse compartimento lhe conferem alta suscetibilidade a erosão. Logo, os condicionantes naturais sob o uso inadequado da terra, onde faltam infra-estruturas de captação e dissipação das águas superficiais aumentam e muito o potencial de erosão dessas terras. O compartimento das planícies fluviais, compreende as menores altitudes e declividades, sobrepostas na sua maioria por Depósitos Aluvionáres, onde a baixa profundidade do lençol freático condicionou a formação de Gleissolos. A vegetação original corresponde a Floresta Estacional. São terras impróprias para a utilização agrícola e urbana devendo ser destinadas a preservação permanente.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T18:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelsilvagama.pdf: 1774054 bytes, checksum: b50899947c904ace42800056fa0d9afc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-11T15:19:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelsilvagama.pdf: 1774054 bytes, checksum: b50899947c904ace42800056fa0d9afc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T15:19:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelsilvagama.pdf: 1774054 bytes, checksum: b50899947c904ace42800056fa0d9afc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-30 / O diagnóstico da hanseníase é eminentemente clínico, podendo ser complementado com baciloscopia, histopatologia e testes imunológicos. Métodos bacteriológicos clássicos para identificação de bactérias patogênicas não podem ser aplicados para o diagnóstico de hanseníase, sobretudo pela impossibilidade de cultivo in vitro do M. leprae. O exame histopatológico e a baciloscopia têm sido utilizados como métodos auxiliares para a classificação clínica dos casos. Técnicas moleculares e sorológicas têm sido avaliadas como ferramentas de diagnóstico na hanseníase. Ao contrário da baciloscopia, que requer cerca de 104 organismos por grama de tecido para detecção real, a PCR é uma técnica de alta especificidade e sensibilidade, capaz de detectar 25 fg (10-15g) de DNA de M. leprae. Além disso, a possibilidade de sua utilização em quase todos os tipos de amostras clínicas confere a este método um alto potencial para o diagnóstico diferencial. Os testes sorológicos têm como alvo a detecção de anticorpos específicos contra o M. leprae que indicam infecção. Esses testes podem ser úteis no monitoramento da eficácia da terapia, na determinação da prevalência da doença e na avaliação da distribuição da infecção entre contatos domiciliares. Considera-se que o indivíduo que reside ou tenha residido com o doente de hanseníase apresenta maior risco de adoecimento em relação à população em geral, pelo fato de estarem expostos ao M. leprae. Familiares de pacientes Multibacilar e Paucibacilar devem ser examinados, independente do tempo de convívio. Sugere-se avaliar anualmente, durante cinco anos, todos os contatos não doentes, quer sejam familiares ou sociais. Neste estudo utilizou-se o suporte da Inteligência Artificial (Random Forest) para análise integrada de métodos sorológicos e moleculares, no diagnóstico de novos casos de hanseníase e monitoramento de contatos domiciliares por um período de cinco anos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em Governador Valadares – MG, considerada área endêmica de hanseníase. O desenho proposto é do tipo longitudinal, com coleta de dados cadastrais de todos os casos diagnosticados em 2011 e seus respectivos contatos domiciliares registrados no período de 2011, 2012 e 2016. Um total de 196 indivíduos, sendo 43 casos, 113 contatos domiciliares e 40 indivíduos considerados controles endêmicos que relataram não ter convívio com pacientes com hanseníase nem tão pouco histórico de hanseníase na família foi incluído no estudo. Foram coletadas amostras sangue e de raspado intradérmico dos casos de hanseníase e seus respectivos contatos domiciliares, para análise por qPCR (16S rRNA) e ELISA (anti NO-OLID e LID-1). A análise integrada dos dados foi realizada por meio da Random Forest com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho dos testes para o diagnóstico de hanseníase. Isoladamente, a qPCR apresentou sensibilidade de 48,8% e especificidade de 100% no diagnóstico de casos de hanseníase. No ensaio de ELISA anti-ND-O-LID a sensibilidade alcançada foi de 57,9% e especificidade de 97,5%, enquanto que no ensaio de anti-LID-1, a sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 63,2% e 92,5%, respectivamente. Entretanto, a análise integrada dos dados por Random Forest, utilizando 10.000 árvores de decisão, com um erro modal de 12,8%, obteve-se uma taxa de sensibilidade de 81,6% e especificidade de 92,5% na predição de novos casos de hanseníase. O modelo de Random Forest foi utilizado para o monitoramento de contatos domiciliares no período de 05 anos. Esta ferramenta de análise identificou entre os contatos, 02 doentes, mesmo antes do diagnóstico clínico. Ao final do período de acompanhamento, 03 contatos domiciliares foram notificados como casos novos de hanseníase. Desta forma, o modelo proposto pela análise Random Forest permitiu diagnosticar casos de hanseníase com alta sensibilidade e especificidade e identificar precocemente novos casos entre os contatos domiciliares durante o monitoramento. / The diagnosis of leprosy is eminently clinical and may be supplemented with bacilloscopy, histopathology and immunological tests. Classical bacteriological methods for the identification of pathogenic bacteria can not be applied for the diagnosis of leprosy, mainly due to the impossibility of in vitro culture of M. leprae. Histopathological examination and smear microscopy have been used as auxiliary methods for the clinical classification of cases. Molecular and serological techniques have been evaluated as diagnostic tools in leprosy. Unlike smear microscopy, which requires about 104 organisms per gram of tissue for actual detection, PCR is a technique of high specificity and sensitivity, capable of detecting 25 fg (10-15g) of M. leprae DNA. In addition, a possibility of its use in almost all types of clinical specimens gives this method a high potential for differential diagnosis. Serological tests are aimed at detecting specific antibodies against M. leprae that indicate infection. These tests may be useful in monitoring therapy efficacy, in determining disease prevalence, and in assessing the distribution of infection between household contacts. It is considered that the individual who resides or has lived with the leprosy patient has a higher risk of becoming ill in relation to the general population due to the fact that they are exposed to M. leprae. Relatives of patients Multibacillary and Paucibacillary should be examined, regardless of the time of conviviality. It is suggested to evaluate annually, for five years, all non-sick contacts, whether family or social. In this study we used the support of Artificial Intelligence (Random Forest) for integrated analysis of serological and molecular methods, in the diagnosis of new cases of leprosy and monitoring of household contacts for a period of five years. The study was developed in Governador Valadares - MG, considered an endemic area of leprosy. The proposed design is of the longitudinal type, with the collection of cadastral data of all cases diagnosed in 2011 and their respective household contacts registered in the period of 2011, 2012 and 2016. A total of 196 subjects, including 43 cases, 113 household contacts and 40 individuals considered endemic controls who reported not having lived with patients with leprosy or a history of leprosy in the family were included in the study. Blood samples and intradermal scrapings were collected from leprosy cases and their respective household contacts for analysis by qPCR (16S rRNA) and ELISA (anti-ND-O-LID and LID-1). The integrated analysis of the data was performed through Random Forest with the objective of improving the performance of the tests for leprosy diagnosis. In isolation, the qPCR showed sensitivity of 48.8% and specificity of 100% in the diagnosis of leprosy cases. In the anti-NDO- LID ELISA the sensitivity reached was 57.9% and specificity was 97.5%, whereas in the anti-LID-1 assay the sensitivity and specificity were 63.2% and 92.5%, respectively. However, the integrated analysis of the data by Random forest, using 10,000 decision trees, with a modal error of 12.8%, obtained a sensitivity rate of 81.6% and specificity of 92.5% in the prediction of new cases of leprosy. The Random Forest model was used to monitor household contacts within a period of 5 years. This analysis tool identified between the contacts, 02 patients, even before the clinical diagnosis. At the end of the follow-up period, 03 household contacts were reported as new cases of leprosy. Thus, the model proposed by the Random Forest analysis allowed the diagnosis of leprosy cases with high sensitivity and specificity and early identification of new cases among household contacts during monitoring.

Dans le cadre de nos études doctorales, nous avons travaillé au sein d'une école d'ingénierie de renom qui a développé un partenariat avec l'entreprise Ecoway, en vue du développement de l'innovation de service Movin'out. Adressée aux particuliers (BtoC), aux entreprises, aux opérateurs et aux collectivités (BtoB), cette innovation se présente sous la forme d'une plateforme comunautaire d'écomobilité, visant à inciter les individus à adopter des modes de déplacement vertueux, et donc alternatifs à l'utilisation individuelle de la voiture. Malencontreusement, l'innovation de service responsable Movin'out n'a pas rencontrer le succès attendu pendant notre présence sur le terrain de recherche, et a été rejetée par les adopteurs potentiels sans générer l'effet communautaire.Malgré la richesse de la littérature sur la diffusion et l'adoption des innovations, celle-ci reste fragmentée. En effet, différentes approches ont vu le jour à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines. Ainsi, pour répondre à la question centrale de cette thèse et pour inscrire nos travaux dans le champ théorique du marketing de l'innovation, nous nous sommes premièrement concentrés sur l'approche linéaire développée par Rogers (2003) pour une analyse au niveau des individus, ainsi que sur les travaux sur les communautés virtuelles (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010), pour une analyse au niveau collectif de l'innovation. Toutefois, ces approches, ne tenant pas compte de l'environnement social de l'individu et des interactions qu'il peut avoir avec l'objet (l'innovation) et les autres individus (les réseaux), nous les complétons avec les travaux en sociologie de l'innovation pour souligner l'importance des interactions dans les réseaux pour la construction réussie d'une innovation.Nous constatons que chaque approche théorique prise séparément en se focalisant sur un niveau d'analyse, que ce soit l'acteur individuel ou collectif, ne peut offrir une vision d'ensemble de la diffusion et de l'adoption des innovations. Aussi, notre objectif est de proposer une approche intégratrice à la croisée du marketing et de la sociologie de l'innovation afin d'analyser la construction échouée d'une innovation de service responsable en train de se faire, sur un marché en émergence, celui de l'écomobilité. L'approche intégratrice se situe ainsi à différents niveaux d'observation : l'individu, la communauté, le réseau. Le parti pris de cette thèse est d'articuler ces niveaux afin d'identifier et d'analyser les comportements de résistance aux innovations de services responsables. Notre contribution se situe dans la mobilisation de cette approche intégratrice pour étudier un sujet peu traité dans la littérature : l'échec d'une innovation. / As part of our doctoral studies, we worked in an engineering school that has developed a partnership with the company Ecoway , for the development of Movin'out service innovation. Addressed to individuals ( BtoC ) , enterprises , service providers and communities ( BtoB) , this innovation comes in the form of a Community eco-mobility platform , to encourage individuals to adopt virtuous modes of transport , and therefore alternative to individual car use . Unfortunately, Movin'out responsible for innovation does not meet the expected success for our presence in the search field and was rejected by potential adopters without generating the communautary effect.Despite the wealth of literature on the diffusion and adoption of innovations, it remains fragmented. Indeed, different approaches have emerged at the crossroads of several disciplines (economics, sociology, management, psychology, etc.) (Masson, Weil and Hatchuel, 2006). So, to answer the central question of this thesis and to register our work in the theoretical field of marketing innovation, we primarily focused on the linear approach developed by Rogers (2003) for an analysis at the individual level as well as work on virtual communities (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010) for a discussion at the collective level of innovation. However, these approaches, disregarding the social environment of the individual and the interactions it may have with the object (innovation) and other individuals (networks), we complete the work sociology of innovation to emphasize the importance of interaction in networks for the successful construction of innovation.We find that every theoretical approach taken separately by focusing on a level of analysis, whether individual or collective actor, can provide an overall view of the diffusion and adoption of innovations. Also, our goal is to provide an integrative approach at the crossroads of marketing and sociology of innovation to analyze the failed construction of a responsible service innovation in the making, on an emerging market, the ecomobility. The integrative approach is thus situated at different levels of observation: the individual, the community, the network. The bias of this thesis is to articulate these in order to identify and analyze the behavior of resistance to innovations. Our contribution lies in the mobilization of this inclusive approach to study a little treated in the literature about: the failure of an innovation.

This thesis is presented as a collection of five papers and one report, each of which has been either published after peer review or submitted for publication. It covers a broad range of applied statistical methods, from deterministic modelling to integrated Bayesian modelling using MCMC, via bootstrapping and stochastic simulation. It also covers a broad range of subjects, from analysis of recreational fishing diaries, to genetic mark recapture for wombats. However, it focuses on practical applications of statistics to the management of wild populations. The first chapter (Hoyle and Jellyman 2002, published in Marine and Freshwater Research) applies a simple deterministic yield per recruit model to a fishery management problem: possible overexploitation of the New Zealand longfin eel. The chapter has significant implications for longfin eel fishery management. The second chapter (Hoyle and Cameron 2003, published in Fisheries Management and Ecology) focuses on uncertainty in the classical paradigm, by investigating the best way to estimate bootstrap confidence limits on recreational harvest and catch rate using catch diary data. The third chapter (Hoyle et al., in press with Molecular Ecology Notes) takes a different path by looking at genetic mark-recapture in a fisheries management context. Genetic mark-recapture was developed for wildlife abundance estimation but has not previously been applied to fish harvest rate estimation. The fourth chapter (Hoyle and Banks, submitted) addresses genetic mark-recapture, but in the wildlife context for estimates of abundance rather than harvest rate. Our approach uses individual-based modeling and Bayesian analysis to investigate the effect of shadows on abundance estimates and confidence intervals, and to provide guidelines for developing sets of loci for populations of different sizes and levels of relatedness. The fifth chapter (Hoyle and Maunder 2004, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation) applies integrated analysis techniques developed in fisheries to the modeling of protected species population dynamics - specifically the north-eastern spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata. It combines data from a number of different sources in a single statistical model, and estimates parameters using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian MCMC. The sixth chapter (Hoyle 2002, peer reviewed and published as Queensland Department of Primary Industries Information Series) results directly from a pressing management issue: developing new management procedures for the Queensland east coast Spanish mackerel fishery. It uses an existing stock assessment as a starting point for an integrated Bayesian management strategy evaluation. Possibilities for further research have been identified within the subject areas of each chapter, both within the chapters and in the final discussion chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LidianeSN_DISSERT.pdf: 4629879 bytes, checksum: d28e312771a5a0b81c006b055f5b7eb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The coastal zone has been studied worldwide with a focus on the coastal erosion. In the present days, much of the world's coastlines are being affected by erosion, which causes great damage to the economy. This work had as study case the beaches of Areia Preta, Artistas, Meio and Forte located in Natal in Rio Grande do Norte. It shows as result the monitoring of the beach strip that makes possible to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, allows the study of the coastal dynamics of the beaches and the Recovery Project of the Areia Preta beach interference on adjacent beaches. This research was guided by the integrated analysis method on the systemic perspective. The pratical procedures adopted were: bibliographic research; fieldwork during eleven months (environmental characterization, collection of hydrodynamic data, topographic leveling, collection of sediments) and; sedimentological analysis of samples collected. By monitoring of the points A, B, C, D and E we were able to find the occurrence of the coastal erosion on their biggest part except by the C and D profiles. It was noted the need for the government to complete the hydraulic fill, as it made only 60% of the landfill planed. It was found that the spikes built on the beach of Areia Preta are preventing the natural transport of sediments that the longshore performs towards South-North. This interference is causing the lack of sediment on the beaches of Forte and Meio and their coastal erosion in consequence / A zona costeira tem sido estudada em escala mundial com o enfoque na eros?o costeira. Atualmente, grande parte das linhas de costa mundial est? sendo afetada pela eros?o, o que gera grande preju?zo para a economia. O trabalho teve como ?rea de estudo as praias de Areia Preta, dos Artistas, do Meio e do Forte, localizadas em Natal/RN. Apresenta como resultado o monitoramento da faixa de praia, que possibilita a obten??o de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, permite o estudo da din?mica costeira das praias e da interfer?ncia do projeto de recupera??o da praia de Areia Preta nas praias adjacentes. Esta pesquisa foi norteada pelo m?todo da an?lise integrada, na perspectiva sist?mica. Os procedimentos pr?ticos adotados foram: pesquisa bibliogr?fica; trabalho de campo durante onze meses (caracteriza??o ambiental, coleta de dados hidrodin?micos, nivelamento topogr?fico e coleta de sedimentos) e; an?lise sedimentol?gica das amostras coletadas. Atrav?s do monitoramento dos pontos A, B, C, D e E, foi poss?vel constatar a ocorr?ncia de eros?o costeira em todos os perfis. Notou-se a necessidade do poder p?blico completar o aterro hidr?ulico, j? que este efetuou apenas 60% do aterro previsto. Constatou-se que os espig?es constru?dos na praia de Areia Preta est?o impedindo o transporte natural de sedimentos, que a deriva litor?nea realiza no sentido Sul-Norte. Essa interfer?ncia est? acarretando na falta de sedimentos nas praias do Meio e do Forte e, conseq?entemente, na eros?o costeira das referidas praias

反壟斷法(我國為公平交易法)上的效率抗辯，是指經營者通過證明結合的效率效果足以抵消或超過反競爭效果而取得反壟斷法豁免。“減損競爭”和“促進效率”這兩大因素的權衡是企業結合反壟斷控制的核心內容。 第一章為引言部分，提出本文的研究動機，並對研究方法、研究限制及論文大綱進行簡要介紹。在第二章介紹效率抗辯定義，及反壟斷法視野下普遍被接受的主要效率類型。第三章對效率抗辯制度在歐美國家的發展作了回顧。第四章則是利用經濟分析方法，計算反競爭效果，再比較分析實質性減少競爭標準和嚴重妨礙有效競爭標準之差異。第五章分三部份，第5.1章提及普遍被採納的效率抗辯模式，主要係一體分析模式、抵消分析模式和混合分析模式三種。並建議基於我國國情和《公平交易法》的相關規定，我國宜採用混合分析模式。第5. 2章就效率抗辯制度的適用標準而言，主要有價格標準、消費者剩餘標準、總剩餘標準和權重平衡標準。第5. 3章建議確立效率抗辯制度的證明標準、證明方法。尤其，就效率抗辯制度的適用條件而言，主要有效率為集中所特有、效率的及時性、效率的可證實性、在壟斷或接近壟斷的集中案件不應適用等要件。第六章建議我國明確建立安全港標準，凡屬於安全港範圍的結合不再作進一步審查。第七章綜合上述的結論，試著對我國效率抗辯制度建立提供建議 。 關鍵字：效率抗辯、事業結合、實質性減少競爭標準、嚴重妨礙有效競爭標準、抵消分析、一體分析、混合分析、價格標準、消費者福利標準、總剩餘標準、權重平衡標準 / The efficiency plea on the antitrust law refers that the intensified efficiency effect proved by the operator is sufficient to set off or stronger than the anti-competition effect so as to be exempted by the antitrust law. Competition impairment and efficiency promotion are two factors need to be traded off during the anti-monopoly control on concentration for business operators. Chapter One presents the motive , approach, framework, scope and limitations of the paper. Chapter Two introduces the definition of efficiency and the main types of efficiency which includes production efficiency, allocative efficiency, dynamic efficiency and other efficiencies. Chapter Three provides a brief history of efficiency plea practices in Europe and the United States . Chapter 4 tries to compare the Substantial Lessening of Competition test (SLC) with Significantly Impedes Effective Competition test (SIEC ) standards and try to prove the SIEC is suitable for our country. Chapter 4 also attempts to analyze anti-competitive effects of mergers by using economic analysis methods. Chapter Five is divided into three sections. Section one analyzes the main types of efficiency defense system models, including the integrated analysis model, offset analysis model and mixed analysis model. Considering the actual situation in our country and in accordance with regulations by the Antitrust Law of Taiwan, a mixed analysis mode is suggested for application. Section two focuses on the welfare standards of price standard, consumer welfare standard, the total surplus standard and the balancing weights standard. Section three recommends that standard of proof and method of proof and types of application conditions shall be established. Especially, the main types of application conditions are efficiency specific to concentration, the timeliness of the efficiency, the verifiability of the efficiency and whether the efficiency defense system is applied in the situation of near monopoly. Chapter Six defines the relevant market and suggest Critical loss analysis should be introduced for the relevant market definition. Chapter Six also suggests to adopt the " strong safe harbor" standard which means that once undertakings belong to the safe harbor range，they will no longer be subject to further review. The final chapter tries to offer some suggestions on the establishment of efficiency defense in Taiwan . Key words: efficiency plea, concentration of undertakings, the Substantial Lessening of integrated analysis model, offset analysis model, mixed analysis model, price standard, consumer welfare standard, the total surplus standard, the balancing weights standard