Contém produto: Produto Educacional 1: manual do professor. Produto Educacional 2: manual do aluno. / O crescente avanço científico, tecnológico e a ampla acessibilidade à informação atribuem à escola a função de tornar conhecimentos sobre Tecnologia de Informação (TI) significativos a indivíduos inseridos em uma sociedade em constante transformação. Para tanto, a escola precisa de metodologias educacionais que propiciem aos jovens uma maior autonomia para que sejam qualificados a participar de forma ativa na comunidade, promovendo mudanças que produzam progressos para o desenvolvimento da cidadania. Um dos pilares desta construção é o Ensino de Ciências, onde se destacam os saberes referentes à disciplina de Química que são importantes para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e tecnológico da população. Entretanto, o Ensino de Química no espaço escolar está distante da vida prática do adolescente e da sociedade, restringindo-se à memorização de fórmulas, nomenclaturas e teorias. Para esta investigação científica, estabeleceu-se como objetivo analisar se os conhecimentos sobre gerenciamento de resíduos e logística reversa articulados à conteúdos de Eletroquímica, no Ensino de Química, podem sensibilizar alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio quanto aos impactos ambientais causados por descarte inadequado de pilhas e baterias, por meio de uma proposta de desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma Sequência Didática (SD). O delineamento metodológico para este estudo envolveu a pesquisa participativa e uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A pesquisa foi aplicada no Colégio Estadual Zumbi dos Palmares no município de Colombo, Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, e destinada a quatro turmas de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, totalizando 96 discentes. Os resultados foram obtidos utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários anterior e posterior à aplicação da Sequência Didática (SD), com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha. Foi possível ponderar que os estudantes já tinham um certo conhecimento sobre os impactos ambientais decorrentes do descarte inadequado de pilhas e baterias, sabiam sobre postos de coleta, conseguiram avaliar e declarar que tipo de pilha utilizam em seu cotidiano. Após a aplicação da SD, foi possível evidenciar que houve compreensão quanto ao conteúdo de Eletroquímica, além da sensibilização ambiental dos participantes. Disponibilizou-se o produto educacional com versões para professor e educandos a fim de tornar mais hábil o processo de ensino dos educandos, pretendendo, desta maneira, contribuir com a reflexão e o trabalho dos docentes e discentes no Ensino de Química. / The scientific and technological progress, as well as the wide accessibility to information, all assign to school the function of making knowledge about Information Technology (IT) meaningful to individuals who are inserted in a society which one is in constant transformation. Therefore, the school needs educational methodologies to provide Youth a great autonomy, in order to help them to be better qualified and participate in an actively way in their community promoting importante changes towards progress and development of citizenship. One of the main pillars of this construction is the elementary and middle school Science Education which emphasizes the knowledge related to the discipline of Chemistry so important for the economic, social and technological development of the population. However, the Chemistry for teaching in school environment is far from the real life of the adolescents and society. It remains limited to the memorization skills of formulas, nomenclatures and theories. Thus, the objective of this scientific investigation was to analyze if knowledge about waste management and reverse logistics, articulated to the contents of Eletrochemistry in the Teaching of Chemistry, can sensitize second year-students of High School about the environmental impacts caused by inappropriated disposal of used batteries. In this regard, it was created, developed, and applicated a Didactic Sequence (DS) as a tool to raise students awareness about those environmental impacts. The methodological development for this study was to envolve a participatory research and a quantitative-qualitative approach. The research was applied at the Zumbi dos Palmares State College in the city of Colombo, Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, and was destined to four high school classes, totaling 96 students. The results were obtained by using data collection instrument - the questionnaires – they were used before and after the application of the Didactic Sequence (DS), with open and multiple choice questions. It was possible to consider that the students already had a certain knowledge about the environmental impacts, resulting from the inadequate disposal of batteries. They knew about collection points, they were able to evaluate and declare what type of battery they use in their daily lives. After the application of DS, it was possible to show that there was understanding of the content of Electrochemistry. In addition, there was the environmental sensitization of the participants at the end of this research. The educational product was to provide with teachers and students versions in order to make the teaching and learning process more proficient so that it contributes to the reflection and works for teachers and students in the Teaching of Chemistry.

Based on literature review, statistics of waste management at ports in South Africa is hard to come by. The research critically assessed the current waste management practices at Transnet National Ports Authority. Transnet National Ports Authority, Port of Richards Bay (TNPA RCB) was used as a case study to examine the different types and quantities of waste produced, analysing the current waste management model as well as determining TNPA RCB compliance to pertinent waste legislation. A 10 day waste audit was conducted to obtain quantitative data and to identify the different types of waste generated. The baseline data resulting from the waste audit conducted for the first time since the establishment of the TNPA RCB, found 402 kg of general waste generated, 74 kg of this total is segregated for recycling and the remaining 328 kg is landfilled. The overall conclusion gained during compliance audit was that the TNPA RCB was partly compliant with pertinent waste legislation and obligations. Furthermore, questionnaires about waste were sent to staff members working in offices to get an overview of how they deal with current waste management. A number of barriers to sustainable waste management were identified, including: lack of knowledge and awareness; constraints on facilities and human resources; culture that resists change and contamination. To overcome these, there needs to be education, as well as co-operation between top management, staff and waste service providers to help implement new strategies. The primary conclusions from this dissertation are that there are opportunities to divert waste streams from landfill and to attain a sustainable waste management system at TNPA RCB. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Text in English / The study focused on the characterisation and management of non-formal solid waste disposal sites in Harare, the capital city of the Republic of Zimbabwe. In many developing countries, increasing urbanisation surpasses the development of urban infrastructure and this has led to the proliferation of informal settlements, illegal dumping sites and uncontrolled vending in cities like Harare. The researcher investigated the prevalence of non-formal dumping sites in Harare, including the composition, locational attributes and internal linkages of solid waste. Practices regarding the management of non-formal solid waste disposal sites were examined and areas of good practice and conformity to international standards were complemented while recommendations and suggestions were made on areas that were found wanting. An integrated management system was recommended for the sustainable management of solid waste. To support this recommendation, management window of responsibilities (EMWR) model was created so that the Harare City Council can enhance stakeholder participation. The research results show that most residents used non-conventional ways to store waste, like mealie-meal bags and sacks, and this posed a danger to human health. It also emerged that the city of Harare has not updated some of its by-laws, some of which were enacted about 33 years ago while others remained drafts for decades. This made it difficult for the city to effectively implement them. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

A deficiência na gestão de resíduos causa diversos problemas como os aterros irregulares, poluição da água e ar, saúde da população, contaminação dos solos e da água. Há mais de uma década legislações estão vigentes e sendo atualizadas com o intuito de amenizar os impactos decorrentes dos RCC’s. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho consiste em investigar a conformidade técnica e legal de sistemas de gerenciamento de resíduos de construção civil na cidade de Curitiba, no Estado do Paraná. Para isso, foi elaborada uma lista de verificação baseada nas normas vigentes e modelos de certificações ambientais. Foram visitadas 24 obras nas quais foi aplicada a lista de verificação, de forma a realizar um diagnóstico dos sistemas de gerenciamento atualmente utilizados. Mesmo a gestão de resíduos sendo obrigatória e limitante para obtenção do certificado de conclusão de obra, através desse diagnóstico foi possível verificar que os sistemas adotados são falhos, há falta de conscientização, e que a aparente conformidade documental não se traduz em efetivo gerenciamento dos RCC. / Waste management deficiency causes various problems like irregular landfill, water and air pollution, population health, soil and water contamination. For over a decade waste laws are in place and being updated in order to mitigate the impacts of RCC's. The main objective of the present work consists of investigate a technical and legal compliance of waste management systems of construction in Curitiba, State of Paraná. For this, a checklist has been drawn up based on current laws and models of environmental certifications. 24 civil constructions were visited and applied this checklist in each one in each one of them for it to be possible to make the analysis of the data. Even waste management is mandatory and limiting for obtaining CVCO through this diagnosis was verified that the systems adopted are failed, there is a lack awareness and that the apparent document compliance does not translate into effective management of RCC.

CAPES / Os resíduos oriundos da construção e demolição quando não têm uma destinação final adequada acarretam em problemas de ordem social, econômica e ambiental. O descarte que muitas vezes acontece em locais inapropriados, demonstra a necessidade de áreas para a correta disposição final em acordo com as normas vigentes. Visando a diminuição dos impactos causados por esse tipo de resíduos, buscando atender a legislação pertinente, a indicação de áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de resíduos de construção e demolição ou aterro classe A faz-se necessária. Para isso, foi utilizada a ferramenta de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), apoiada pela análise e decisão por multicritérios. O SIG utilizado como ferramenta base na identificação de possíveis áreas adequadas tem como vantagem: o baixo custo; maior rapidez no processo de tomada de decisão e a diversidade de cenários que podem ser analisados ao mesmo tempo, sendo de grande valia nas etapas de gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção e demolição. Integrando o SIG com a ferramenta de análise e tomada de decisão por multicritérios, tem-se como resultado a indicação de possíveis áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de construção civil e inertes para o Núcleo Central Urbano da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. / The construction and demolition (C&D) waste when do not have a proper final disposal; result in social, economic and environmental problems. The disposal often happens in inappropriate locations and demonstrates the necessity of adequate areas for the waste final disposal but also the selected site must be in accordance with local standards and regulations. Considering all these facts, the aim of this work is to indicate possible suitable areas for C&D waste landfill, using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, supported by Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The GIS used as a basic tool to identify possible suitable areas has several advantages: low cost; faster decision-making process and various scenarios can be analyzed simultaneously, being a valuable tool in all the construction and demolition waste management steps. Integrating GIS with MCDA has resulted in the indication of possible suitable areas for C&D waste disposal, having as a study area the Urban Central Core of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Keywords: Geographic Information System. Co

Esta Tese desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliação de desempenho ambiental no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos industriais. A verificação das práticas considera o transcurso do ciclo de vida do produto por meio de indicadores e índices tendo como parâmetros alicerçadores a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e conceitos afins, como a logística reversa, a Produção mais Limpa e o Ecodesign, além de normas da série ISO 14000 tais como Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, Integração de aspectos ambientais no projeto e desenvolvimento de produtos, Rotulagem ambiental e Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental. O objetivo central da Tese, que foi desenvolver um modelo para avaliação de desempenho ambiental, esta contido neste panorama, o qual recorreu aos recursos da modelagem fuzzy a fim de assessorar as organizações na tomada de decisões. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, embasou a construção do instrumento denominado Índice de Desempenho Ambiental da Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais (IDEA PNRS+L). Este se constitui de 26 indicadores e 23 índices, concebido na forma top-down soft decision tree. O cálculo dos índices, compostos de regras fuzzy, variáveis e suas inferências, incluiu a visão de um grupo de especialistas, em pesquisa de opinião, para ajustar os graus de influência das variáveis de cada índice. Nas simulações, testes e aplicação do instrumento em uma indústria para avaliar as suas potencialidades, o IDEA PNRS+L mostrou-se sensível, mesmo para pequenas variações dos dados de entrada, plausível e confiável, ao reproduzir o comportamento estabelecido em sua concepção. Os parâmetros alicerçadores que constituíram o corpo teórico, concluindo, foram assaz abrangentes e permitiram a construção do instrumento de avaliação de desempenho ambiental IDEA PNRS+L, considerado adequado para a arbitragem das organizações. Concomitantemente, foram recuperadas as normas, concepções de iniciativas governamentais e atitudes profissionais ambientalmente corretas apoiadas em conceitos vanguardistas de produtos e serviços. / This Thesis develops an instrument for evaluating environmental performance in management of industrial solid waste. The practices verification consider the industrial product life-cycle through indicators and indices based on the National Policy on Solid Waste parameters and related concepts such as reverse logistics, Cleaner Production and Ecodesign, and standards like ISO 14000 series such as environmental management systems, integrating environmental aspects in product design and development, environmental labels and Environmental Performance Evaluation. The central Thesis’ aim, that was to develop an environmental evaluating model, contains this panorama, which calls on a fuzzy modeling tool to assist organizations in making decisions. Two methodological research groups covered the dicussions and the instrument construction called Environmental Performance Index of Industrial Solid Waste Management (IDEA PNRS+L): qualitative and quantitative. This fuzzy modeling is composed of 26 indicators and 23 index, conceived in top- down soft decision tree form. The index calculation - composed of fuzzy rules, variables and their inferences - included a group of specialists respondents view, through a survey, to adjust the variables influence degrees of each index. In the simulations, testing and application of the created instrument in an industry to assess their potential, IDEA PNRS+L was sensitive even to small variations of the input data, plausible and reliable, to reproduce the behavior established in the initial configuration. Concluding, the fundamental parameters that formed the theoretical framework were quite comprehensive and allowed the construction of Environmental Performance Evaluation called IDEA PNRS+L, appropriated for industrial arbitration. Simultaneously, the rules, government initiatives concepts and accurated environmentally professional attitudes supported by avant-garde products and services concepts were recuperated.

CAPES / Os resíduos oriundos da construção e demolição quando não têm uma destinação final adequada acarretam em problemas de ordem social, econômica e ambiental. O descarte que muitas vezes acontece em locais inapropriados, demonstra a necessidade de áreas para a correta disposição final em acordo com as normas vigentes. Visando a diminuição dos impactos causados por esse tipo de resíduos, buscando atender a legislação pertinente, a indicação de áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de resíduos de construção e demolição ou aterro classe A faz-se necessária. Para isso, foi utilizada a ferramenta de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), apoiada pela análise e decisão por multicritérios. O SIG utilizado como ferramenta base na identificação de possíveis áreas adequadas tem como vantagem: o baixo custo; maior rapidez no processo de tomada de decisão e a diversidade de cenários que podem ser analisados ao mesmo tempo, sendo de grande valia nas etapas de gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção e demolição. Integrando o SIG com a ferramenta de análise e tomada de decisão por multicritérios, tem-se como resultado a indicação de possíveis áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de construção civil e inertes para o Núcleo Central Urbano da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. / The construction and demolition (C&D) waste when do not have a proper final disposal; result in social, economic and environmental problems. The disposal often happens in inappropriate locations and demonstrates the necessity of adequate areas for the waste final disposal but also the selected site must be in accordance with local standards and regulations. Considering all these facts, the aim of this work is to indicate possible suitable areas for C&D waste landfill, using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, supported by Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The GIS used as a basic tool to identify possible suitable areas has several advantages: low cost; faster decision-making process and various scenarios can be analyzed simultaneously, being a valuable tool in all the construction and demolition waste management steps. Integrating GIS with MCDA has resulted in the indication of possible suitable areas for C&D waste disposal, having as a study area the Urban Central Core of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Keywords: Geographic Information System. Co

Esta Tese desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliação de desempenho ambiental no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos industriais. A verificação das práticas considera o transcurso do ciclo de vida do produto por meio de indicadores e índices tendo como parâmetros alicerçadores a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e conceitos afins, como a logística reversa, a Produção mais Limpa e o Ecodesign, além de normas da série ISO 14000 tais como Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, Integração de aspectos ambientais no projeto e desenvolvimento de produtos, Rotulagem ambiental e Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental. O objetivo central da Tese, que foi desenvolver um modelo para avaliação de desempenho ambiental, esta contido neste panorama, o qual recorreu aos recursos da modelagem fuzzy a fim de assessorar as organizações na tomada de decisões. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, embasou a construção do instrumento denominado Índice de Desempenho Ambiental da Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais (IDEA PNRS+L). Este se constitui de 26 indicadores e 23 índices, concebido na forma top-down soft decision tree. O cálculo dos índices, compostos de regras fuzzy, variáveis e suas inferências, incluiu a visão de um grupo de especialistas, em pesquisa de opinião, para ajustar os graus de influência das variáveis de cada índice. Nas simulações, testes e aplicação do instrumento em uma indústria para avaliar as suas potencialidades, o IDEA PNRS+L mostrou-se sensível, mesmo para pequenas variações dos dados de entrada, plausível e confiável, ao reproduzir o comportamento estabelecido em sua concepção. Os parâmetros alicerçadores que constituíram o corpo teórico, concluindo, foram assaz abrangentes e permitiram a construção do instrumento de avaliação de desempenho ambiental IDEA PNRS+L, considerado adequado para a arbitragem das organizações. Concomitantemente, foram recuperadas as normas, concepções de iniciativas governamentais e atitudes profissionais ambientalmente corretas apoiadas em conceitos vanguardistas de produtos e serviços. / This Thesis develops an instrument for evaluating environmental performance in management of industrial solid waste. The practices verification consider the industrial product life-cycle through indicators and indices based on the National Policy on Solid Waste parameters and related concepts such as reverse logistics, Cleaner Production and Ecodesign, and standards like ISO 14000 series such as environmental management systems, integrating environmental aspects in product design and development, environmental labels and Environmental Performance Evaluation. The central Thesis’ aim, that was to develop an environmental evaluating model, contains this panorama, which calls on a fuzzy modeling tool to assist organizations in making decisions. Two methodological research groups covered the dicussions and the instrument construction called Environmental Performance Index of Industrial Solid Waste Management (IDEA PNRS+L): qualitative and quantitative. This fuzzy modeling is composed of 26 indicators and 23 index, conceived in top- down soft decision tree form. The index calculation - composed of fuzzy rules, variables and their inferences - included a group of specialists respondents view, through a survey, to adjust the variables influence degrees of each index. In the simulations, testing and application of the created instrument in an industry to assess their potential, IDEA PNRS+L was sensitive even to small variations of the input data, plausible and reliable, to reproduce the behavior established in the initial configuration. Concluding, the fundamental parameters that formed the theoretical framework were quite comprehensive and allowed the construction of Environmental Performance Evaluation called IDEA PNRS+L, appropriated for industrial arbitration. Simultaneously, the rules, government initiatives concepts and accurated environmentally professional attitudes supported by avant-garde products and services concepts were recuperated.

Dans la cadre des « Pay as You Throw » ou système de redevance incitative, le montant payé par chaque ménage est lié à la quantité de déchets émis. Les fonds générés par un système PAYT varient d’un cas à l’autre et ne couvrent pas forcément les coûts réellement engendrés. C’est ce que nous avons dénommé les PAYT de 1ère génération.<p>L’autorité peut décider d’aller plus loin en appliquant une redevance représentant le coût exact de la gestion des déchets. Pour ce, elle doit établir une comptabilité analytique des postes liés à la gestion des déchets. C’est le cas de la Région wallonne qui à travers l’application de son coût vérité des déchets impose une couverture des coûts s’approchant des 100%. Nous appelons ce concept « PAYT de 2ème génération ». <p>La condition préalable est de disposer, dès la mise en place de système PAYT, d’un cadre standard d’expression des coûts. Or, en Région wallonne, le cadre commun a été réduit à une simple énumération de libellés de recettes et dépenses, traduisant des concepts généraux.<p><p>Notre travail propose, d’une part, une normalisation du calcul et le développement d’une méthodologie de comptabilité analytique basée sur les règles de comptabilité budgétaire communale. <p>Parallèlement, l’application du coût-vérité ne donne qu’une image financière de la gestion des déchets des villes et communes. En aucune façon, il ne donne d’information concernant le niveau de service offert, ni le niveau des performances environnementales. Notre travail propose donc, d’autre part, l’ajout d’un calcul des performances environnementales et des services comme piste d’amélioration du système coût-vérité wallon. <p>Nous représentons virtuellement la gestion des déchets par une pyramide reposant sur 3 piliers :le coût, l’environnement et les services, et dont la hauteur représente la quantité produite. Sous le prisme du développement durable de nos villes et communes, la gestion des déchets devrait atteindre un parfait équilibre entre efficacité environnementale, accessibilité économique et acceptabilité sociale en assurant une qualité de vie aujourd’hui et demain pour les générations futures. <p><p>Le coût vérité wallon, déjà PAYT de 2ème génération puisqu’il impose une maîtrise transparente des coûts, deviendrait, en intégrant ces notions de développement durable, PAYT de 3ème génération.<p> / Doctorat en environnement, Orientation gestion de l'environnement / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (M. Sc.(Geography)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Global production of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) is dominated by South Africa due to its large economic resources base in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). PGMs are used in a wide range of high technology applications worldwide including medicinal, industrial and commercial purposes, and its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and creating jobs for many. In an area where mining activities dominate, there are likely to be problems that need effective environmental management approaches, which can be facilitated through legislations. Marula Platinum Mine (MPM) is located in Limpopo province BIC which has the second largest number of mining productivity in South Africa. Environmental legislations have been put in place by the South African government in order to avoid or minimise the footprints caused by PGM mining. This study looked at environmental compliance with solid waste management practices by Marula Platinum Mine (MPM) as guided by Mineral and Petroleum and Resource Development Act (MPRDA) and National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) as well as the environmental impacts of MPM in the surrounding communities. Both primary (questionnaires, field observations and key informant interviews) and secondary (NEMA, MPRDA, journals, reports, pamphlets, internet and books) data was used to address the objectives of the study. Descriptive method and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 were used for the analysis of data. The key research results revealed that MPM was compliant with 65% and 21% partially compliant with solid waste management practices. Only 14% of information on solid waste management practices could not be accessed because MPM is still operational. MPM had also had negative footprints on the surrounding villages such as dust generation and cracks on walls and floors on houses of community members, strikes and increase in the usage of substance abuse. Recommendations of the study are that MPM should address challenges that hinder environmental compliance so as to be 100% compliant with MPRDA and NEMA regulations. MPM should also provide other mitigation measures for blasting of explosives to reduce dust generation and problems of cracks on houses of surrounding village members.