The problem of this study was to determine the interrelationship of intelligence, socio-economic status, and ten subtest measures of achievement in a selected population of high-school seniors. In addition to the general problem, the specific problems were as follows: 1. To determine the relative independence of dependence of each of the variables in relation to their influence on each of the other variables. 2. To determine the degree of predictive validity with which behavioral regression equations can be used in terms of intelligence, achievement, and socio-economic status.

Emerson frequently illustrates his philosophy with complementary scientific examples that clarify his ideas. This study examines Emerson's enumeration of the laws and powers of Intellect in conjunction with twentieth-century science, illustrating his ideas in the method he often employs. The physiological model of the two hemispheres of the brain parallels the two intelligences Emerson ascribes to man--understanding and reason. Hemispheric theories describe an analogue to the Emersonian epiphany-- hemispheric integration--and help to distinguish the epiphany from other experiences associated with altered states of consciousness. Quantum physics and relativity theory illustrate the vision of the unity of nature perceived during the epiphany. Using modern science to illustrate Emerson's ideas in this way makes us apprentice to a rhetorical technique used and advocated by him.

The aim of this study is to make an inquiry on the nature and the development of dualities in Bergson&rsquo / s philosophy. Since the nature of each duality differs from the others and the dualistic pattern inherent in Bergsonian philosophy is subject to change, we base our study on a chronological structure in order to comprehend better how this pattern changes. We claim that such an inquiry will yield relevant outcomes with regard to ontological and epistemological evolution of Bergson&rsquo / s thought. To state more precisely, we are of the idea that the modification in the dualistic pattern in Bergson&rsquo / s ontology is reflected in a parallel manner in his epistemology. The fundamental question that shows us the way to follow in our study is whether the elements of the dualities (whether they be ontological or epistemological) are reconciled by Bergson or they are left as absolutely distinct elements. At the end of the inquiry regarding that question, which we believe can be taken as an inspiring point in developing new approaches especially to epistemological problems, our conviction is that Bergson points out to a meeting point.

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the children in the study on some psychometric tests and to find out whether iron deficiency had any effect on cognitive skills as measured by the selected psychometric tests. The study also wanted to find out if there would be any gender differences on the psychometric tests. A sample of 810 children was selected from eleven schools from the rural Southern part of KwaZulu-Natal. The children were of ages eight to ten years old, were all Zulu speaking and in standard one. Blood samples were taken from all the children to determine iron levels. Psychometric tests viz., the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Young's Group Mathematics Test, were all administered to measure cognitive performance. The results showed no significant iron level effects on most of the measured cognitive skills. There were some significant gender effects on all the psychometric tests except for the Maths test. There was general low performance on all the psychometric tests. Therefore, the results highlighted the importance of designing more tests that can be standardized and thus be applicable to Zulu speaking children and other children with similar backgrounds. The tests should also be able to tap into the cognitive skills that may be affected by iron levels. There is also a great need for studies looking at the lower end of iron deficiency. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

This study investigated Black and Indian South African's estimates of their own intelligence and that of their first two children. Parents gave estimates for seven types of intelligence (Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences) and overall intelligence. The purpose of this study was to establish if gender and/or cultural differences existed in the estimates of intelligence. The participants were asked to complete a brief one-page questionnaire, the 'estimates of intelligence' questionnaire, which has been used in previous studies in this field (Furnham et al, 2004; Furnham et al, 2002a; Furnham & Mkhize, 2002; Furnham, 2000; Furnham et al, 1999; Furnham & Baguma, 1999, Furnham & Gasson, 1998). The results indicated that Indian South Africans gave higher estimates of intelligence than Black South Africans for their own intelligence and that of their children (first and secondborn children). In addition, mothers were found to give higher self-estimates for musical intelligence than their male counterparts. No gender differences were found for parents' estimates of their first and second-born children. In comparing parents' estimates of their own intelligence as compared to their children, parents gave higher estimates of their own intelligence. The predictors of overall intelligence were also explored. Parents were also asked to answer six close-ended questions, which investigated their views of intelligence and intelligence tests. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

This study investigated Black, White, and Indian South African university students' lay theories of intelligence. 260 students participated in this study, with an age range of 18 - 39 years. The study, which is based on the theory of multiple intelligences, explored everyday perceptions of intelligence across race groups in a South African setting. The independent variables of interest were race/culture and gender, while overall and multiple intelligences served as dependent variables. Participants were asked to rate their own overall (general) as well as multiple intelligences. They were then asked to rate the overall as well as multiple intelligences of in-group (same race) and out-group (different race) members of both genders. There was a statistically significant race effect, with White and Indian students giving Black students lower ratings and Black students in turn giving White and Indian students lower ratings. This may be a result of historically racialized discourses that still influence everyday perceptions of the 'Other'. There was a statistically significant gender effect with females giving higher estimates to not only themselves, but also to mates as well for all the multiple intelligences. It can be postulated that this may be a consequence of a population that has been sensitized to gender stereotyping, in addition to educational institutions promoting female friendly policies. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

In his writings, Bergson criticizes the scientific concept of time as a discontinuous and homogeneous succession. According to Bergson, scientific methods do not lead to an authentic knowledge of the reality which is inherently continuous and heterogeneous for him. The more we objectify and conceptualize the world, the more far away are we from being aware of it and actually grasping it. The reason for this distance or distortion is our intellect that always operates with a linear concept of time and always serves everyday conduct. Thus it works with the delusion of time that produces a useful but to some extent illusory knowledge. The question for this thesis is how inteligence or intellect meets with reality in spite of their different nature. What makes it possible to connect our practical needs with reality. Is the world we are living in, the world of our practical life, real or just an illusion of reality? And how can we understand the meaning of our scientific cognition in this sense?

Ondřej Krása, Causes of the Creation of the World in Plato's Timaeus Abstract of the Thesis The aim of the thesis is to explain the causes of the creation of the world in Plato's Timaeus. The causes of the creation of the world are manifold. The Demiurge created the world according to an eternal paradigm. The paradigm of the world is an intelligible animal that encompasses everything that is eternal. The Demiurge is the best of eternal beings and created the world as an image of the entirety of eternal beings. What is then the relationship between the Demiurge, who is reason, and the entirety of eternal beings, that reason can comprehend? Timaeus characterizes the eternal being as having no other relationships than those towards itself. On the contrary, the Demiurge is a being that has constitutive relationships towards the world. The entirety of being that consists of both the Demiurge and that, which is in itself, is therefore a being in which reason relates self-contained relationships of that, which reason can comprehend, towards something else, namely becoming. The world was created in a receptacle as an embodied soul. Each body is a regular geometrical figure with no "matter" inside. Bodies are both in space and they are modifications of space. Souls are in space as well, but their being in space is...

The purpose of this project was to provide teachers with different teaching assessement, tools, approaches, and strategies. The context of this problem was to address the need to develop a teacher handbook proposal entitled Teachers' Handbook For Implementing Learning Styles Through the Multiple Intelligences.

Проблематику алгоритмизации мышления и исследования в области создания систем искусственного интеллекта объединяет вопрос «Может ли машина мыслить?» Несмотря на то, что две данные области по-разному отвечают на вопрос о возможности мышления машины, результаты достигнутые в одной области могут повлиять на другую. Объектом исследования являются проблематика алгоритмизации мышления и интеллект в концепции Дж. Хокинса. Предметом исследования являются ограничения на алгоритмизацию в связи с моделью «память-предсказание». Цель исследования - рассмотреть проблематику алгоритмизации мышления в связи с концепцией Дж. Хокинса. Методы, применяемые в исследовании: концептуальный и логический анализ. Новизна данной диссертационной работы заключается в сопоставлении проблематики алгоритмизации мышления с современным исследование в области создания ИИ, концепцией Дж. Хокинса. В результате исследования установлено, что в основе интеллекта лежит модель «память-предсказание». Используя данную модель, становится возможным решить практически все проблемы, связанные с ограничениями на алгоритмизацию мышления. Выяснено, что концепт обозримости доказательства можно применить для оптимизации работы интеллектуальных систем. / The problem of algorithmizing thinking and research in the field of creating artificial intelligence systems unites the question "Can the machine think?" Although these two areas of knowledge respond differently to the question of the machine's thinking capabilities, the results achieved in one area can affect the other. The object of research work are problems of algorithmization of thinking and intellect in the theory of J. Hawkins. The subject of the research work are constraints on algorithmization in connection with the memory-prediction model. The purpose of the research work is to consider the problems of algorithmizing thinking in connection with the theory of J. Hawkins. Methods used in the research work: conceptual and logical analysis. The novelty of this research work is to compare the problems of algorithmizing thinking with modern research in the field of creating AI, the concept of J. Hawkins. As a result of the research it was established that the intellect is based on the memory-prediction model. Using this model, it becomes possible to solve almost all the problems associated with limitations on the algorithmization of thinking. It is clarified that the concept of surveyability of proof can be applied to optimize the operation of intelligent systems.