В современном обществе остро встают моральные проблемы, связанные с деятельностью искусственного интеллекта и других интеллектуальных систем. В работе исследуются проблемы, связанные с влиянием сильного искусственного интеллекта на человеческое общество: проблемы определения прав и свобод искусственных когнитивных единиц, взаимодействия человека и постчеловека, а также этические проблемы, потенциально возникающие при создании ИИ. Объектом исследования является философское течение постгуманизм. Предметом исследования является морально-этическая составляющая подраздела постгуманизма под названием эссенциокогнитивизм. Целью является изучение моральных принципов сильного искусственного интеллекта и других интеллектуальных агентов, или, если точнее, постчеловечества, преломленное сквозь призму морально-этических учений прошлого и современности. Методами исследования являются сравнение с уже существующими моральными системами, анализ актуальных морально-нравственных концепций, конструирование (дизайн) и прогнозирование хода развития постгуманистической концепции. Актуальность представленного исследования основана на росте внимания к идеям научно-технического прогресса и технологической сингулярности, актуализации этических проблем слабого искусственного интеллекта, возникновении новых научных открытий, имеющих неоднозначное значение для человечества. В результате исследования установлено, что постчеловечество и ИИ способны положительно повлиять на жизнь человечества, поэтому их возникновение представляется отличной возможностью решить глобальные проблемы, стоящие перед человечеством уже сейчас. / In modern society, the moral problems associated with the activities of artificial intelligence and other intellectual systems are acute. The paper examines the problems associated with the influence of strong artificial intelligence on human society: the problem of determining the rights and freedoms of artificial cognitive units, the interaction between man and postman, as well as ethical problems that potentially arise when creating AI. The object of the research is the philosophical course of posthumanism. The subject of the research is the moral and ethical component of posthumanism subsection called essentiocognitivism. The goal is to study the moral principles of strong artificial intelligence and other intellectual agents, or, more precisely, post-humanity, refracted through the prism of the moral and ethical teachings of the past and present. The research methods are comparison with already existing moral systems, analysis of current moral and ethical concepts, design and forecasting the course of development of the post humanistic concept. The relevance of the presented research is based on the growth of attention to the ideas of scientific and technological progress and technological singularity, the updating of the ethical problems of weak artificial intelligence, the emergence of new scientific discoveries that have ambiguous significance for humanity. As the result of the research it was established that post-humanity and the AI have positively effect on the life of mankind, therefore, their appearance is an excellent opportunity to solve global problems facing humanity now.

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Ce mémoire aborde les particularités oratoires et littéraires du traité intitulé Le Tonnerre, Intellect Parfait ainsi que le rôle joué par la narratrice par sa révélation dans l'accomplissement du salut de ses membres. Le premier chapitre propose d'abord un bilan des études consacrées à la forme littéraire du traité et une analyse du genre oratoire et littéraire de la Brontè. Le deuxième chapitre examine les divers parallèles qu'il est possible d'établir entre la Brontè et d'autres types de littératures. Le troisième chapitre présente une analyse de quatre passages spécifiques. Outre le titre du traité, sont examinés le prologue et l'épilogue pour terminer avec deux passages portant sur les thématiques des Barbares-Grecs-Égyptiens ainsi que celle des membres, puisque ces dernières sont susceptibles de nous fournir des indices sur la figure de la Brontè.

Text in German / Many treatises and disquisitions concerning "Die Blendung" concentrate on the main character, Peter Kien, as well as on other protagonists. In contrast, this dissertation deals with Pfaff, the primitive force and his influence on Peter Kien, the "Brain", the masterspirit. Common traits of these di verse characters are highlighted and it is explained why Pfaff, the brute, manages to exult over Kien, the intellectual. Their interactions and their interdependence are dealt with and it is shown that insanity which is prevalent in both protagonists prepares the way to Kien's doom whereas it leads to Pfaff's survival. / Das Interesse zahlreicher Untersuchungen Uber "Die Blendung" konzentriert sich auf die Hauptperson, Peter Kien, sowie auf andere Protagonisten. Im Gegensatz dazu beschaftigt sich diese Arbei t mi t dem Hausmeister Pfaff, dem "Schadel", und mit dem EinfluB, den er auf Peter Kien, den "Kopf", den Geistesmenschen hat. Es wird versucht, Gemeinsamkeiten, die diese beiden so gegensatzlichen Charaktere aufweisen, aufzuzeigen und darzulegen, warum der Gewaltmensch Pfaff Uber den wirklichkeitsfremden Wissenschaftler Kien zu triumphieren vermag. Der EinfluB, den sie aufeinander nehmen, und die Abhangigkeit voneinander werden aufgezeigt, und es wird aufge fUhrt, wie der Wahnsinn, dem sie be ide verf all en, zu Kiens Untergang filhrt, wahrend Pfaffs Uberleben durch seinen Wahnsinn gesichert wird / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M. A. (German)

Text in German / Many treatises and disquisitions concerning "Die Blendung" concentrate on the main character, Peter Kien, as well as on other protagonists. In contrast, this dissertation deals with Pfaff, the primitive force and his influence on Peter Kien, the "Brain", the masterspirit. Common traits of these di verse characters are highlighted and it is explained why Pfaff, the brute, manages to exult over Kien, the intellectual. Their interactions and their interdependence are dealt with and it is shown that insanity which is prevalent in both protagonists prepares the way to Kien's doom whereas it leads to Pfaff's survival. / Das Interesse zahlreicher Untersuchungen Uber "Die Blendung" konzentriert sich auf die Hauptperson, Peter Kien, sowie auf andere Protagonisten. Im Gegensatz dazu beschaftigt sich diese Arbei t mi t dem Hausmeister Pfaff, dem "Schadel", und mit dem EinfluB, den er auf Peter Kien, den "Kopf", den Geistesmenschen hat. Es wird versucht, Gemeinsamkeiten, die diese beiden so gegensatzlichen Charaktere aufweisen, aufzuzeigen und darzulegen, warum der Gewaltmensch Pfaff Uber den wirklichkeitsfremden Wissenschaftler Kien zu triumphieren vermag. Der EinfluB, den sie aufeinander nehmen, und die Abhangigkeit voneinander werden aufgezeigt, und es wird aufge fUhrt, wie der Wahnsinn, dem sie be ide verf all en, zu Kiens Untergang filhrt, wahrend Pfaffs Uberleben durch seinen Wahnsinn gesichert wird / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M. A. (German)

Dans le mouvement d'extension de la portée sociale du logiciel libre s'est constituée une utopie, qui constitue un pan de l'imaginaire politique contemporain. Cette utopie s'étend désormais bien au-delà de son milieu socio-culturel d'origine (le milieu hacker), du fait des liens tissés entre " libristes " et défenseurs des " biens communs ", du poids croissant de l'approche open source, et à proportion de l'intérêt suscité par le logiciel libre chez certains intellectuels critiques à partir de la fin des années 1990. Reprenant l'idéal cybernétique de libre circulation de l'information, l'utopie du logiciel libre se présente comme une contestation de la vision néolibérale de la propriété intellectuelle, et comme une critique des formes d'organisation du travail caractéristiques du capitalisme industriel. Elle se déploie en tant qu'" utopie concrète " (E. Bloch), mettant en jeu des pratiques de collaboration en ligne, des créations juridiques originales, et des formes de militantisme. Elle embrasse un idéal d'auto-organisation de la société civile, fondé sur la valorisation d'un domaine d'activités sociales distinct tant de l'État que du marché. Elle est toutefois condamnée à demeurer en deçà de cet idéal, et reste par ailleurs toujours menacée par les séductions du mythe et les renoncements de l'idéologie.

The thesis deals with search for the meaning of human life in present time from the philosophical and theological point of view of Egon Bondy. Bondy perceives a human being as a biological and intellectual unity in which the peak of evolution has been reached. However, as to Bondy, this ?peak? has to be overcome, humans have to transcend and renew their humanity, otherwise they would get stuck at the place momentary reached where they are not happy and stand without any meaning. Bondy brings the concept of a ?non-substance model? of ontological reality, in which the attempts to find a common path for both theology and philosophy. This way we can also follow Egon Bondy?s development from atheism to the acceptance of ?living God?. Bondy reaches the opinion that human faith in God and the reception of grace offer person?s life the feeling of fulfilment which contemporary humanity has been so much lacking. Bondy hints at his spiritual experience of ?splendour inside?, where he could feel that the meaning of life cannot be reached by one?s own activity or just ?ordered?. The meaning of life can only be humbly expected.

South Africa has gone through immense changes in the past two decades. The period around 1994 has been characterised by a comprehensive set of political, social and economic changes, which greatly influenced not only the lives of individuals in this county but also many businesses, organisations and companies. Further to this, South Africa has become increasingly intercultural in orientation as companies persevered in establishing intricate networks with partners in a diverse set of cultures. This has put enormous strain on organisations to remain competitive in the market. It is critical that organisations develop a more resilient workforce with greater psychological capacities to succeed in the on-going war for talent. Attracting and retaining talented employees can give organisations a sustained competitive advantage. In view of the growing intricacies in the business world, ambiguity in markets, and employees’ attitudes, it is crucial that organisations invest in psychological assessments. However, investing in valid and reliable psychological assessments has become more difficult due to vast cultural diversity South Africa comprises off. The general objective of this study was to explore social desirability in the white Afrikaans group. A qualitative design was used and a quota non-probability sampling method was implemented among white Afrikaans-speaking people of South Africa (N=60), who differed from one another with regard to age, gender and socio-economic status. The measuring instrument was a semi-structured interview, which was based on the phenomenological approach. The results of the interviews were transcribed and captured in Excel. Content analysis was used to interpret the responses in socially desirable themes. Independent psychologists and language and cultural experts were employed in order to validate the initial interpretations. The descriptive terms were reduced through the use of cluster analysis. The analysis included the grouping of synonyms and antonyms, together with the use of dictionaries, literature and knowledge about content. In the representation of social desirability and impression management strategies within the white Afrikaner group, six main themes with sixty sub-themes in total were identified. The six themes are facilitating, gender-based, intellect-openness, interpersonal relatedness, intrapersonal relatedness and value-based. Firstly, to facilitate others by giving advice and guidance will be seen as desirable and make a favourable impression. Secondly, to display characteristics that are typically associated with males and females, such as masculinity and femininity, will be seen as desirable and can make a positive impression. Thirdly, having a unique natural ability or skill and being receptive to new and different ideas will be seen as desirable and make a good impression on others. Fourthly, remaining constructive in one’s relationships, and fifthly, remaining constructive in one’s inner thoughts and possessing inner confidence and having respect will make a favourable impression and can be seen as socially desirable. Lastly, exhibiting moral consciousness and being trustworthy, loyal and reliable will make a positive impression and will be perceived as desirable by the white Afrikaner group. Recommendations for future research and for practice were made. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

South Africa has gone through immense changes in the past two decades. The period around 1994 has been characterised by a comprehensive set of political, social and economic changes, which greatly influenced not only the lives of individuals in this county but also many businesses, organisations and companies. Further to this, South Africa has become increasingly intercultural in orientation as companies persevered in establishing intricate networks with partners in a diverse set of cultures. This has put enormous strain on organisations to remain competitive in the market. It is critical that organisations develop a more resilient workforce with greater psychological capacities to succeed in the on-going war for talent. Attracting and retaining talented employees can give organisations a sustained competitive advantage. In view of the growing intricacies in the business world, ambiguity in markets, and employees’ attitudes, it is crucial that organisations invest in psychological assessments. However, investing in valid and reliable psychological assessments has become more difficult due to vast cultural diversity South Africa comprises off. The general objective of this study was to explore social desirability in the white Afrikaans group. A qualitative design was used and a quota non-probability sampling method was implemented among white Afrikaans-speaking people of South Africa (N=60), who differed from one another with regard to age, gender and socio-economic status. The measuring instrument was a semi-structured interview, which was based on the phenomenological approach. The results of the interviews were transcribed and captured in Excel. Content analysis was used to interpret the responses in socially desirable themes. Independent psychologists and language and cultural experts were employed in order to validate the initial interpretations. The descriptive terms were reduced through the use of cluster analysis. The analysis included the grouping of synonyms and antonyms, together with the use of dictionaries, literature and knowledge about content. In the representation of social desirability and impression management strategies within the white Afrikaner group, six main themes with sixty sub-themes in total were identified. The six themes are facilitating, gender-based, intellect-openness, interpersonal relatedness, intrapersonal relatedness and value-based. Firstly, to facilitate others by giving advice and guidance will be seen as desirable and make a favourable impression. Secondly, to display characteristics that are typically associated with males and females, such as masculinity and femininity, will be seen as desirable and can make a positive impression. Thirdly, having a unique natural ability or skill and being receptive to new and different ideas will be seen as desirable and make a good impression on others. Fourthly, remaining constructive in one’s relationships, and fifthly, remaining constructive in one’s inner thoughts and possessing inner confidence and having respect will make a favourable impression and can be seen as socially desirable. Lastly, exhibiting moral consciousness and being trustworthy, loyal and reliable will make a positive impression and will be perceived as desirable by the white Afrikaner group. Recommendations for future research and for practice were made. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014