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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação dos efeitos de diferentes manobras de fisioterapia respitatória no desfecho de pacientes ventilados mecanicamente

Tonon, Elisiane [UNESP] 12 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tonon_e_me_botfm.pdf: 621514 bytes, checksum: f42de067077b49bbfe8b27db1ee8aff3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Apesar da fisioterapia respiratória aparentemente beneficiar pacientes sob ventilação mecânica, não há evidências suficientes para sua recomendação. Usando associação das manobras compressão torácica (CT) e hiperinsuflação manual (HM), prévio estudo de nosso grupo identificou significante redução no período de ventilação mecânica (VM), no período de internação e melhora da extensão de lesão pulmonar (Murray) em pacientes sob VM. Contudo, é desconhecido o papel isolado de cada manobra nos benefícios encontrados. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar prospectivamente o efeito isolado e associado das manobras CT e HM no período de internação e de VM em pacientes sob VM. O estudo foi conduzido por 13 meses na UTI (Pronto-Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil) de um hospital universitário terciário. Foi também avaliada a interferência das manobras nos seguintes parâmetros: índice prognóstico (APACHE-II), Murray, oxigenação (PaO2/FiO2), mecânica respiratória, repercussões hemodinâmicas e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2). A análise estatística utilizou o teste de Goodman para contrastes entre e dentro de populações multinomiais, qui-quadrado, análise de variância e análise de variância para o modelo de medidas repetidas em grupos independentes. Dos 204 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foram admitidos no estudo, 20 pacientes foram alocados no grupo CT, 20 no grupo HM e 20 no grupo CT+HM de acordo com o processo de sistematização. Diversas causas levaram à exclusão de alguns pacientes durante o estudo e cada grupo passou a ser constituído por 15 pacientes. O grupo CT recebeu compressão torácica, o grupo HM recebeu hiperinsuflação manual e o grupo CT+HM recebeu a associação de ambas as manobras duas vezes ao dia durante cinco... / There is no evidence to support the recommendation of chest physiotherapy on mechanically ventilated (MV) patients, although this procedure apparently improves those patients. Using association of thoracic compression (TC) and manual hyperinflation (MH), our previous study identified significant reduction in duration of weaning from ventilation, discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) and extent of lung damage index (Murray). However, it is unknown the individual role of each maneuver on those benefits. Therefore, the aim of the study was evaluate the isolated and associated effect of TC and MH on the mechanical ventilation period and length of stay in mechanically ventilated patients. Secondarily, outcomes of interest were the effect of physiotherapy on Murray, severity score and on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and respiratory mechanics. It was conducted at ICU of the Emergency Room (ER) at Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo State University (UNESP-HC) (Botucatu, SP, Brazil) for 13 consecutive months. The significance of differences between groups was accessed by Goodman test, chi-squared analysis, ANOVA and a nonparametric repeated measures ANOVA. The present study was a three-group (TC, MH, and TC+MH), prospective and systematized clinical study lasting 5 days. Of the 204 patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, 20 patients were allocated into TC group, 20 into MH group or 20 into TC+HM group. The TC group received expiratory chest compression, the MH group received manual hyperinflation and the TC+HM received manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory chest compression twice a day for 5 days. Five patients from TC, 5 from MH and 5 from TC+HM were withdrawn during the study period due to several reasons and therefore, 15 patients remained in each group. The 3 groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
12

Family experiences of physical trauma

Ward, Laurian Gillian 29 April 2008 (has links)
Trauma is an event during which individuals are confronted with a threat to their own or to someone else’s integrity. If intense fear, horror and helplessness are experienced during the event there may be psychological traumatisation. However, individuals may experience physical trauma and require hospitalisation. The patients’ subjective experiences from the hospitalisations may precipitate further trauma. Although families of patients are not involved in the traumatic event, they may experience their own traumatisation. The individuals and their families experience the trauma on the biological, psychological and social levels. Medical literature is mostly positivistic and there is little qualitative research on the experience of hospitalisation, particularly of family experiences of the intensive care unit (ICU). There is also a paucity of research on psychological experiences in the medical world. The research that has been conducted in psychology is mostly with psychiatrists. The aim of this research is to explain the sense families make of physical trauma using narrative. Narrative is the sense individuals make of experiences across time through telling and re-telling stories. Qualitative research is most suited to explore these subjective experiences of individuals. Social constructionism is one form of qualitative research and a process exploring the world of individuals in the context of culture, history and social interaction. Individuals arrange these stories using myths, symbols and archetypes that will provide coherence to the lived experience. Languaging the experiences facilitates meaning attribution that informs behaviour. Data was collected through photographs taken by the participants and individual interviews were conducted. The co-construction of this text occurred in the context of the researcher as a counsellor, the researcher as a previous physical trauma patient and the family perspectives of the participants. The exploration of the photographs and their sequence are followed by a narrative analysis of the interview texts using storymaps. Narratives were co-created in this context. The participants selected the stories and created coherence by narrating and ordering the sequence of photographs. Since the family language this lived experience, the members explored various selves and their relationships with their worlds. The family was impacted biopsychosocially and is writing an alternate story in the discourse of the medical world that says further rehabilitation is difficult, if not impossible. They have made sense of the physical trauma by searching for unique outcomes and narrating on a temporal framework: stories of their self, relationships with others, their physical self and their physical environments. This will create space for their alternate story. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted
13

Water-associated nosocomial infections.

Wright, Claire Louise, Snelling, Anna M., Newton, L., Kerr, Kevin G. January 2008 (has links)
Yes / It is estimated that 5-10% of hospitalised patients in developed countries contract hospital acquired infections (HAI). Increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance manifested by many HAI-causing pathogens such as Acinetobacter spp in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting present a significant challenge to those managing these infections. Consequently, much attention has been focused on the prevention of HAIs. Particular emphasis has been placed on interventions intended to interrupt patient-to-patient transmission of pathogens, such as enhanced hand hygiene and identification of patients colonised with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using rapid DNA-based screening techniques. However, comparatively little attention has been given to the hospital environment, including water supplies, as a source of nosocomial pathogens of importance for patients on the critical care unit. This article reviews the role of hospital water sources in the epidemiology of HAI and new technologies which can be employed in the prevention and control of such infections.
14

A Study of Quality Management in Health Care-Vital Signs Monitoring Process at ICU

Chow, Kim-Jean 19 July 2000 (has links)
Total quality management (TQM) approach is often used to carry out company-wide continuous quality improvement plans in manufacturing and service industries. Similarly, TQM can also play a critical role for quality management in health care. Aiming to improve health care quality, experiences showed that major problems of non-patient care, patient records and vital signs monitoring are encountered. In this study, we aim to introduce TQM for quality improvement for intensive care unit (ICU) operations, including some solutions and the prototype of quality management. And vital signs monitoring at ICU is taken as an example of process. For quality improvement of non-patient care, Health Care Quality Development Life Cycle, including (1) quality requirement analysis, (2) quality specification review, (3) quality design, (4) quality implementation, (5) quality testing, (6) quality maintaining, and (7) quality validation, is discussed. The prototype of the first three phases for quality improvement at ICU is explored. Through quality requirement analysis, non-patient care quality at ICU is defined in areas of administration, facility and environment. For quality improvement of patient records maintaining, firstly, scope of health care information systems is categorized as administrative operational system, decision support system, clinical information system, and medical information system. According to this categorization and experience, some interesting result is found. For instance, the current applications of information systems for teaching hospitals in southern Taiwan surveyed are that most applications are administrative and clinical. And the essential information of patient records used in each information system is not complete or not easily accessed. Model of the patient record maintaining is introduced and the prototype design of patient records is recommended for quality improvement of patient records maintaining at ICU. To improve quality of vital signs monitoring is one essential requirement and specification for ICU quality improvement. Effective outcome measures of vital signs monitoring and early detecting of abnormal vital signs is considered important. For quality improvement of vital signs monitoring at ICU, heart rate graphs are taken as examples in our study through the heart rate graphs monitoring. Health professionals can understand the interactions of human autonomic nervous system. By use of digitizer, the computable heart rate data is acquired from each graph and grouped into mortality and near-to-normal cases. Then spectrum form of heart rate data, describing more about heart function, is used for statistical analysis. Several control chart methods have been experimented to detect small heart rate shifts from target, cumulative sum control chart (Cusum) is adopted in our study. The observable variable is the patient¡¦s heart rate, the purpose is to check the alarms pointed out by Cusum that could be partially be ascribed to changes of heart rate trend over time, and to a shift in the monitoring process mean. From summaries of nonconformities in the Cusum charts, mortality cases obviously have more nonconformities. It is obvious that Cusum control charts of mortality cases provide diagnostic information for vital signs monitoring process. In addition, Cusum charts may also inform ICU professionals that there is a small shift of patient heart rate, a continuously increasing or decreasing heart rate, and the adjustment of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. In those cases, some special care is needed.
15

Avaliação dos efeitos de diferentes manobras de fisioterapia respitatória no desfecho de pacientes ventilados mecanicamente /

Tonon, Elisiane. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Ana Lúcia dos Anjos Ferreira / Banca: Victor Zuniga Dourado / Banca: Luis Cuadrado Martin / Resumo: Apesar da fisioterapia respiratória aparentemente beneficiar pacientes sob ventilação mecânica, não há evidências suficientes para sua recomendação. Usando associação das manobras compressão torácica (CT) e hiperinsuflação manual (HM), prévio estudo de nosso grupo identificou significante redução no período de ventilação mecânica (VM), no período de internação e melhora da extensão de lesão pulmonar (Murray) em pacientes sob VM. Contudo, é desconhecido o papel isolado de cada manobra nos benefícios encontrados. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar prospectivamente o efeito isolado e associado das manobras CT e HM no período de internação e de VM em pacientes sob VM. O estudo foi conduzido por 13 meses na UTI (Pronto-Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil) de um hospital universitário terciário. Foi também avaliada a interferência das manobras nos seguintes parâmetros: índice prognóstico (APACHE-II), Murray, oxigenação (PaO2/FiO2), mecânica respiratória, repercussões hemodinâmicas e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2). A análise estatística utilizou o teste de Goodman para contrastes entre e dentro de populações multinomiais, qui-quadrado, análise de variância e análise de variância para o modelo de medidas repetidas em grupos independentes. Dos 204 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foram admitidos no estudo, 20 pacientes foram alocados no grupo CT, 20 no grupo HM e 20 no grupo CT+HM de acordo com o processo de sistematização. Diversas causas levaram à exclusão de alguns pacientes durante o estudo e cada grupo passou a ser constituído por 15 pacientes. O grupo CT recebeu compressão torácica, o grupo HM recebeu hiperinsuflação manual e o grupo CT+HM recebeu a associação de ambas as manobras duas vezes ao dia durante cinco... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: There is no evidence to support the recommendation of chest physiotherapy on mechanically ventilated (MV) patients, although this procedure apparently improves those patients. Using association of thoracic compression (TC) and manual hyperinflation (MH), our previous study identified significant reduction in duration of weaning from ventilation, discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) and extent of lung damage index (Murray). However, it is unknown the individual role of each maneuver on those benefits. Therefore, the aim of the study was evaluate the isolated and associated effect of TC and MH on the mechanical ventilation period and length of stay in mechanically ventilated patients. Secondarily, outcomes of interest were the effect of physiotherapy on Murray, severity score and on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and respiratory mechanics. It was conducted at ICU of the Emergency Room (ER) at Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo State University (UNESP-HC) (Botucatu, SP, Brazil) for 13 consecutive months. The significance of differences between groups was accessed by Goodman test, chi-squared analysis, ANOVA and a nonparametric repeated measures ANOVA. The present study was a three-group (TC, MH, and TC+MH), prospective and systematized clinical study lasting 5 days. Of the 204 patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, 20 patients were allocated into TC group, 20 into MH group or 20 into TC+HM group. The TC group received expiratory chest compression, the MH group received manual hyperinflation and the TC+HM received manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory chest compression twice a day for 5 days. Five patients from TC, 5 from MH and 5 from TC+HM were withdrawn during the study period due to several reasons and therefore, 15 patients remained in each group. The 3 groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
16

Intensive Care Nurses' Meaningful Experiences in Providing End-of-Life Care

Stokes, Heather January 2018 (has links)
End-of-life care (EOLC) has become a significant area of expertise in the intensive care unit (ICU). Critical care nurses are the primary caregivers of patients in the ICU and they provide EOLC for patients and families daily. Nurses have portrayed EOLC as difficult and demanding work; yet, they have also described their experiences of providing EOLC as rewarding, gratifying, and a privilege. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ meaningful experiences with providing EOLC for patients and families in the context of the ICU. Van Manen’s approach to interpretive phenomenology was used. Unstructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with six registered nurses who were employed in a medical/surgical tertiary care ICU. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The essence of nurses’ meaningful experiences in providing EOLC was ‘being able to make a difference’. For the nurses, being able to make a difference reflected their efforts to create a good death for the dying patient and their family. The nurses had to navigate a variety of challenges that affected the creation of a good death, however, they made it work by building relationships quickly with families, taking care of themselves, and recognizing it’s a privilege to provide EOLC. These research findings contribute to an expanding body of knowledge and understanding with regards to nurses’ role with the provision of EOLC in the ICU.
17

The factors impacting on the well-being of Intensive Care (ICU) employees at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital

Schmidt, Gayle Anne 18 August 2011 (has links)
The goal of this study was to explore the factors impacting on the well-being of ICU employees. The objectives of the study were: <ul> <li> To theoretically conceptualise the factors impacting on employees in a hospital ICU.</li> <li> To explore the role of personal factors such as personality, behaviour risks and resilience that impact on the well-being of ICU employees.</li> <li> To explore the organisational and work related factors that impinge on ICU employees and the impact these factors have on their well-being.</li> <li> To make recommendations regarding the implementation of proactive strategies.</li></ul> The research question of the qualitative study is: What are the factors impacting on the well-being of intensive care employees at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital? This is an applied, qualitative research study. The research design used was a collective case study using focus group interviewing. The research study was conducted at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Intensive Care Unit. The sample was selected using non-probability, purposive sampling. The sample consisted of ten doctors, thirteen nursing personnel and seven allied professionals (four physiotherapists and three dieticians). A pilot study was conducted with two doctors, two nurses and a social worker to test the interview schedule. This group did not form part of the sample. The researcher did her best to adhere to ethical considerations. Participants were informed of the nature of the research and completed informed consent forms. Anonymity was ensured through presenting responses collectively. No individual names or responses will be identified. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data during focus group interviewing. The four focus group sessions were tape recorded. After completion of the focus group interviewing, the data was transcribed verbatim and then the data was organised into themes and sub-themes. The findings were released in a mini-dissertation. The report is accurate and reflects the true facts. All sources, references and assistance are acknowledged. The themes and sub-themes identified were: <ul> <li> Theme one: Job Satisfaction and sub-themes-Fulfilment, Meaning to Work, Emotions experienced, Changes healthcare workers would like implemented.</li> <li> Theme two: Stressors and sub-themes- What the stressors are, Control over the Stressors, Self-care techniques utilised, Personal Resources and Ways of de-stressing.</li> <li> Theme three: Trauma</li> <li> Theme four: Interpersonal Relationships and sub-themes- Connectivity amongst team, Impact connectivity has on functioning and Teamwork.</li> <li> Theme five: Role Demands and sub-themes- Job Description, Role Conflict and Balance between work and personal life.</li> <li> Theme six: Job Resources and sub-themes- Adequacy of resources, Resources Lacking and Impact job resources have on functioning.</li> <li> Theme seven: Job Conditions and sub-themes- Work Overload, Job Security and Working Conditions.</li></ul> The findings of the study were as follows: <ul> <li> CHBH employees experience high job satisfaction as they are doing what they want to do. They feel that they make a difference and enjoy trauma work. They are where things happen and where they want to be.</li> <li> The stressors faced by ICU employees can be divided into emotional and physical/resource stressors. The physical stressors were found to be: long working hours, lack of resources, untrained staff, budget, procuring equipment and resources, lack of human resources, equipment and linen shortages. The emotional stressors were related to having to deal with trauma and the impact thereof, dealing with death and dying, decisions regarding the switching off of life support machines, not always knowing if you did the right thing and wondering if you did everything you could for the patient to save their life.</li> <li> Daily, employees are faced with dealing with trauma and the impact thereof. This has an impact on well-being and can lead to compassion fatigue or soul weariness.</li> <li> It is important to examine the interplay of job resources and job demands. If job demands are high and job resources lacking, well-being is impacted. Job resources may buffer the impact of job demands and thus reduce burnout, exhaustion and increase motivation.</li> <li> If job demands are high and job resources low, job demands will exceed the individuals’ capacity to cope and overtax or stretch ability to cope. ICU employees experience being overstretched and overtaxed due to high job demands and being under-resourced. Work overload results in exhaustion.</li> <li> Relationships are an important aspect of organisational support. Employees value their relationships with colleagues and this provides opportunities for discussing patients, sharing knowledge and obtaining assistance with patient care. By pooling resources the team has additional resources to resolve complex situations.</li> <li> The working conditions of ICU employees are impacted by shortages in human and equipment resources.</li></ul> Recommendations arising from the study are: <ul> <li> A lifestyle and health management program dealing with issues of nutrition, exercise, relaxation, self awareness and disease management.</li> <li> An educative stress management program which is presented at induction and orientation.</li> <li> Preventative programs that enhance knowledge and skills on coping and self-care.</li> <li> Self awareness programs designed to assist employees in understanding their own stressors and reactions, enhance their self-esteem by developing strengths, resilience and coping.</li> <li> Human capital management- developing strategies to attract retain and reduce staff shortages.</li> <li> Facilities for exercise and relaxation- the provision of a gym facility.</li> <li> Program to reduce fatigue and recovery time.</li> <li> Group sessions focussing on catharsis and ventilation of feelings.</li> <li> A comprehensive Employee Wellness Program. </ul> / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted
18

Safety management in times of crisis: Lessons learned from a nationwide status-analysis on German intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic

Schmidt, Michelle, Lambert, Sophie Isabelle, Klasen, Martin, Sandmeyer, Benedikt, Lazarovici, Marc, Jahns, Franziska, Trefz, Lara Charlott, Hempel, Gunther, Sopka, Sasa 03 May 2024 (has links)
Background: The status of Safety Management is highly relevant to evaluate an organization’s ability to deal with unexpected events or errors, especially in times of crisis. However, it remains unclear to what extent Safety Management was developed and suffciently implemented within the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing insights of potential for improvement is expected to be directional for ongoing Safety Management efforts, in times of crisis and beyond. Method: A nationwide survey study was conducted among healthcare professionals and auxiliary staff on German Intensive Care Units (ICUs) evaluating their experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Error Management and Patient Safety Culture (PSC) measures served to operationalize Safety Management. Data were analyzed descriptively and by using quantitative content analysis (QCA). Results: Results for n = 588 participants from 53 hospitals show that there is a gap between errors occurred, reported, documented, and addressed. QCA revealed that low quality of safety culture (27.8%) was the most mentioned reason for errors not being addressed. Overall, ratings of PSC ranged from 26.7 to 57.9% positive response with Staffng being the worst and Teamwork Within Units being the best rated dimension. While assessments showed a similar pattern, medical staff rated PSC on ICUs more positively in comparison to nursing staff. Conclusion: The status-analysis of Safety Management in times of crisis revealed relevant potential for improvement. Human Factor plays a crucial role in the occurrence and the way errors are dealt with on ICUs, but systemic factors should not be underestimated. Further intensified efforts specifically in the fields of staffng and error reporting, documentation and communication are needed to improve Safety Management on ICUs. These findingsmight also be applicable across nations and sectors beyond the medical field.
19

Protótipo de um sistema especialista para organizações de saúde: Sistema Integrado Orientado a Eventos para Tratamento de Pacientes Críticos / Prototype of an expert system for health organizations: Integrated Oriented Events for Treatment of Patients Critics

Vitor, André Luiz 02 December 2016 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo é o desenvolvimento de um sistema especialista em um ambiente hospitalar para apoiar o diagnóstico médico de pacientes críticos com suspeita de Sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva. Como objetivos específicos, a plataforma desenvolvida emitirá alerta após o processamento em tempo real de todas as informações conforme protocolo de sepse da unidade referente a cada paciente como: exames laboratoriais, monitoramentos, integração com o prontuário eletrônico, indicando assim ao médico quais pacientes necessitam de prioridade naquele momento. Os pacientes serão classificados de acordo as informações processadas acima e identificados no sistema com as cores: vermelho (risco eminente), amarelo (médio risco), verde (baixo risco). Tais informações não devem ser tomadas como únicas, mas como técnica auxiliar e principalmente necessárias para as organizações hospitalares que buscam melhorias de desempenho através de soluções integradas orientadas a eventos. Com base na epidemiologia e um estudo longitudinal, o estudo se ocupa a avaliar o sistema desenvolvido identificando através de gráficos e indicadores as seguintes informações: tempo de tratamento na unidade, tempo de decisão do médico, tempo de iniciação com antibiótico, tempo médio de resultados laboratoriais, altas clínicas e mortalidade. Serão utilizadas no estudo duas amostras de grupo de pacientes adultos maiores de 18 anos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva com suspeita de sepse que chegam à Rede Pública de Saúde, comparando através de um estudo epidemiológico longitudinal, pacientes que passaram pela unidade nos três meses com o sistema implantado e outra amostra com pacientes nos três meses anteriores ao sistema. / The aim of this study is to develop an expert system in a hospital environment to support the medical diagnosis of critically ill patients with suspected sepsis in intensive care units. The specific objectives, the developed platform will issue warning after real-time processing of all information as unit sepsis protocol for each patient as laboratory tests, monitoring, integration with electronic medical records, thus indicating to the physician which patients need priority at that time. Patients will be classified according the information processed above and identified in the system with the colors: red (imminent risk), yellow (medium risk), green (low risk). Such information should not be taken as single, but as a technical assistant and mainly needed for hospital organizations seeking performance improvements through integrated solutions oriented events. Based on the epidemiology and a longitudinal study, the study is concerned to evaluate the system developed by identifying through graphs and indicators the following information: the unit treatment time, doctor\'s decision time, start time antibiotic, average time results laboratory, clinical and high mortality. Will be used to study two largest group of adult patients samples of 18 years in an intensive care unit with suspected sepsis arriving to the Public Health Network, comparing through a longitudinal epidemiological study, patients who had the unit in the three months to the implanted system and another sample of patients in the three months prior to the system.
20

Protótipo de um sistema especialista para organizações de saúde: Sistema Integrado Orientado a Eventos para Tratamento de Pacientes Críticos / Prototype of an expert system for health organizations: Integrated Oriented Events for Treatment of Patients Critics

André Luiz Vitor 02 December 2016 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo é o desenvolvimento de um sistema especialista em um ambiente hospitalar para apoiar o diagnóstico médico de pacientes críticos com suspeita de Sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva. Como objetivos específicos, a plataforma desenvolvida emitirá alerta após o processamento em tempo real de todas as informações conforme protocolo de sepse da unidade referente a cada paciente como: exames laboratoriais, monitoramentos, integração com o prontuário eletrônico, indicando assim ao médico quais pacientes necessitam de prioridade naquele momento. Os pacientes serão classificados de acordo as informações processadas acima e identificados no sistema com as cores: vermelho (risco eminente), amarelo (médio risco), verde (baixo risco). Tais informações não devem ser tomadas como únicas, mas como técnica auxiliar e principalmente necessárias para as organizações hospitalares que buscam melhorias de desempenho através de soluções integradas orientadas a eventos. Com base na epidemiologia e um estudo longitudinal, o estudo se ocupa a avaliar o sistema desenvolvido identificando através de gráficos e indicadores as seguintes informações: tempo de tratamento na unidade, tempo de decisão do médico, tempo de iniciação com antibiótico, tempo médio de resultados laboratoriais, altas clínicas e mortalidade. Serão utilizadas no estudo duas amostras de grupo de pacientes adultos maiores de 18 anos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva com suspeita de sepse que chegam à Rede Pública de Saúde, comparando através de um estudo epidemiológico longitudinal, pacientes que passaram pela unidade nos três meses com o sistema implantado e outra amostra com pacientes nos três meses anteriores ao sistema. / The aim of this study is to develop an expert system in a hospital environment to support the medical diagnosis of critically ill patients with suspected sepsis in intensive care units. The specific objectives, the developed platform will issue warning after real-time processing of all information as unit sepsis protocol for each patient as laboratory tests, monitoring, integration with electronic medical records, thus indicating to the physician which patients need priority at that time. Patients will be classified according the information processed above and identified in the system with the colors: red (imminent risk), yellow (medium risk), green (low risk). Such information should not be taken as single, but as a technical assistant and mainly needed for hospital organizations seeking performance improvements through integrated solutions oriented events. Based on the epidemiology and a longitudinal study, the study is concerned to evaluate the system developed by identifying through graphs and indicators the following information: the unit treatment time, doctor\'s decision time, start time antibiotic, average time results laboratory, clinical and high mortality. Will be used to study two largest group of adult patients samples of 18 years in an intensive care unit with suspected sepsis arriving to the Public Health Network, comparing through a longitudinal epidemiological study, patients who had the unit in the three months to the implanted system and another sample of patients in the three months prior to the system.

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