The field of clinical laboratory science is experiencing a critical shortage of qualified professionals. Because health care practitioners depend on the results of laboratory tests to help diagnosis and treat patients, it is important to address the current and future shortage in the laboratory workforce. There is limited research on factors affecting the turnover intentions of clinical laboratory employees. Accordingly, the research questions for this study examined the effect of burnout (BO) and organizational commitment (OC) on the turnover intention of laboratory employees in Florida. A cross-sectional survey design was used to examine the relationship between BO and OC on turnover intentions. Data were collected from licensed clinical laboratory directors, supervisors, technologists, and technicians using the following scales: demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Linear regression and ANOVA were used to examine the relationships between these variables. The response rate was 18.4% (N = 184). Among clinical laboratory employees in Florida, the findings revealed significant predictive relationships between BO and turnover intention, OC and turnover intention, age and BO, and work shift and OC among clinical laboratory employees in Florida. Potential implications for positive social change from this study include reducing turnover among laboratory employees by allowing laboratory managers to create strategies that will reduce BO and increase OC, and thus decrease turnover intention.

Discussion of the artist statement and critique.

Brand crisis could threaten a company with declining public trust and decreased brand reputation (Greyser, 2009). When confronting with a crisis, the organization should respond immediately and properly so that the crisis can be stopped from escalate into a catastrophe (Davies and Walters, 1998). Crisis type can be divided into the victim, the accident or the intentional clusters according to perceived responsibilities the company should shoulder. Based on these factors, the company should select the most appropriate response strategy or a combination of different response strategies to address the crisis situation. In other words, a match between crisis type and response strategy is effective for companies to survive crisis situations (Cheong and Morrison, 2008). Food-related crisis tend to become rampant in recent years and require more in-depth studies. In the face of a food-related crisis, the affected company are compelled to communicate with both internal and external stakeholders, including employees, stockholders, retailers, suppliers and consumers to manage and survive the crisis (Massey, 2001). There are four options for companies in a product-harm crisis to choose from: denying the defect, involuntary recall, voluntary recall and improvement campaign (Souiden and Pons, 2009). This study took the issue of Blue Bell ice cream recalls as an example of product-harm crisis for case analysis and proposed three different kinds of strategies or hypotheses based on the Image Repair Theory (Benoit and Pang, 2008) covering the denial, evasion of responsibility, reducing offensiveness of events, corrective action and mortification aspects.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / An in-depth, longitudinal study of the speech and oral language development of eight infants with a profound hearing loss who receive early interventions focused on developing their auditory, speech and oral language capacity is presented in this thesis. Infants were tracked for two years, during the period when they are changed from a hearing aid to a cochlear implant. All infants in this study had their hearing loss identified early and were fitted with hearing aids between 1 and 7 months of age and received their cochlear implant between 8 and 16 months of age. They attended a number of different auditory-verbal early intervention programs (depending on where they lived) all of which focused on developing speech and language skills through listening. Attendance at their particular early intervention program at least once a week was in addition to weekly attendance the Sydney Cochlear Implant Centre for therapy and audiological services. A broad range of measures has been used to track the infants’ acquisition of oral language skills, including measures of communicative intention, pre-speech and speech development, and oral language development. Despite a wide range of individual differences across the group of infants, the results suggest some general trends. In the area of communicative intent most infants followed typical development patterns in terms of both the types (e.g. requesting, answering etc) and forms (gestural, vocal, verbal) used, but they showed delays in their frequency of usage of these types and forms. For speech development the infants demonstrated typical speech skills by 18-months post-cochlear implantation in the areas of consonant inventories, severity of phonological involvement (speech intelligibility) and phonological process development, but they showed delays in vowel and consonant acquisition. Finally, for language development the infants were delayed relative to typical development at 18 months post-implantation. The findings support and extend previous studies which have demonstrated the benefits of early intervention for communication development in infants with hearing loss (Calderon & Naidu, 2000; Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano & Sedey, 2000; Moeller, 2000; Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo, 1998). However, the delays in the oral communication skills of the infants in the current study suggest that more intensive long-term intervention is required if the infants are to attain typical oral speech and language development. The findings capture the complexity of early oral language development, which has been lacking in previous studies of infants with significant hearing loss, receiving a cochlear implant (Dettman, Briggs, & Dowell, 2005; Houston, Ying, Pisoni, & Iler Kirk, 2003; Schauwers, Gillis, Daemers, De Beukelaer, & Govaerts, 2004). The present data also provide some limited support for earlier implantation, that is, before 12 months of age, as the infants made little progress in oral language development while using hearing aids. The reduced amount of auditory signal available to them prior to implantation may be the determining factor in their inability to follow typical rates and patterns of development. However, rates of development with the implant were not straightforward and further research on this population is needed. Universal neonatal screening programs for hearing loss will potentially provide a larger population of early identified infant for future research. This will create the opportunity for large scale, prospective, longitudinal, studies examining the acquisition of speech and oral language development. Limitations of this study, tracking the early stages of speech and language development over a two year period are identified. Future studies are needed to follow the infants for a longer time to determine if their rate of development is sufficient for them to catch up in areas of delay and maintain their performance in areas where they match their typically developing peers.

Professional operatic singing can be performed technically for practice and rehearsal, or with heightened emotion through intention to communicate with an audience. Previous studies of respiration in operatic singing have not taken into account the professional performer�s ability to differentiate at will between rehearsal and performance modes of singing. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the differences between singing �with intention to communicate� (as if performing) and singing �technically� (as if in rehearsal). The hypothesis is that this specified change of condition would change the respiratory patterns employed by the singers. Estimation of respiratory patterns was obtained using magnetometers. Performance singing was labelled �IC� (intention to communicate). Rehearsal singing was labelled �T� (technical) and also included �TL� (technical loud) and �TS� (technical soft). Each of the five singers performed two tasks (a free choice aria in Italian, and a set song). Only intra-subject analysis was used. One thousand and one breaths were analysed. These were then matched, so that only complete musical phrases (sung six times by the same singer) were compared with each other. Seven hundred and sixty-two matched phrases were analysed in this way. Measured variables were initiation lung volume (ILV), termination lung volume (TLV), the amount of lung volume expired (LVE), %VC released per second (Flow), the expiratory time (Te), and inspiratory time (Ti). Sound pressure level (SPL) was measured. This study also examined the ability of experienced listeners to distinguish between the T and IC performances from DAT recordings. Findings show that in comparison with T singing, IC singing used more air, with a greater percentage of vital capacity expired per second, but without a simple association with sound pressure level or expiratory time. Listeners were able to distinguish IC from T performances, demonstrating a perceived difference in the quality of the vocal output. These results demonstrate that performance intention to communicate, compared to rehearsal, results in a measurable difference in respiratory parameters, and therefore needs to be specified in future research.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80).

Bulk food exist in various kind of food, can be purchased by individual needs and quantities required, customer in Taiwan still stick to bulk food and the way sales. Recent year, many problems have revealed the bulk food safety issue. Therefore, Department of Health enacted bulk food labeling regulation in 2009 to clarify what information to be revealed, and has advocating the information to consumer about how to choose bulk food. The government hopes to increase the consumer knowledge and avoid food hazard. We can tell that knowledge must be an important part in decision procedure of food purchasing, but a few of research concern this issue. Hence, in this research product knowledge and other variables are discussed and selected to form research model. This research also discovered the bulk food safety situation unprecedentedly, gives an overview to readers. The goals of this research are find the mediator effect within involvement, perceived quality and repurchase intention and the moderator effect of product knowledge between the relationships of perceived quality and repurchase intention. Samples of 973 collected through questionnaire survey, tested the hypotheses by regression analysis. The result showed the three variables did have partial mediator effect. And the moderator effect was confirmed, product knowledge will weakened the relationship, implied the bulk food safety information advocacy would help to change the customer decision. Based on the result, suggestions are as followed: government should keep on educating consumer to establish proper food decision criteria; bulk food producer and distributor should improve the information reveal and food quality control spontaneously, to win customers¡¦ perceived quality and increase purchase.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-135).

The debate about how to frame health messages to maximize their effectiveness is ongoing. Research supports the use of both positive and negative frames under different conditions. This project was developed to further clarify the circumstances under which a negative frame may be harmful, or even backfire. In Study 1 it was proposed that past drinking behavior would moderate the relationship between message frame and behavioral intention to drink alcohol in the future such that people with a heavy drinking past would react to a negatively framed message by increasing their intention to consume alcohol. A total of 212 students participated in the study where they completed a questionnaire to provide information on some of the key variables, such as drinking history, and then were asked to read mock health materials with either a positive or negative frame. They concluded the study by responding to a final questionnaire where they provided feedback on the health materials and indicated their intentions to drink in the future. Results of this study supported the hypothesis. The goals of Study 2 were to replicate the findings of Study 1 and to test the hypothesis that self-esteem would be a second-order moderator of this effect such that people with a heavy drinking past and high self-esteem would be most likely to respond to a negatively framed message by increasing their intention to drink alcohol in the future. A total of 490 students participated in the study, which followed the same procedure as the first study. Results of Study 2 failed to replicate the findings from Study 1, and indicated that self-esteem did influence the relationship between past behavior, message frame and behavioral intention but not in the proposed direction. The marginally-significant effect found in Study 2 suggested that heavy drinkers with high self-esteem were actually more likely to decrease their intentions to drink alcohol after reading a negatively framed message. Because of the inconsistency in the results of the two studies presented, proposed directions for future research are discussed.

It is normal for the personnel to quit job in the organization . The turnover of employee can give Organization new energy , but on the other hand they may influence the employee¡¦s working morale and bring negative impact . In this way, how to keep excellent employee in organization is important course to management level and human resources department. Especially When turnover rate is high, it is the duty of human resource department to fine the key point of problem and to solve possible negative influence. This essay want to research the influence within working character and turnover to fine personnel¡¦s working character for organization reference to know the factors of employee turnover on job character. Besides, add to factors of job satisfactions and organizational commitment to research, to understand whether the mediating effective existing increase or decrease effective on turnover intention .