Yes / The aim of this research is to synthesise findings from previous studies by employing weight and meta-analysis to reconcile conflicting evidence and draw a “big picture” of eWOM factors influencing consumers’ intention to buy. By using the findings from 69 studies, this research identified best (e.g. argument quality, valence, eWOM usefulness, trust in message), promising (e.g. eWOM credibility, emotional trust, attitude towards website) and least effective (e.g. volume, existing eWOM, source credibility) predictors of intention to buy in eWOM research. Additionally, the effect size of each predictor was calculated by performing meta-analysis. For academics, understanding what influences consumers’ intention to buy will help set the agenda for future research directions; for practitioners, it will provide benefit in terms of practical guidance based on detailed analysis of specific factors influencing consumers’ intention to buy, which could enhance their marketing activities.

Sammanfattning Titel: "Klimatsmartare förpackning" och "ekologiskt" En undersökning för hur miljöetiketter påverkar konsumentens Intention To Buy och Willingness To Pay. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Charlotta Ekebergh och Thai To Handledare: Patrik Sörqvist Datum: juni, 2021 Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka konsumentens intention to buy (ITB) och willingness to pay (WTP) för olika typer av vinförpackningar samt att se om dessaskattningar kan påverkas genom Systembolagets märkningar "klimatsmartare förpackning" och "ekologiskt". Studien undersökte även om det finns några skillnader mellanrespondenternas ITB och WTP för självskattad miljövänlighet, enligt studiens miljöindex. Metod: Studien utfördes med ett faktoriell kvasiexperiment (4x4) med totalt 102 deltagare, där respondenterna fick ge svar utefter en 7-gradig Likertskala i en enkätundersökning innehållandes manipulerade bilder för att besvara studiens hypoteser. Resultat & Analys: Denna studie visar att respondenternas skattade intention att köpa (ITB) och betalningsvilja (WTP), skiljer sig mycket åt beroende på förpackningstyp för vin. Dessa skattningar har i vissa fall visat sig kunna påverkas av Systembolaget etiketter "klimatsmartare förpackning" och "ekologiskt". Resultaten visade att det i stora drag stämmer överens med tidigare empiriska resultat men att även motsättningar har kunnat bekräftas genom statistiskt signifikanta resultat. Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie visar signifikanta skillnader för respondenternas skattade intention att köpa (ITB) och betalningsvilja (WTP) för de olika förpackningsalternativen för vin i kombination med de olika etiketterna "klimatsmartare förpackning" och "ekologiskt". Resultatet från studien kan tänkas indikera konsumenters intention att köpa (ITB) och betalningsvilja (WTP) för vin i alternativa förpackningar i kombination med de olika etiketterna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Denna studie föreslår vidare forskning där man undersöker konsumenters faktiska köp på Systembolaget i förhållande till konsumentens skattade ITB förekologiska produkter och produkter i klimatsmartare förpackningar. Ytterligare förslag ges för vidare forskning att undersöka om liknande förhållanden råder för andra produktgrupper på Systembolaget. Samt att undersöka konsumenters intention att köpa (ITB) och betalningsvilja (WTP) för alternativa, klimatsmartare förpackningar för andra typer av livsmedel. Nyckelord: Wine, Intention To Buy (ITB), Willingness To Pay (WTP), Organic, Label,Packaging / Abstract Title: "Klimatsmartare förpackning" and "ekologiskt"A study researching how climate friendly labels affect the consumers’ Intention To Buy and Willingness To Pay. Level: Student theses, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Charlotta Ekebergh and Thai To Supervisor: Patrik Sörqvist Date: June – 2021 Aim: The aim for this study was to research whether the consumers intention to buy (ITB)and willingness to pay (WTP) for different types of wine packaging could be altered through the use of Systembolaget’s labels, "klimatsmartare förpackning" and "ekologiskt". (In english the labels would read "climate friendlier packaging" and "organic"). Further, this study aimed to research whether any differences between the respondents ITB and WTP occurs according to the respondent’s self-evaluated environmental friendliness, and this studies’ environmental index. Method: This study was performed with a factorial Quasi-experiment (4x4) with a total of 102 participants, responding through a 7-grade Likert scale in a questionnaire containing manipulated images to answer the hypotheses of this study. Result & Conclusions: This study shows that the respondents estimated intention to buy (ITB) and willingness to pay (WTP) differs greatly depending on the type of wine packaging. These estimates have in some cases been influenced by the Systembolaget’s labels "klimatsmartare förpackning" and "ekologiskt". The results from this study largely showed that they are in line with previous empirical results. However, this study has proven some contradictions to be statistically significant. Contribution of the thesis: This study shows statistically significant differences between therespondents estimated intention to buy (ITB) and willingness to pay (WTP) for the different types of wine packaging in combination with the two labels "klimatsmartare förpackning" and "ekologiskt". The results show an actual indication of consumers intention to buy (ITB) and willingness to pay (WTP) for wine in different types of packaging in combination with the two labels. Suggestions for future research: This study suggests future research to investigate consumers actual purchases at Systembolaget in relation to their estimated intention to buy (ITB) of organic products and products in a more climate friendly packaging. Further suggestions are to investigate whether similar relationships occur for other types of products at Systembolaget. Lastly, investigate whether the consumers intention to buy (ITB) and willingnessto pay (WTP) for alternative, more climate friendly packaging for other types of food. Key words: Wine, Intention To Buy (ITB), Willingness To Pay (WTP), Organic, Label, Packaging

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken betydelse influencer marketing på sociala medier har på unga kvinnor i åldern 18-25 år, samt om det har någon inverkan på unga kvinnors köpintentioner. För att uppfylla syftet har två forskningsfrågor undersökts och denna empiriska studie har baserats på en kvalitativ undersökning genom en enkätstudie och två fokusgrupper. Influencer marketing anses vara ett effektivt marknadsföringsverktyg som innebär att företag använder sig av influencers för att nå ut till fler konsumenter och sprida företagets produkter och tjänster. Resultatet av studien visar på att influencers öppenhet och trovärdighet påverkar unga kvinnors uppfattning av influencer marketing samt på deras köpintentioner. Influencer marketing ansesvara mer trovärdigt än traditionell reklam, vilket även bidrar till att konsumenterna köpintentioner ökar i en eftersträvan efter gemenskap, tillhörighet eller enbart inspiration. Hur unga kvinnor påverkas i deras köpintentioner av influencer marketing på sociala medier är bådevarierande och individuellt. Konsumenter tar till sig informationen från influencer marketing på olika sätt, vilket leder till en varierad påverkan på unga kvinnors köpintentioner. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of influencer marketing on social media for young women between the ages of 18-25 years old, and whether it has any impact on young women's buying intentions. To meet the purpose, two research questions have been investigated and this empirical study has been based on a qualitative research through a survey and semi-structured interviews in the form of two focus groups. Influencer marketing is considered an effective marketing tool which indicates that companies use influencers to reach out to a bigger number of consumers and spread the information about the company's products and services. The result of the study shows that the influencers openness and credibility affect young women's perception of influencer marketing and also their buying intentions. Influencer marketing is considered more credible than traditional advertising, which also contributes to consumers increasing buying intentions in the pursuit of solidarity, belonging or just for inspiration. The way that young women are affected in their buying intentions of influencer marketing on social media are both varied and individual. Consumers process the information from influencer marketing in different ways, which leads to a varied impact on young women's buying intentions. This study is written in Swedish.

Athletes have become more than sports professionals; they are million dollar investments for brand images. Businesses worldwide have transitioned old promotional schemes to athlete endorsements and have experienced positive reactions to the public change. Athletes connected with consumers on a heroic level and translated the brand’s message to purchasers through the theory of transference of affect (White, Goddard, & Wilbur, 2009). Subsequently, there had been an equal rise in the caution businesses exercised as several athletes found occupancy in negative press. Those involved in scandals posed reputational risks for businesses and could reduce positive transference to consumers. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of negative media portrayal (reputation) about athlete endorsers on male consumer’s purchase intentions and attitude favorability towards high or low involvement products. Online surveys were distributed to a Midwestern University, 196 surveys were analyzed. Findings showed purchase intention was affected by reputation for high involvement products; reputation was not an accurate predictor of consumer attitude toward high or low involvement products. Athletes involved in scandals remained effective as endorsers for low involvement products whereas, athletes with positive reputations succeeded when promoting high involvement products.

Depuis des décennies, la seule obsession de la stratégie organisationnelle des entreprises est de pouvoir fidéliser les consommateurs en les incitants à acheter le produit ou service qu’ils offrent afin de pouvoir améliorer leurs performances financières. Les réseaux sociaux vont transformer en profondeur le fonctionnement organisationnel des entreprises. Les réseaux sociaux dévoilent la structure organisationnelle d'une entreprise car ils sont également les porteurs d'information « confidentielles » livrées sans réserve par des employés peu discrets. Les RS sont une force puissante avec lesquelles les entreprises doivent dorénavant composer, à l’heure où beaucoup d’entre elles tentent de se réinventer et de se projeter dans un monde en pleine mutation. D’après Stéphane Hugon, 2012, Le digital est le révélateur d’une transformation de la société. Les jeunes sont dans le court, l’intense ; une temporalité qui colle aux outils comme les réseaux sociaux. Ces transformations impactent directement la culture du travail et sa structure organisationnelle. / For decades, the only obsession of organizational business strategy is to build consumer loyalty to justify the buying intention of the product or service they offer in order to improve financial performance. Social networks will fundamentally transform the organizational functioning of companies. Social networks unveil the organizational structure of a company because they are the holders of "confidential" information delivered unreservedly by little discreet employees. Social Media is a powerful force / tool, which companies must now deal with, at a time when many of them are trying to reinvent themselves and to plan for a changing world. According to Stéphane Hugon, 2012 the digital world is a hint of a transformation in our society. Young people are more oriented to the just in time, instant information and the intensity if the new era; a temporality that sticks to tools such as social networks. These changes directly influence the work culture and organizational structure.

Submitted by Thiago Ferreira Prediger (thiagoprediger@gmail.com) on 2015-04-24T15:28:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2015-04-24T15:54:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T16:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Global sales of FT products have been growing consistently in the last years. According to the FLO, they jumped from less than €1 billion in 2004 to around €5,5 billion in 2013. Although the movement is still beginning in Brazil, some efforts aiming the institutionalization of FT are already being done. For instance, Schneider (2012) shows that there is a potential market for the FT products in Brazil, however the it is still not well developed. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the variables affecting purchase intention of these product. Past studies have identified factors that are considered predictors of Intention to Buy FT products. Considering these factors, this study aims to determine the variables that are most related to the consumers’ intention to buy and willingness to pay for FT products in Brazil. Based on the answers of 124 respondents, results show that intention to buy FT products in Brazil is linked to the consumers’ ethical consumption attitudes, product interest and quality, low skepticism and positive interest regarding the FT concept. The results also showed two antagonistic clusters of consumers regarding their attitudes. The group 'Activists' have positive attitudes, high intention to buy and willingness to pay. On the other hand, the 'Unbelievers' have negative attitudes, low intention to buy and are not willing to pay more. Based on the results of this study, organizations and individuals who aim to foster the FT market in Brazil can better understand the consumer and take more assertive marketing decisions, considering the relevance of factors affecting Intention to Buy, and differences between consumers. / As vendas globais de produtos FT cresceram de forma consistente nos últimos anos. De acordo com a FLO, as vendas cresceram de menos de € 1 bilhão em 2004 para cerca de € 5,5 bilhões em 2013. Apesar do movimento ainda estar engatinhando no Brasil, alguns esforços visando a institucionalização da FT estão sendo tomados. Por exemplo, o Schneider (2012) mostrou que existe um mercado potencial para os produtos FT no Brasil. Entretanto, ele ainda não é bem desenvolvido. Portanto, há uma necessidade de compreender melhor as variáveis que afetam a intenção de compra destes produtos. Estudos anteriores identificaram fatores que são considerados previsores de intenção de comprar produtos FT. Considerando esses fatores, o presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar as variáveis que estão mais relacionadas com a intenção de compra e disposição para pagar por produtos FT no Brasil. Com base nas respostas de 124 entrevistados, os resultados mostram que a intenção de compra de produtos FT no Brasil está ligada a atitudes de consumo éticas dos consumidores, o interesse e qualidade dos produtos, baixo ceticismo e percepção de relevância acerca do conceito FT. Os resultados também mostraram dois grupos antagônicos de consumidores a respeito de suas atitudes. O grupo dos 'ativistas' tem atitudes positivas, de alta intenção de compra e disposição a pagar mais. Por outro lado, os 'incrédulos' têm atitudes negativas, baixa intenção de compra e não estão dispostos a pagar mais. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, organizações e indivíduos que visam fomentar o mercado FT no Brasil podem entender melhor o consumidor e tomar decisões de marketing mais assertivas, considerando a relevância dos fatores que afetam a intenção de comprar, como também as diferenças entre os consumidores.