Les phénomènes de déformation du sol d‘origines naturelles (tectoniques et gravitaires...) ou anthropiques (surexploitation des nappes phréatiques, remblaiements...) peuvent avoir des retombées néfastes sur l'environnement et sur la vie humaine. Une bonne compréhension du mécanisme de la déformation est essentielle pour atténuer voire éliminer les risques sur les infrastructures et les environnements naturels. Dans cette étude, on se propose d‘appliquer la méthode interférométrique pour étudier la mobilité sur le grand Tunis qui est une zone urbaine et suburbaine et qui correspond au principal centre socio-économique de Tunisie. Tout d'abord, nous avons effectué des analyses sismotectoniques dans la zone d‘étude pour mieux comprendre les contextes sismique et structurale de la partie NE de la Tunisie tout en se basant sur différentes interprétations effectuées à partir des mécanismes au foyer et de la cartographie des épicentres réalisés dans cette zone. Cette analyse a permis de déduire l‘existence d‘un régime compressif NW-SE qui concorde bien avec le régime déjà existant à l‘échelle régionale. Cette cartographie a permis aussi la détection des différentes zones marquées par une activité sismique relativement importante avec une magnitude modérée et qui coïncident bien avec les accidents majeurs qui affectent la zone d‘étude. Par la suite, nous avons mené une analyse géomorphométrique du secteur d‘étude qui a permis de mettre en évidence différentes structures tectoniques existantes et de bien distinguer les différentes unités morphologiques et morphostructurales. Pour mieux assimiler le contexte morphodynamique de la zone d‘étude, nous avons choisi la méthode interférométrique des sous-ensembles à faibles lignes de base spatiales et temporelle (SBAS) qui est développée par Berardino et al. (2002). En effet, l‘application de l‘interférométrie radar différentiel sur la partie NE de la Tunisie a permis d‘identifier les zones à risques de subsidence naturelles et l'analyse des déformations de la surface topographique, associées aux phénomènes anthropiques. L‘analyse interférométrique des images radars à ouverture synthétique SBAS a démontré sa capacité de surveiller les déformations de la surface topographique et notamment les phénomènes de subsidence "à distance" avec une densité élevée de mesures au sol sur une large zone dans plusieurs travaux à travers le monde. Les analyses effectuées sur les données radar Envisat (2003-2007) en orbite descendante et Sentinel-1B (2016-2018) en orbite ascendante, nous ont permis d‘obtenir des cartes de déformation du sol, associées à des séries temporelles de la vitesse de déplacement de la zone d‘étude. Durant les deux périodes d‘analyses, nos résultats ont révélé et confirmé l‘existence de phénomènes de tassement différentiel dans la région de Tunis et de la plaine alluviale de Mornag. Le premier cas est très probablement expliqué par la nature du remblaiement et du sol hautement compressible dans la région de Tunis. Le deuxième cas consiste en un faible affaissement très probablement lié à une exploitation intensive du système aquifère de Mornag (pompage) / Soil deformation phenomena of natural (tectonic) or anthropic origins (over exploitation of groundwater, embankment) can have adverse effects on the environment and on human life. A good understanding of the mechanism of deformation is essential to mitigate or eliminate risks to infrastructure and natural environments. In this study, it is proposed to apply the interferometric method to study the mobility of an urban and suburban area of Tunis City, which is the main socio-economic center of Tunisia.Seismotectonic analyzes were carried out in the study area to better understand the seismic and structural context of the North East part of Tunisia while being based on the different interpretations made from focal mechanisms and mapping epicentres in this area. This analysis made it possible to deduce the existence of an NW-SE compressive regime that fits well with the existing regime at the regional level. This mapping also allowed the detection of the different zones marked by a relatively large seismic activity with a moderate magnitude and which coincide well with the major accidents that are at the level of the study area. Subsequently, a geomorphological analysis approach of the study area was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the different existing tectonic structures and to distinguish the different morphological units. It has been shown that geomorphological analysis has limitation to interpret the morphodynamic context of the study area and therefore the interferometric technique has proven to be an effective methodology for detecting and monitoring soil displacements with millimeter precision and also improving our understanding of current deformations. Indeed, the application of differential SAR interferometry made it possible to nether identify areas with natural subsidence risks or analyze the deformations of the topographic surface associated with anthropic phenomena. To better assimilate the morphodynamic context of the study area, the interferometric method of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) developed by Berardino et al. (2002) has been chosen. The analysis of Envisat ASAR (2003-2007, descending satellite orbit) and Sentinel-1B (2016-2018, ascending satellite orbit) SAR data allowed us to obtain soil deformation maps associated with time series of velocity of the study area. These analyzes showed the existence of a differential settlement phenomenon in the region of Tunis and the Mornag plain by quantifying it quite accurately. Therefore, by combining SBAS results with geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical information, we have been able to explore some of the links between soil subsidence and its main control factors, in particular:- a differential settlement detected around the Lake of Tunis region, which is probably due to the nature of highly compressible alluvial sediments with bedrock depths sometimes exceeding 65m;- a subsidence of the Mornag plain, whose overexploitation of groundwater and the compressibility of alluvium were the driving forces of these deformations

Two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have provided a platform for investigating numerous phenomena in condensed matter physics. The quantum Hall effect is a particularly remarkable phenomenon due to its topological properties, including chiral edge states with quantized conductance. This report describes progress made in interference measurements of these edge states in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers. Previous interference experiments in the quantum Hall regime have been stymied by Coulomb charging effects and poor quantum coherence. These Coulomb charging effects have been dramatically suppressed by the implementation of a novel GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure which utilizes auxiliary screening wells in addition to the primary GaAs quantum well. Using this heterostructure, Aharonov-Bohm interference is measured in very small devices which have greatly improved coherence. Robust Aharonov-Bohm interference is reported at fractional quantum Hall states nu = 1/3 and nu = 2/3. Discrete jumps in phase at nu = 1/3 consistent with anyonic braiding statistics are observed. The report concludes with proposed future experiments, including extending these results to possible non-Abelian quantum Hall states.

Anthropogenic pollution of water resources and the environment by various hazardous compounds and classes of substances raises concerns about public health impacts and environmental damage. Commercially available, portable and easy-to-use devices to detect and quantify these compounds are rather sparse, but would contribute to comprehensive monitoring and reliable risk assessment. The Soft Colloidal Probe (SCP) assay is a promising platform for the development of portable analytical devices and thus has a great potential for a transfer to industry. This assay is based on the differential deformation of an elastic particle, i.e., the SCP, as a function of analyte concentration, which affects the extent of interfacial interactions between the SCP and a biochip surface. The objective of this work was to adapt this assay for the detection of anthropogenic pollutants. Biomimetic molecular recognition approaches were used based on naturally occurring target proteins that specifically bind the anthropogenic pollutants of interest. This adaptation included the elaboration of strategies for site-specific immobilization of the respective proteins and functionalization of SCPs. In this work, it is demonstrated that the SCP method can be employed for the highly specific and sensitive detection of the critically discussed pesticide glyphosate by using the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Furthermore, a specific detection scheme for estrogens and compounds with estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity was developed by harnessing estrogen sulfotransferase as the biomimetic recognition element. In the second part of the thesis, improvements of the SCP sensing methodology are described. These improvements were achieved by accelerating data analysis and developing a novel synthesis method for SCPs that ensures monodisperse particles with superior reproducibility. Rapid extraction of interaction energies is achieved by using a pattern matching algorithm that reduces the time required for data analysis to a fraction. The microfluidics-assisted synthesis of SCPs enables the production of highly monodisperse SCPs with adjustable size and mechanical properties. Various functionalization approaches have been developed that allow easy and modular introduction of functional groups and biomolecules for SCP-based sensing approaches.

Biomarkers are biological measures used for clinical assessment, whether an individual has a particular medical condition or to monitor and predict health states in individuals. Sensitive detection and quantification of various biomarkers are essential for disease diagnostics. The majority of biomarker-based diagnostics examines the presence and quantity of a single biomarker. Since the symptoms of many diseases are alike, multiplexed biomarker tests are highly desirable. Furthermore, detection of multiple biomarkers would improve the accuracy of diagnosis as well as providing additional information about the prognosis. Microarray platforms have the potential for higher level of multiplexing for biomarker detection. However, conventional microarray technologies are limited by the sensitivity of assays. This dissertation describes how single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) overcomes the sensitivity issues in biomarker detection and its applications to biomolecular and cellular biomarker detection assays. SP-IRIS provides optical detection of individual nanoparticles when they are captured onto a simple reflecting substrate, providing single-molecule sensitivity. This technique can be used to detect natural nanoparticles (such as viruses) without labels as well as molecular analytes (proteins and nucleic acids) that are labeled with metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, the advancements in technology make SP-IRIS ideal for the detection of low abundance biomarkers. Utilization of light polarization in combination with plasmonic gold nanorods as labels enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in nanoparticle detection allowing for the use of low numerical aperture optics increasing the field-of-view, hence, the throughput and sensitivity. Additionally, the integration of a disposable microfluidic flow cell and dynamic particle tracking in kinetic measurements provide a robust, ultra-sensitive and automated diagnostic platform. This dissertation focuses on the development of biological assays demonstrating effective use of SP-IRIS as a clinical diagnostic platform. We discuss the development of protein, nucleic acid and biological nanoparticle detecting SP-IRIS microarrays. We demonstrate four digital detection platforms for Hepatitis B, microRNA, rare mutations in an oncogene, KRAS, and virus-like particle detection with ultra-high sensitivity. / 2022-09-28T00:00:00Z

The deformation on cylindrical surfaces of holes in tensile loaded laminated composite specimens was measured using new moire interferometry techniques. These new techniques were developed and evaluated using a 7075-T6 aluminum control specimen. Grating replication techniques were developed for replicating high quality diffraction gratings onto the cylindrical surfaces of holes. Replicas of the cylindrical specimen gratings (undeformed and deformed) were fabricated onto circular steel sectors. Narrow angular regions of these sector gratings were directly evaluated in a moire interferometer. This moire interferometry approach eliminated potential sources of error associated with other moire interferometry approaches. Two composite tensile specimens, fabricated from IM7/5250-4 pre-preg with ply layups of [0₄/90₄]_3s and [+30₂/-30₂/90₄]_3s, were examined using the newly developed moire interferometry techniques. Circumferential and thickness direction displacement fringe patterns (each 3 degrees wide) were assembled into 90 degrees wide mosaics around the hole periphery for both composite specimens. Distributions of strain were calculated with high confidence on a sub-ply basis at select angular locations. Measured strain behavior was complex and displayed ply-by-ply trends. Large ply related variations in the circumferential strain were observed at certain angular locations around the periphery of the holes in both composites. Extremely large ply-by-ply variations of the shear strain were also documented in both composites. Peak values of shear strain approached 30 times the applied far-field axial strain. Post-loaded viscoelastic shearing strains were recorded that were associated with the regions of large load-induced shearing strains. Large ply-grouping related variations in the thickness direction strain were observed in the [+30₂/-30₂/90₄]_3s specimen. An important large-scale trend was observed where the thickness direction strain tended to be more tensile near the outside faces of the laminate than near the mid-ply region. The measured strains were compared with the three-dimensional analysis technique known as Spline Variational Elastic Laminate Technology (SVELT), resulting in a very close match and corroborating the usefulness of SVELT. / Ph. D.

Drop impacts are present in our everyday lives, from showering and washing the dishes to inkjet printing and many industrial processes, such as spray coatings and spray cooling. In many of these applications it may be undesirable to have air entrained within the drop when it impacts a surface. As a drop approaches a surface, the gas beneath the drop is unable to fully escape resulting in a rising pressure which becomes sufficient to form a dimple in the bottom center of the drop. Therefore, when the drop makes contact with the surface, it is around the perimeter of this dimple, thus entrapping a disc of air which contracts into a minute bubble. In this dissertation, we study the very early time dynamics of the formation of the central air disc under a variety of circumstances using ultra-high-speed interferometry at rates up to 5 million frames per second. We show the effects of the liquid viscosity for viscosities spanning 7 orders of magnitude, for impacts of drops onto solid surfaces or a film of the same liquid. We find that the size of the air disc is weakly dependent on the drop viscosity to the -1/9 power. We also explore the extended gliding of the drop on a less than 160 nm thick film of air. For impacts onto a solid surface, this gliding layer is rupture in multiple random locations and each localized contact wets the surface at extreme rates compared with the expected viscous-capillary velocity. For impacts onto liquid films, the localized contacts are rarely observed and the gliding layer ruptures at a uniform location. The central bubble contracts much faster than expected in this case as well. Furthermore, we study the effects of reducing the ambient air pressure discovering a compressible and rarified-gas regime wherein the drop makes a double contact with the surface. Lastly, we study the effects of nano-scale surface roughness on the central bubble and the formation of thick bands of microbubbles around the periphery of the air disc.

Certains aspects de l'extraction du signal cosmologique à 21 cm à partir des observations radio, ainsi que le traitement des données interférométriques pour des observations depuis le sol et depuis l'espace ont été étudiés et sont présentés dans cette thèse. J'ai développé un modèle cohérent et à haute résolution du ciel en radio, qui peut fournir une carte complète et précise du ciel, dans la gamme de fréquence 10 MHz à 2,3 GHz, avec une résolution pouvant atteindre une minute d'arc. Le modèle inclut plusieurs sources de rayonnement diffus, en particulier le synchrotron Galactique, les sources radio brillantes du ciel, ainsi qu'un modèle des sources faibles. J'ai également mis au point une méthode pour extraire le signal 21 cm cosmologique, fortement contaminé par les émissions d'avant-plan et le bruit des récepteurs. La méthode utilise une cascade de deux filtres de Wiener, dans l'espace des fréquences d'abord, et ensuite, dans le domaine angulaire. Le premier filtre exploite les variations lentes des émissions d'avant-plan selon la fréquence, tandis que le second filtre exploite les corrélations angulaires du signal cosmologique pour filtrer le bruit des récepteurs, considéré non corrélé entre deux directions différentes. J'ai développé un nouvel algorithme d'imagerie pour les interféromètres en orbite lunaire. Un tel instrument serait idéal pour cartographier le ciel en dessous de 30 MHz; il ne serait en effet pas soumis aux perturbations ionosphériques et serait protégé des interférences électromagnétiques dues aux émissions terrestres. J'ai montré que l'utilisation de la précession du plan orbital du satellite permet de résoudre le problème de la symétrie miroir. La méthode exploite la relation de projection linéaire entre la carte du ciel et les visibilités mesurées, tant dans l'espace angulaire que dans l'espace des harmoniques sphériques pour reconstruire la carte du ciel. L'algorithme d'imagerie gère la complication due à l'ombre de la Lune se déplaçant avec le temps sur le champ de vue des antennes couvrant tout le ciel. Notons que ces effets ne sont pas pris en charge par les algorithmes d'imagerie existants tels que la W-Projection et la WStacking. Enfin, j'ai effectué une première analyse des données de l'interféromètre de transit PAON-4. J'ai évalué la performance globale du réseau en termes de température de bruit et de la réponse des antennes. J'ai pu étalonner avec succès les visibilités, en déterminant à la fois l'amplitude et la phase des termes de gain complexes, tout en corrigeant les décalages de pointage des antennes de PAON4. J'ai ensuite reconstruit la carte du ciel pour une bande de 10 degrés autour de la déclinaison de la source brillante Cygnus A, à partir du flot de données PAON-4 calibré et nettoyé, en appliquant l'algorithme de décomposition en mode m dans l'espace des harmoniques sphériques. / Some aspects of extracting cosmological 21cm signal from radio observations, as well as processing of interferometric data for ground based or space born instruments have been studied and discussed in this dissertation. I have developed a high-resolution self-consistent radio whole sky model, which provides an accurate full sky maps in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 2.3 GHz, with angular resolution up to 1 arcmin. It includes bright and faint radio sources, Galactic synchrotron and Galactic freefree emissions. I have also developed a method to extract the faint cosmological 21-cm signal, heavily contaminated by foreground emissions and receiver noise. The method uses a cascade of two Wiener filters, in frequency domain and then, in angular domain. The first filter exploits the smoothness of the foreground emissions along the frequency, while the second filter exploits the angular correlations of the cosmological signal, due to the receiver noise is considered to be nearly uncorrelated between different directions. I have developed a studied the performance of a new imaging algorithm for lunar orbit interferometers. Such an instrument would be ideal for mapping the radio sky below 30 MHz, as it would be free from ionospheric perturbations, as well as electromagnetic interferences due to terrestrial emissions. I have shown that we make use of the precession of satellite orbital plane to solve the mirror symmetry problem, and exploit the linear mapping between the sky map and the measured visibilities, both in angular space and spherical harmonic space to reconstruct the sky map. The imaging algorithm handles the time-varying Moon's blockage over the whole sky field of view, which are not handled by existing imaging algorithms such as the WProjection and the W-Stacking. Finally, I have carried out a first analysis of the observational visibility data from the PAON-4 transit interferometer. I have evaluated the overall performance of the array in terms of system temperature and antenna response, and successfully calibrated the visibilities, determining both amplitude and phase of the complex gain terms, while correcting PAON-4 antennae pointing offsets. I have then reconstructed the sky map for a 10 degree strip around Cygnus A declination, from the cleaned calibrated PAON-4 data streams, applying the m-mode decomposition map-making algorithm in spherical harmonic space.

Le cancer de la peau est un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Il représente le type de cancer ayant le plus fort taux de prévalence et le nombre de cas semble être en constante augmentation. Aujourd'hui, la méthode de référence pour le diagnostic du cancer cutané nécessite un échantillon de tissu suspect, appelé biopsie, prélevé après un simple examen visuel de la peau du patient. Par conséquent, près de 60 % des biopsies se révèlent être bénignes et environ 20 % des cancers de la peau ne sont pas détectés.Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit de thèse portent sur le développement d'un dispositif de tomographie par cohérence optique confocale en ligne (LC-OCT) capable de produire des images d'une qualité similaire aux coupes histologiques de manière non invasive et in vivo. Le prototype conçu fonctionne à une longueur d'onde centrale autour de 800 nm avec une largeur spectrale d'environ 150 nm. Il a été appliqué à l'imagerie in vivo de la peau avec une résolution spatiale quasi-isotrope d'environ 1 µm et une profondeur de pénétration de 400 µm. Ce dispositif pourrait alors être utilisé pour améliorer l'efficacité du processus de diagnostic du cancer de la peau en limitant le nombre de cas non détectés ainsi que le nombre de biopsies inutiles.Nous présentons ensuite un dispositif de LC-OCT fonctionnant dans deux bandes spectrales centrées autour de 770 nm et 1250 nm. La première bande produit des images à haute résolution (1.3 µm x 1.2 µm, latéral x axial) tandis que la seconde offre une profondeur de pénétration accrue (700 µm). En fusionnant les images produites dans les deux bandes il a été possible de produire des images avec une bonne résolution en superficie tout en ayant une profondeur de pénétration étendue. De plus, acquérir des images d'un échantillon dans deux bandes spectrales différentes permet dans une certaine mesure d'obtenir des informations sur les propriétés spectrales de l'échantillon.Finalement, nous présentons une preuve de concept d'un dispositif de LC-OCT couplé avec un microscope Raman ainsi que quelques exemples d'application. La microscopie Raman est une modalité spectroscopique qui permet d'identifier des molécules et ainsi de mesurer "l'empreinte digitale" d'un échantillon. Cette modalité pourrait alors fournir des informations complémentaires aux images morphologiques acquises par LC-OCT à propos de la composition biomoléculaire de l'échantillon. / Skin cancer is a major public health issue. Among all types of cancer, skin cancer has the highest prevalence rate and the number of cases seems to be steadily increasing. Currently, the gold standard of skin cancer diagnosis requires a sample of suspicious tissue, called a biopsy, removed after a simple visual inspection of the patient's skin. Consequently, almost 60 % of biopsies result in benign diagnoses, and approximately 20 % of all skin cancers are missed.The research presented in this thesis revolves around the development of a line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) device capable of producing non-invasive in vivo images similar in quality to histological cuts. The designed prototype operates at a center wavelength around 800 nm with a spectral width of approximately 150 nm. It has been applied to in vivo skin imaging with an almost isotropic spatial resolution of about 1 µm and a depth penetration reaching 400 µm. This device could thus be used to improve the efficiency of skin cancer diagnosis by limiting the number of undiagnosed cases and the number of unnecessary biopsies.We then present a LC-OCT device system operating in two spectral bands centered around 770 nm and 1250 nm. The first band produces high resolution images (1.3 µm x 1.2 µm, lateral x axial) while the second provides enhanced penetration depth (700 µm). By merging the images acquired in the two bands it has been possible to produce images with both high resolution and high penetration. Moreover, acquiring images of a sample in two different spectral bands can give, to a certain extent, information on the spectral properties of the sample.Lastly, we present a proof-of-concept LC-OCT prototype coupled together with a Raman microscope, as well as some application examples. Raman microscopy is a spectroscopic method capable of identifying molecules present in a sample and thus measuring the "fingerprint" of a sample. This modality could then provide complementary information to the morphological images provided by LC-OCT about the biomolecular composition of the sample.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de deux éléments au cœur d’un système de nanopositionnement et de micromanipulation : a) un capteur interférométrique intégré sur puce ; ses caractéristiques, particularités et potentiels sont étudiés en détails ; b) un élément utilisable en capteur et actionneur : un polymère électro-actif à flexions.L'interféromètre PicoMove est le résultat de l'étroite collaboration entre LISV et l’entreprise TeemPhotonics. Cet interféromètre, qui fonctionne dans le domaine de l'infrarouge moyen (1,55 µm) est basé sur la technologie des guides d'ondes optique lui offrant une plus grande robustesse vis-à-vis de l'environnement extérieur. son architecture est basée sur une structure Michelson-Young modifiée. Des expérimentations ont été mises en œuvre pour caractériser ses performances. Il a été démontré une résolution sub-nanométrique et un très faible niveau de bruit. Une densité spectrale de puissance de 100 fm/√Hz a été atteinte en condition statique.En outre, sa robustesse aux conditions environnementales est démontrée, et ses sources d’erreurs et spécificités métrologiques sont discutées au travers d’une application sur un étage de nanopositionnement, fonctionnant avec un moteur à bobine mobile et un guidage flexible.Le second point de cette thèse concerne l’étude des propriétés électro-mécaniques d'un polymère électro-actif ionique (IEAP) en configuration poutre encastrée. Il est capable de fonctionner en mode actionneur et en mode capteur. Pour la partie actionneur, sa raideur et fréquence propre sont déterminées. Pour la partie capteur, sa bande passante, sa résolution et sa fonction de transfert sont étudiées expérimentalement.Les capacités micrométriques de ce polymère en mode actionneur et en mode capteur sont démontrées et discutées. / This work concerns the study of two elements of a system of nanopositioning and micromanipulation: a) integrated on-chip interferometric sensor; its characteristics, peculiarities and potential are studied in detail; b) an element usable in sensor and actuator mode: an electro-active flexural polymer.The PicoMove interferometer is the result of the collaboration between LISV and the company TeemPhotonics. This interferometer, which operates in the mid-infrared range (1.55 μm), is based on optical guide technology that gives a high degree of robustness to the external environment. Its architecture is based on a modified Michelson-Young structure. Experiments have been implemented to characterize its performance. It has been demonstrated nanometric resolution and very low noise level. A spectral power density of 100 fm/√Hz was reached under static conditions.In addition, its robustness to the environmental conditions is demonstrated, and the metrological specificities are discussed with details about the specific error sources. It is applied to a nanopositioning stage using mobile coil and flexible guidance.The second point of this PhD work concerns the study of electromechanical properties of an ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) in a flexible cantilever configuration. It is able to operate in actuator mode and in sensor mode. For the actuator part, its stiffness and its natural frequency are studied. For the sensor part, its bandwidth, resolution and transfer function are experimentally studied.The micrometric capabilities of this polymer in actuator and sensor mode are demonstrated and discussed.

QUBIC est une expérience au sol en cours de construction dont le but est de mesurer les modes-B primordiaux du fond diffus cosmologique en utilisant la technique innovante de l’interférométrie bolométrique. Grace à la fusion entre interférométrie et imagerie,QUBIC a une très bonne sensibilité et un excellent contrôle des effets systématiques instrumentaux. De plus, du fait de la dépendance en fréquence du lobe synthétique,QUBIC peut être utilisé comme un spectre-imageur. Ces points pris en compte, la sensibilité globale de QUBIC au rapport tenseur/scalaire est 0.012. L’objectif de cette thèse est de d´écrire le code d’analyse de données de QUBIC, depuis la fabrication de cartes`a partir des données temporelle jusqu’`a la séparation de composantes astrophysique, l’estimation du spectre de puissance angulaire et celle des paramètres cosmologiques.Les aspects essentiels de ce travail sont les suivants: la fabrication de carte qui est très inhabituelle vis à vis des autres projets du domaine et le développement de la stratégie de couverture du ciel pour QUBIC. / QUBIC is a ground-based experiment aiming to measure the primordial B-modes, currently under construction, that uses the novel bolometric interferometry technique. Thanks to the fusion nature of QUBIC, it has very good sensitivity and excellent control of systematics. Moreover, the fact that the synthesized beam depends on the wavelength allows us to treat QUBIC as a spectro-polarimeter. These factors together give sensitivity on tensor-to-scalar ratio r 0.012. The goal of this thesis is to describe the pipeline of data analysis for QUBIC, from map-making of CMB from raw time-ordered data, through component separation and power spectra estimation to cosmological parameter estimation. The main accents of this work are: map-making, which is very unusual in comparison with other experiments in the field, and the development of scanning strategy for QUBIC.