Studiens syfte var att undersöka vad intermittent anställda i offentlig sektor inom framförallt kommunala stöd-, vård- och omsorgsverksamheter upplever vara attraktiva arbetsförhållanden. Studien ämnade även belysa vilka för- och nackdelar intermittent anställda ser med tillsvidareanställning gentemot nuvarande anställningsform. Samt besvara varför vissa medarbetare föredrar intermittentanställning. En avgränsning gjordes till att undersöka detta fenomen hos Socialkontoret, Skellefteåkommun. Detta då Socialkontoret sett en ökning senaste åren av medarbetare som väljer att avstå tillsvidareanställning. Studien har genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med intermittent anställda på Socialkontoret, följt av tematisk analys, identifierat tre kärnteman; Flexibilitet, Inkomst, Arbetsmiljö. Likt tidigare forskning visade resultatet att inkomst och trygghet är framträdande faktorer vad gäller attraktiva egenskaper hos arbetsgivare. Flexibilitet framstod som den största fördelen med intermittenta anställningar och möjligheten att kombinera arbetsliv med privatliv, något som enligt forskning ses som främsta dragningskraften med otrygga anställningar. Att inkomsten inte upplevs vara i balans med arbetsinsatsen och krav framgick tydligt. Att den undersökta yrkesgruppen upplevde hög arbetsbelastning stöds dessutom av tidigare forskning. Goda relationer med kollegor ansågs vara en viktig faktor för att trivas på en arbetsplats och kollegors stöd upplevdes bidra till att dämpa stressen vid hög arbetsbelastning. Majoriteten av respondenterna menade att deras situation är tillfällig, vilket äventycktes innebära att deras mentala hälsa ej påverkades av den stress det annars kan innebära att befinna sig i en otrygg anställning. De flesta av respondenterna framförde att de såg sig tveksamma till att tacka ja till en tillsvidareanställning så som de såg sin situation just nu. Familjesituationen tolkades till stor del bidra till den inställningen.

Purpose: Fasting has been promoted as a method of preventing disease and aging for thousands of years. With heart disease being a leading cause of death in the U.S., researchers have explored the effects of fasting on variables that influence cardiovascular disease (CVD), like LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of weekly water-only fasting on LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in men and women with metabolic risk factors for CVD. Methods: This study was a randomized control trial in adult men and women. Participants were randomized to fasting (treatment) or normal diet (control). The fasting protocol consisted of four weeks of two 24-hour water-only fasts, followed by 22 weeks of once-weekly water-only 24-hour fasts. Measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference and LDL-C were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, 13 weeks, and 26 weeks. Results: Intermittent fasting (n = 50) and control (n = 53) participants were 49.3 ± 12.0 and 47.0 ± 9.8 years, respectively, predominantly females (66.0% and 67.9%), overweight (103 ± 24 and 100 ± 21 kg), and with mild LDL-C elevation (124 ± 19 and 128 ± 20 mg/dL). Change in weight was −1.70 ± 4.69 (kg) in the fasting group and 0.20 ± 3.45 (kg) in the control group and not different between conditions (p = 0.06). There was no condition-by-period interaction for LDL-C (p = 0.06). Similarly, the change in LDL-C from baseline to follow-up was not different between conditions (t = −0.538, p = 0.59; Cohens D = 0.12) Conclusions: A once-per-week intermittent fasting regimen did not reduce weight or LDL-C. Further research of such fasting regimens is needed to evaluate their potential impact on cardiometabolic health.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Anatomy))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Anatomy / unrestricted

Patienter med blåstömningsbesvär kan behöva tömma urinblåsan med hjälp av en kateter temporärt eller livet ut. Enligt forskning är ren intermittent katetrisering (RIK) den bästa metoden att tömma sin urinblåsa med, när blåstömningsbesvär uppstår. Uroterapeuten är den specialistsjuksköterska som oftast informerar och instruerar patienten i RIK. Med hjälp av RIK kan patientens självständighet och livskvalitet öka. Bristande följsamhet till egenvårdsråd ökar risken för komplikationer som exempelvis urinvägsinfektion. Ofta beskrivs fördelarna med RIK, mer sällan beskrivs de faktorer som påverkar patientens följsamhet till RIK. Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som kan påverka patientens följsamhet till behandling med RIK. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie, vilken bygger på analysen av nio kvantitativa, kvalitativa och mixed-method artiklar. Data som framkom i resultatet delades upp i två huvudteman; Lärandet och Livsvärld med totalt fem tillhörande subteman. Att drabbas av blåstömningsbesvär och vara i behov av RIK innebär för många patienter både en fysisk och en psykisk börda, vilket kan försvåra följsamheten. En viktig faktor som påverkar följsamheten var patientens ofta bristande kunskaper om urinvägarnas funktion, hur RIK fungerar och hur metoden används. Patienterna uttryckte rädsla inför och upplevde det skrämmande att initiera RIK. Patienterna uttryckte även ett stort behov av att få individanpassad information för att öka möjligheten till delaktighet och anpassning av RIK i vardagen. En ökad kunskap hos uroterapeuten om de faktorer som påverkar är en framgångsfaktor i patientens följsamhet till RIK.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19793号 / 人博第764号 / 新制||人||184(附属図書館) / 27||人博||764(吉田南総合図書館) / 32829 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 教授 石原 昭彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia disease and the main cause of death. The hallmark is neurofibrillary tangles (abnormal aggregates of tau protein) and beta-amyloid (Aβ) neuritic plaques that leads to impaired cognitive function such as memory loss and learning difficulties. Researchers have discovered that intermittent fasting improves these cognitive abilities, even though eating regularly is recommended for good cognition. This systematic review aims to investigate further if intermittent fasting improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease and if levels of Aβ and tau pathology explain these changes in cognitive function. The research question is: does intermittent fasting improve cognitive abilities in Alzheimer’s disease and does the levels of Aβ and tau pathology explain these cognitive changes? A literature search for articles was performed on three electronic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, and WorldCat which gave n=744 articles. The cognitive tests showed a trend toward improved memory, learning, and exploratory behavior in Alzheimer’s disease from intermittent fasting. However, the effects on the levels of Aβ and tau pathology were inconsistent, which invites the possibility of a more prominent, underlying issue of Alzheimer's disease.

No description available.

Glaister, M., M.H. Stone, A.M. Stewart, M.G. Hughes, and G.L. Moir. The influence of endurance training on multiple sprint cycling performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):606-612. 2007. - The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of endurance training on multiple sprint cycling performance and to evaluate the influence of recovery duration on the magnitude of those effects. Twenty-one physically active male university students were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 12) or a control (n = 9) group. The experimental group cycled for 20 minutes each day, 3 times per week, for 6 weeks at 70% of the power output required to elicit maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max). Multiple sprint performance was assessed using 2 maximal (20 × 5 seconds) sprint cycling tests with contrasting recovery periods (10 or 30 seconds). All tests were conducted on a friction-braked cycle ergometer. Relative to controls, training resulted in a 0.2 L·min -1 increase in mean Vo2max (95% likely range: -0.04 to 0.44 L·min-1). Changes in anaerobic capacity (determined by maximal accumulated oxygen deficit) over the same period were trivial (p = 0.96). After training, the experimental group showed significant improvements (∼40 W), relative to controls, in multiple sprint measures of peak and mean power output. In contrast, training-induced reductions in fatigue were trivial (p = 0.63), and there were no significant between-protocol differences in the magnitude of any effects. In summary, 6 weeks of endurance training resulted in substantial improvements in multiple sprint cycling performance, the magnitude of the improvements being largely unaffected by the duration of the intervening recovery periods.

After looking in the vault copies, the Digitization Centre has determined that page vi is a missing page and may be a printing error. -Digitization Centre / This study aimed to improve understanding of walking exercise among individuals with intermittent claudication. Using a prospective design, Ajzen's (1985, 1991) theory of planned behaviour was applied to examine psychosocial determinants of walking exercise. In addition, measures of barrier self-efficacy were explored as determinants of behaviour and perceived pain intensity was examined as a moderator of the intention-behaviour relationship. Ninety-four participants (n = 33 female) completed baseline measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions to engage in walking exercise. Additional measures of pain-related barrier self-efficacy and barrier self-efficacy regarding walking exercise were obtained and the Borg CR1 0 Pain Scale (Borg, 1998) was used to assess perceived pain intensity during walking. Participants were contacted weekly by telephone over four consecutive weeks and asked to recall their walking exercise and associated perceived pain intensity for the preceding seven-day period. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control contributed significantly to a multiple regression model predicting 67% of the variance in walking intentions. Intentions and perceived behavioural control explained 34% of the variance in walking exercise; however, pain-related barrier self-efficacy and barrier self-efficacy did not explain additional variance in behaviour and perceived pain intensity failed to moderate the intention-behaviour relationship. Findings support the theory of planned behaviour for predicting walking intentions and exercise among individuals with intermittent claudication, and suggest that pain cognitions as measured in this study do not play a role in determining walking. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)