Thesis (Ph. D. in Political Science)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2002. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse--Genève. / At head of title: Université de Genève, Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales. Bibliography: p. [177]-180.

Thèse--Universit́e de Genève. / At head of title: Université de Genève. Institut Universitaire de Hautes Études Internationales. "Bibliographie": p. 221-225.

Thesis--Tampere. / Fi. Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-359).

Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2007.

Orientadora: Karina Lilia Pasquariello Mariano / Banca: José Briceño Ruiz / Banca: Regiane Nitsch Bressan / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa a multiplicação dos processos de integração regional na América do Sul a partir de sua institucionalidade. O objetivo é verificar se o desenvolvimento desses processos ocorre de forma concorrente ou de maneira complementar, avaliando o quanto há de sobreposição de atividades, agendas e interesses. Selecionamos como objeto as agendas de MERCOSUL, UNASUL e CELAC e a hipótese deste trabalho é que a fragmentação pode ser verificada na multiplicação de iniciativas, refletindo a pluralidade de estratégias adotadas pelos governos em sua política externa para tratar a integração, e denotando a ausência de uma concepção majoritária de "integração regional" na América Latina que permita a formação de uma base de convergência das múltiplas iniciativas de modo articulado. Para a verificação da mesma, realizou-se um mapeamento dos processos regionais e análise documental, combinados com entrevistas a atores institucionais dos mecanismos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os cenários de governança e fragmentação coexistem no espaço regional, demandando novos estudos e esforços para a construção de um espaço integrado. / Abstract: This research analyzes the proliferation of regional integration processes in South America from its institutionality. The goal is to verify if the development of these processes occur concurrently or in a complementary manner by evaluating how activities, agendas and interests overlap. MERCOSUR, UNASUR and CELAC agendas' were selected as the object of this work and the hypothesis is that fragmentation can be seen in the multiplication of initiatives and reflects the diversity of strategies adopted by the governments in their foreign policy to treat integration, denoting the absence of a majority conception of "regional integration" in Latin America that may allow the formation of a base of convergence of multiple initiatives. To verify it, we did a mapping of regional processes and document analysis, combined with interviews with institutional actors of the mechanisms. The results show that governance and fragmentation scenarios coexist in the region, demanding new studies and efforts to build an integrated space. / Mestre

No description available.

In the light of rising criticism and debate over the legitimacy and accountability of the central international economic institutions, the IMF, World Bank, and WTO, some developments can be seen in how these organizations are reacting to such criticism to improve their legitimacy. The study is comparative in character and aims to explain how these organizations are changing and why this change is occurring now as well as why there are differences in how the three organizations are developing. In taking a constructivist approach to the study of international organizations as actors, it is argued that an understanding of international organizations as bureaucracies with varying degrees of autonomy will contribute to a deeper understanding of their behaviour. The role, mission, and organization of the three organizations is discussed, followed by critique relating to representation and influence for share- and stakeholders, as well as problems of transparency and accountability. Relevant changes in the organizations include increased transparency and use of evaluations, and an increased contact with NGOs. It is argued that NGOs have been an important influencing factor on this development, but also important is the fact that central states have begun to argue for similar changes. These issues have now become important questions in the organizations. The differing roles and character of the organizations has meant that they have responded differently to criticism and have been more or less open to NGOs. Their bureaucratic culture is seen to influence how these issues are interpreted in the organizations. The World Bank has developed the most while the IMF and the WTO have been slower to respond to criticism and engage with NGOs. Significantly these changes arguably amount to a change in what legitimacy means for these organizations.

Although all Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) interact with non-state actors (NSAs) in some capacity, the extent to which NSAs are granted participatory roles in the governance of IGOs varies substantially. Why do some intergovernmental organizations - intergovernmental clubs of sovereign states - extend access, participatory opportunity or even participatory rights, to non-state actors? The goal of this project is to address the question of variation. I investigate the interests of the actors with power to determine the rules regarding engagement with NSAs - member states and IGO secretariats - and identify specific incentives for each actor to establish rules or practice of engagement with NSAs in each type of engagement. I find that the member states and secretariats that determine these engagement practices benefit from the inclusion or participation of NSAs in specific and predictable ways. By identifying the interests and incentives of the relevant actors, it is possible to predict the creation of particular sorts of engagement and explain variation in those engagement mechanisms across different intergovernmental organizations. I test the proposed relationship between IGO interests and participatory rules through examination of the United Nations system and three UN organizations: The UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). I find that the historical evidence supports an interest-based theory for the granting of participation rights to NSAs within IGOS. Secretariats frequently support selective partnerships with NSAs for the purpose of advancing their mission, and assemblies generally prefer to establish informal consultation mechanisms rather than formal rights of participation for NSAs. Formal participation rights linked to the member-state venue of an IGO assembly are advanced only when in the shadow of strong support from states, or where the assembly recognizes that NSA participation provides benefits that cannot be gained through informal consultation alone. / Political Science

The purpose of the present thesis, is to trace the development of the idea of world organization to secure world peace. An endeavor is made to give a brief survey of the best known peace plans of history with a critical evaluation of the contribution of each to the ideas embodied in the League of Nations and the United Nations.