Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-220). Also available on the Internet.

This thesis is an account of women's international work at the League of Nations. While feminists' shift from the national to the international arena has been noted in studies on the inter-war women's movement, most often it has been interpreted as a reflection of the heightened salience of peace work in the aftermath of the First World War. This is an important observation but it overlooks the fact that women's activities at the League embraced the full spectrum of feminist causes: social reform, women's rights and peace. This thesis gives prominence to inter-war feminist activity played against the backdrop of institutional developments at the League which encouraged women to believe their goals could be advanced under its auspices. One of the major goals of the Women's International Organizations was to establish a political role for women in international affairs. The first chapter describes the efforts of women's organizations to secure the representation of women in the League of Nations. Many recently enfranchised women in Europe and North America identified the League as an institution toward which they should direct their newly won political influence. This is assessed in the context of ideas that emerged in the aftermath of the First World War about the transformation of the international sphere through the infusion of female values. The second, third and fourth chapters present a profile of the women's networks operating in and around the League. The study reveals a high level of interaction between the Women's International Organizations and women in official positions at the League. Chapter 2 examines the aims of the Women's International Organizations and exposes tensions between social feminist and equal rights feminist organizations that led to a struggle for influence at the League. The third and fourth chapters assess the impact of gender-stereotyping on patterns of appointments to the League. However much appointments to Assembly delegations and League advisory committees should have carried with them national allegiances, women delegates were often seen to represent women and this both positively and negatively affected women's participation. The remaining chapters assess women's impact on the development of League activities with particular attention to the implications of the idea that women as women had a special contribution to make at the international level. Chapter 5 explores the extent to which the assertion of difference enhanced women's influence with regard to the League's social and humanitarian work in the 1920s and enabled them to have several gender-specific concerns placed on the agenda. The Depression and the rise of reactionary ideologies influenced feminists to call for more decisive League action on the status of women in the 1930s. Most member states of the League, however, did not view the status of women as a subject for international consideration. Chapter 6 looks at the conflict between social and equal rights feminists over what League initiatives would prove most effective for advancing the status of women and traces developments that ultimately led to the League sponsored Inquiry on the Legal Status of Women in 1937. The seventh chapter assesses the impact of traditional associations between women and peace on women's peace activities at the League. Cultural representations of women as peace-loving had political relevance in the context of League activities and the League attempted to bolster support in the 1930s by intensifying collaboration with women. Significantly, the Women's International Organizations responded by asserting that only with equality would women's influence for peace be fully available. The interplay between equality and difference permeated women's international work at every level and the conclusion evaluates the way in which this tension influenced women's participation in and contribution to the activities of the League of Nations.

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Marburg, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references and sources (p. 353-397)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-307).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-306).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, Toronto, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-247).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-271).

That work objective to analyse the limites of acting from organization of civil society in definition of treaties and international solution. To much, developed an analysis about elements that permeate acting of participate phenomenons that emerge in scene of current process of globalization (chapter I). In second moment ( Chapter II) demonstrate the impact and limits acting of actors don't nationalized in international having the power spheres to decide, starting of analysis of dialogue instruments and participation of civil society ,conceived in level of economic cooperation organization of United Nations and having the power to decide authorities of MERCOSUL . The actuation transnationalized of citizen activism determined the insertion of news standard of cooperation and to decision in sphers of international organization, enlarging the prospect of construction of universal covering of citizenship rights. / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar os limites da atuação das organizações da sociedade civil na definição de tratados e resoluções internacionais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma análise sobre os elementos que permeiam a atuação dos fenômenos participativos que emergem no cenário do processo atual de globalização (Capítulo 1). Num segundo momento (Capítulo 2), demonstra-se o impacto e os limites da atuação dos atores não estatais nas esferas decisórias internacionais, a partir da análise de instrumentos de diálogo e participação da sociedade civil, concebidos no âmbito de organizações de cooperação econômica das Nações Unidas e nas instâncias decisórias do MERCOSUL. A atuação transnacional do ativismo cidadão determinou a inserção de novos padrões de cooperação e decisão na esfera das organizações internacionais, ampliando a perspectiva de construção de coberturas universais de direitos da cidadania.

Orientador: Tullo Vigevani / Banca: Andréa Ribeiro Hoffmann / Banca: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de Moraes / Resumo: O Regionalismo é uma característica constante das relações internacionais. Na sua forma atual - o novo regionalismo - a União Européia é o seu maior e mais complexo exemplo. Iniciado há mais de cinco décadas, a integração européia atualmente envolve vinte e sete Estados-membros num "sistema político" que combina elementos supranacionais e intergovernamentais. A criação da União Econômica e Monetária- UEM (1992), representa a sua maior realização. O propósito dessa tese possuí dois objetivos: na luz das Relações Internacionais, apresentar o debate atual sobre regionalismo e integração européia, e em segundo, analisar a UEM, abordando sua dimensão histórica, política e teórica. / Abstract: Regionalism is a long- standing feature in international relations. In its current form the new regionalism the European Union is its main and most complex example. Started over five decades ago, the European integration currently involves twenty seven member States in an unprecedented 'political system' that combines supranational and intergovernmental elements. The creation of the Economic and Monetary Union - EMU (1992) represents its biggest achievement. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: to present, from an international relations perspective, the on going debate on regionalism and European integration, and second, to analyse the EMU, addressing its historical, political and theoretical dimension. / Mestre

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T22:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertazzo_JulianaSantosMaia_D.pdf: 3409902 bytes, checksum: 2f3ceabffb8b7b725889457b7a33b239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte contraria a teoria das alianças: mesmo tendo sido declarada vencedora da Guerra Fria por uma inesperada retirada de seu oponente, ela não saiu de cena. A Aliança Atlântica desde então se expandiu e se adaptou gradativamente às novas exigências do contexto regional e internacional, com uma presença ativa em ambos. Após os eventos de 11 de setembro 2001, contudo, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte perde seu foco principal, que era a defesa da Europa, e se desdobra entre demandas regionais e globais não só dos seus membros, mas também de outras organizações. O meu objeto de pesquisa é, portanto, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte em sua nova fase, ao mesmo tempo um caso único de persistência entre as alianças militares e de adaptação entre as organizações regionais de segurança. Minha análise sobre os fenômenos relacionados à nova fase da Aliança Atlântica se desenvolve em quatro pontos: o alargamento, a permanência, a transformação, e as operações. Minha hipótese central é que durante a Guerra Fria a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte foi uma referência para a segurança internacional, mas se manteve restrita à dinâmica da segurança regional, e com o fim da confrontação bipolar ela assume tarefas que progressivamente expõem os seus limites. Assim, neste trabalho de pesquisa, divido os pontos destacados em dois grandes eixos: enquanto um se refere a questões de segurança regional, incluindo alargamento e permanência, o outro diz respeito à segurança internacional, contendo a transformação da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte e sua atuação em operações diversas. Com base em dados obtidos durante a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, afirmo que esta política atual de expansão do alcance geográfico e estratégico da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte apresenta sérias limitações. Mais especificamente, minhas hipóteses de trabalho são de que há limitações para o seu (I) alargamento, colocadas pela Rússia, para a sua (II) permanência, colocadas pela União Européia, para sua (III) transformação, colocadas pela necessidade de um componente civil nas operações em que se envolve, e também para a sua (IV) atuação global, colocadas pelo engajamento dos seus membros. Portanto, nesta tese analiso (I) o ritmo e a direção da expansão da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte, (II) a sua permanência e a sua relação com outras organizações, (III) o seu conceito estratégico e desenho institucional, e finalmente (IV) as suas operações, com atenção para as questões de legitimidade. As conclusões do meu estudo apontam para a chegada de um ponto de inflexão importante: tendo passado toda a Guerra Fria sem entrar em combate, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte vive uma nova fase, se envolvendo constantemente em conflitos, mas seu maior desafio atual é a afirmação de sua contínua utilidade e relevância. / Abstract: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization stands against this theory of alliances: even after it was declared winner of the Cold War by a sudden lack of opponent, it was not disbanded. The Atlantic Alliance has since then expanded and gradually adapted itself to respond to new demands of the regional and international contexts, keeping itself actively present in both. In the post-September 11 era, however, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization loses its main focus, which was the defense of Europe, and takes on regional and global tasks to comply with requests from its own members and also extraneous actors. My research topic is therefore the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in this new phase, at once a unique case of persistence among military alliances and of adaptation amongst organizations. My analysis of the phenomena related to the new phase of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization revolves around four points: enlargement, persistence, transformation and operations. My central hypothesis is that during the Cold War, although the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a reference for international security, it was restricted to the dynamics of regional security, and after the end of the bipolar confrontation, it takes on tasks that progressively reveal the limits of the Alliance. Thus, in this research work I divided these four main points into two axes: while one is concerned with regional security issues, such as enlargement and persistence, the other involves international security, namely transformation and operations. I use data obtained through bibliographic and field research to argue that the current geographic and strategic expansion policy carried out by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has serious limitations. More specifically, my working hypotheses are that there are limits to (I) the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, posed by Russia, (II) to its persistence, posed by the European Union, to its (III) transformation, posed by the lack of a civilian component for its operations, and finally, for its (IV) global operations, due to unsteady commitment by its members. Therefore, in this thesis I analyze (I) the pace and direction of expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, (II) its persistence and its relations with other organizations, (III) its strategic concept and institutional design, and finally (IV) its operations, with special attention to legitimacy issues. The conclusions of my study reveal the coming of an important turning point: having gone through the whole of the Cold War without engaging in combat, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization mow lives a new phase, which sees it constantly involved in conflicts, but assuring its continued utility and relevance is hitherto its major challenge. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência Política