Since 1978 in mainland China¡¦s reform and opening up, the state gradually beyond the control of the development of society. The civil society in mainland China is changing. The development of NGOs in Taiwan has rapid growth after the lifting of martial law period. Whether China could refuse or not promote the activities of the international NGOs, not only because of local NGOs massive increase but also the wave of globalization. This article compares the ways of NGOs international participations across straits. For mainland China, how to catch up with the world become more important after reform and opening up. And the Martial law ended, Taiwan how to cope with the development of globalization. This article first discusses under the global civil society, the cross-strait NGOs how to participate in international affairs, and how to exchange and cooperate with international organizations. And then observe the interactive relationship from the international participation architecture. Finally, we discuss the cross-strait development of the NGOs with constructivism. And the activity of NGOs develops from global civil society and International participation in interactive mode. Through these three architectures, we could understand the across strait NGOs attitude for international participation, and how to influence the international participation mode. In addition to use the theory to prove the cross-strait NOGs international participation mode and manner. We figure out the different ways of NGOs in Special Consultative Status with ECOSOC of the United Nations across straits, what mainland China NGOs and Taiwan initiative type and service-oriented NGOs. There are many different not only in China¡¥s international participation on unlike issues within theNGOs , but also in cross-strait NGOs international participation way and the types of activities. While Taiwan NGOs do something about international participation, subjected to mainland China. Taiwan how to use the power of the NGOs to break the siege, step on the big stage of international affairs.

This study theoretically presupposes that the individual is an integral entity, therefore, education should take place according to the harmonious development of all the facets of a child's being. Even in antiquity, physical education and sport were seen to be important for a balanced education. Every society implements physical education and sport according to own needs and requirements, according certain values to sport, which values are reviewed in this study. A literature study corroborates that the intellectual, physical and social development of the child undoubtedly forms part of the total environment of the educative process. Exclusion of any facet could cause an imbalance in the development of the child. Incorporation of physical education and sport in the post-apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa forms the later part of the investigation. Various factors in South Africa have an influence on the role and place of physical education and sport within the curriculum. Government involvement in sport can determine the place of sport in society and in the curriculum. The readmittance of South Africa into international participation and changes in the political policy also play a role. These factors pose the challenge and facilitate the possibility to reinstate physical education and sport at schools. The structure of South African sport is undergoing a total change and the role players in the sports fraternity are now faced with numerous challenges and opportunities. Reinstating physical education and sport in the school curriculum serves a vital role in the reconstruction and development of a healthy and well-balanced society. Furthermore, reinstatement could reverse the consequences of social and economic injustices. Research undertaken in Australia, also provides some answers to problems for the South African situation. It proposes new initiatives that could be of help to the relevant role players in the planning of physical education and school sport in the post­ apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

This study theoretically presupposes that the individual is an integral entity, therefore, education should take place according to the harmonious development of all the facets of a child's being. Even in antiquity, physical education and sport were seen to be important for a balanced education. Every society implements physical education and sport according to own needs and requirements, according certain values to sport, which values are reviewed in this study. A literature study corroborates that the intellectual, physical and social development of the child undoubtedly forms part of the total environment of the educative process. Exclusion of any facet could cause an imbalance in the development of the child. Incorporation of physical education and sport in the post-apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa forms the later part of the investigation. Various factors in South Africa have an influence on the role and place of physical education and sport within the curriculum. Government involvement in sport can determine the place of sport in society and in the curriculum. The readmittance of South Africa into international participation and changes in the political policy also play a role. These factors pose the challenge and facilitate the possibility to reinstate physical education and sport at schools. The structure of South African sport is undergoing a total change and the role players in the sports fraternity are now faced with numerous challenges and opportunities. Reinstating physical education and sport in the school curriculum serves a vital role in the reconstruction and development of a healthy and well-balanced society. Furthermore, reinstatement could reverse the consequences of social and economic injustices. Research undertaken in Australia, also provides some answers to problems for the South African situation. It proposes new initiatives that could be of help to the relevant role players in the planning of physical education and school sport in the post­ apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)