M.Ed. (Education Management) / Sport is part and parcel of man's pattern of life and the original play phase of the child has developed into a system of organised sport in schools. The child requires intervention and responsible guidance, but it should take place in circumstances of full protection. The child therefore requires a situation where he has a wide but safe scope of activity in the extra-curricular program as well ...

M.Phil. (Sport Management) / The purpose of this study was to investigate the management of cricket coaching programmes at u/19 level in the Gauteng Province. Specifically, this study attempted to determine the current situation regarding management of coaching programmes and the delivery of in-school driven programmes in the province. Data was collected from schools offering cricket as a sport from both the Gauteng Lions and Northerns Cricket Union franchises. There were 10 schools in the Northerns franchise and 14 first-team players from these schools were selected as respondents. There were 10 schools in the Gauteng Lions franchise and 14 first-team players from these schools were selected as respondents. The managers and coaches were selected to respond to a questionnaire as their portfolios make them the foremost sources of information regarding programmes, and they could locate records containing relevant information. Executive committee members from the boards of Gauteng Lions and Northerns Cricket Union were also questionnaire respondents as their primary role is the implementation of policies. Chairpersons of the high schools committees were also respondents and an official from Cricket South Africa (CSA) participated. A total of 324 (n=324) questionnaires were distributed 162 (n=162) to the Gauteng Lions franchise and 162 (n=162) to the Northerns franchise. One questionnaire was sent to CSA, making a grand total of 325 (n=325) questionnaires. From the 162 questionnaires submitted to Northerns, only 111 (n=111) respondents returned their questionnaires; these 111 participants comprised of white (n=70), black (n=25), coloured (n=10), indians (n=2) and chinese (n=4). From the 162 questionnaires submitted to the Gauteng Lions franchise (162), the 96 respondents who returned their questionnaires were white (n=44), black (n=30), coloured (n=12), indians (n=9) and 1 chinese (n=1). The results revealed that the majority of players involved in u/19 programmes come from the white population group. The results revealed that the Gauteng Lions participate in inter-provincial weeks with a very small number of players that have caps at u/19 level (5.2%) and this reduces their chances of being selected to represent the SA u/19 team. Both franchises indicated financial challenges, but the Gauteng Lions have even bigger challenges ...

Die bestuursverantwoordelikhede van die skoolhoo ten opsigte van skoolsport is vanuit 'n juridies-opvoedkundige perspektief ondersoek. Sport is eerstens in 'n opvoed­ kundige perspektief geplaas en daar is onder andere gewys op die plek van sport binne die onderwysstelsel en die waarde van sport vir die kind as opvoedeling. Daarna is vanuit 'n bestuursperspektiebesin oar aangeleenthede wat verband hou met skoolsport, met besondere verwysing na die bestuurstake van die skoolhoof. Die navorsing behels oak 'n bespreking van relevante juridiese aspekte en die implikasies daarvan vir skoolbestuur. In die lig van die navorsing is riglyne neergelen aanbevelings gemaak wat grater doeltreffendheid vir die bestuur van skoolsport tot gevolg sal h . / The managerial responsibilities of the headmaster with regard to sport in schools have been examined from a juridical educational point-of-view. Firstly sport is viewed from an inter alia, its educational perspective in order to show, place and value to the child within the educational system. Secondly sport is considered from a managerial perspective in order to consider managerial responsibilities regarding school sports with special reference to the headmaster as manager of the shcool. Thirdly this research contains a discourse of relevant juridical aspects, and their implications regarding school management vis-a-vis the headmaster. In consequence, this research has led to guidelines and recommendations which should enable a headmaster to effect a more efficient system of management with regard to school sports. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Onderwysbestuur)

Public relations play an intricate role in communication development strategies within sport, especially netball. The objective of the research is to create a communication campaign incorporated in a public relations programme in aid of the development of netball in Port Elizabeth schools. The significance of the research is to create an understanding of the challenges faced by the learners to participate in netball and to develop the sport. The development of players at a young age is not up to standard when compared to countries where netball is already a professional sport. There is a lack of communication between the different stakeholders, namely the players, coaches and external publics. Qualitative research methods were implemented where primary and secondary data was used to conduct the research. Focus groups were utilised to gather primary data from netball players and coaches. These interviews proved that communication gaps do exist between the different stakeholders of school and netball. An introduction about netball will be discussed. Literature about public relations and communication will be presented. The research methodology will be presenting the research design and research methods used to conduct the research. Characteristics of the schools used in the interviews will be discussed. The research analysis, findings and discussions will present a guideline to be implemented by schools to enhance communication and therefore help develop netball. The research will then be concluded and summarised. Limitations to the study will be discussed as well as recommendations for further study on the topic. Communication plays an important role when trying to build mutual beneficial relationships between the various stakeholders. The results in this research bring to the conclusion that effective communication is needed to enhance and develop netball to ultimately become a professional sport.

Die bestuursverantwoordelikhede van die skoolhoo ten opsigte van skoolsport is vanuit 'n juridies-opvoedkundige perspektief ondersoek. Sport is eerstens in 'n opvoed­ kundige perspektief geplaas en daar is onder andere gewys op die plek van sport binne die onderwysstelsel en die waarde van sport vir die kind as opvoedeling. Daarna is vanuit 'n bestuursperspektiebesin oar aangeleenthede wat verband hou met skoolsport, met besondere verwysing na die bestuurstake van die skoolhoof. Die navorsing behels oak 'n bespreking van relevante juridiese aspekte en die implikasies daarvan vir skoolbestuur. In die lig van die navorsing is riglyne neergelen aanbevelings gemaak wat grater doeltreffendheid vir die bestuur van skoolsport tot gevolg sal h . / The managerial responsibilities of the headmaster with regard to sport in schools have been examined from a juridical educational point-of-view. Firstly sport is viewed from an inter alia, its educational perspective in order to show, place and value to the child within the educational system. Secondly sport is considered from a managerial perspective in order to consider managerial responsibilities regarding school sports with special reference to the headmaster as manager of the shcool. Thirdly this research contains a discourse of relevant juridical aspects, and their implications regarding school management vis-a-vis the headmaster. In consequence, this research has led to guidelines and recommendations which should enable a headmaster to effect a more efficient system of management with regard to school sports. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Onderwysbestuur)

According to the recent Statistics South Africa (2007), there are 668 176 children with disability between 6 – 23 years old of which 337 660 are males and 330 516 females in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape. This number consists of schoolchildren with visual, auditory, physical, mental, multiple and non- specified types of disabilities. However, there are limited research studies on the challenges around opportunities for children to participate in variety of sporting activities within the school settings. The purpose of this study was to provide a more accurate picture of the barriers against inclusion of students with disabilities in sports, among the identified Special Schools in the Amathole district, Eastern Cape. Data collection involved interviews, questionnaire and participant observation methods. Results showed that 87 percent of the students with disabilities participated in one sport or the other with male student participating more (92.2 percent than the female participants (86.7 percent). Overall, the participation rate was 86.7 percent. Further analysis of data revealed that 44 percent female and 41.5 percent male students agreed strongly that sporting activities are beneficial to their health. 7.1 percent of the sample indicated that their disability prevented them from sports participation. The reported main barriers towards sports participation include; lack of trained personnel; lack of adequate funding; lack of cooperation from parents and guardians and inadequate facilities and equipment. Although students with disabilities were using the limited resources at their disposal to participate in sports, they need support to sustain their efforts.

M.Phil (Sport Management) / Physical Education and sport has a natural place in education whether the approach is formal or informal. Providing learners with the opportunity to play sport at school and to participate in Physical Education ensure that they receive education that addresses the body, mind and spirit. Participation in sport and physical activities in the education environment involves, next to enjoyment, a range of risks. Unfortunately, incidents of injuries and accidents that could have been prevented do occur. These may lead to allegations ofnegligence on the part of a coach, official or even a spectator. It is an educator's duty to ensure that in all matters pertaining to children, including participation in sport and physical activities, the principle of acting in the best interests of the child must take precedence. Proper safety practices and procedures should be implemented by the educator and the school in order to prevent injuries. Risk management is one of the methods by which sport educators can provide the safest possible environment for their participants. This is necessary not only to comply with legal requirements but also to demonstrate sound educational principles that support learnercentered education. This study sought to identify the key problems surrounding the safety of learners engaged in physical activities in the context of sport, Physical Education and recreation in South African independent schools. It analyzed the .qualifications and experience of sport and Physical Education teachers as well as educators' knowledge of risk management practices. An assessment was made about the extent to which risk management procedures were implemented in various schools in order to prevent injuries from occurring.. The study was conducted from a positivistic paradigm and the design comprised a survey. The primary data was gathered by the use of a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained using literature studies describing risk management, the law in sport and education as well as the management ofsport in schools. The study has established that in general, safety practices and procedures at independent schools in Gauteng are implemented in a prudent and responsible manner. In some schools and with some aspects improvements can still be made but the overall status appears professional and promising. It has been established that independent schools demonstrate good practice with regard to the aspects of insurance, safety measures, supervision of staff members and learners, instruction, equipment, facilities, policies and procedures...

D. Tech. Marketing, Logistics and Sport Management / Difficulties in implementing and promoting school sport programmes using the sport policy guidelines in South Africa (White Paper), and interviews with employees at the Department of Basic Education in the Tshwaga region, motivated the researcher to undertake this study. The importance of motivating children to participate in sport, and the need to provide a platform and resources for children, teachers and parents to be involved in school sport were discussed. This study explored and described those factors that influence the level of participation of children in sports at both primary and secondary township schools in the City of Tshwane. The aim of the study was to develop a framework for learners' participation in sport at public township schools.

Modern research being conducted on Mental Toughness is now shifting away from efforts aimed at developing definitions for the construct and instead moving toward efforts at understanding its development. This particular research study focuses on the development and implementation of a Mental Toughness programme designed specifically for, and tailored exclusively to, the needs of schoolboy cricket at Kingswood College in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. The programme development was an intricate process and the research procedure was guided by the Organisational Development Process model. Data from a focus group as well as various individual interviews were integrated with currently existing Mental Toughness literature and theory to devise this particular Mental Toughness programme. The programme entails educating the athletes on six specific mental skills and incorporates elements of practical application as well as awareness of the importance and influence of Mental Toughness and mental training in a sporting sphere. The programme took the form of mental skills workshops held over a three week period. An analysis was conducted post-programme to document the experience of the athletes as a result of exposure to the programme. Results drawn from the array of analysis procedures were used to help identify the level of success of the Mental Toughness intervention as well as help validify current Mental Toughness models. In addition to highlighting the benefits as a result of the programme experience, various recommendations were drawn in order to shed light on the programme limitations and assist future researchers with understanding the intricacies behind better and more efficient programme implementation.

This study theoretically presupposes that the individual is an integral entity, therefore, education should take place according to the harmonious development of all the facets of a child's being. Even in antiquity, physical education and sport were seen to be important for a balanced education. Every society implements physical education and sport according to own needs and requirements, according certain values to sport, which values are reviewed in this study. A literature study corroborates that the intellectual, physical and social development of the child undoubtedly forms part of the total environment of the educative process. Exclusion of any facet could cause an imbalance in the development of the child. Incorporation of physical education and sport in the post-apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa forms the later part of the investigation. Various factors in South Africa have an influence on the role and place of physical education and sport within the curriculum. Government involvement in sport can determine the place of sport in society and in the curriculum. The readmittance of South Africa into international participation and changes in the political policy also play a role. These factors pose the challenge and facilitate the possibility to reinstate physical education and sport at schools. The structure of South African sport is undergoing a total change and the role players in the sports fraternity are now faced with numerous challenges and opportunities. Reinstating physical education and sport in the school curriculum serves a vital role in the reconstruction and development of a healthy and well-balanced society. Furthermore, reinstatement could reverse the consequences of social and economic injustices. Research undertaken in Australia, also provides some answers to problems for the South African situation. It proposes new initiatives that could be of help to the relevant role players in the planning of physical education and school sport in the post­ apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)