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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

La dette écologique en droit international public / The ecological debt in public international law

Candiago, Noémie 25 September 2017 (has links)
La dette écologique est un discours politique qui s'est développé au début des années 90 pour lutter contre le fardeau des dettes financières qui grevait les budgets des États en développement. États et société civile se sont alors appropriés les acquis théoriques et pratiques des sciences économiques et sociales pour contester un ordre du monde inégalitaire et conduisant à la dégradation continue de l'environnement, caractéristique d'un "échange écologiquement inégal". Mais dans la bouche des différents acteurs, la dette écologique a pris des sens différents, si bien que l'on peut dissocier quatre discours de la dette écologique. À chacun de ces discours correspondent un ou plusieurs outils juridiques, outils qui, après analyse, s'avèrent souvent inaptes à valider les prétentions des partisans de la dette écologique. Il apparaît que seule la version communautaire de la dette écologique offre un cadre d'analyse qui soit efficient sans être contre-productif. L'analyse spécifiquement dédiée au régime climatique en droit international confirme ce résultat puisque les normes allant dans le sens d'un accroissement des capacités des populations locales semblent plus à même de réduire la dette climatique. / The ecological debt is a concept which was developed at the beginning of the 90s in order to fight against the burden of financial debts which crippled the budgets of developing States. States and the civil society used the theoretical and practical knowledge developed by researchers in social and economic sciences to criticize an unequal worldorder, leading to continuous environmental degradation and as such, a characteristic of an unequal ecological exchange. For the different actors, the concept of ecological debt took on various meanings so that we can now dissociate four different discourses. For each discourse, we have identified one or more legal mechanism, but most of them often turn out to be unfit to meet the claims of ecological debt advocates. It appears that only the community version of ecological debt is efficient without being counter-productive. Our analysis of the climate regime in international law confirms this result since norms that empower local communities seem more efficient to reduce climate debt.
2

La souveraineté et la réalisation de la responsabilité internationale des Etats en droit international public / The sovereignty and the realization of the international responsibility of the states in the international public law

Zhekeyeva, Aiman 27 February 2009 (has links)
Etant membre de la communauté internationale, l'Etat ne peut pas être irresponsable pour ses actions. De même la spécificité principale de la responsabilité internationale est liée aux particularités du droit international et de ses sujets principaux- Etats souverains. La compréhension du mécanisme de la mise en œuvre de la responsabilité internationale des Etats et de son rapport avec la souveraineté montre la validité et l'efficacité du droit international. La réalisation de la responsabilité en tant que processus est examinée en thèse en tenant compte des différents critères : comme la réalisation des éléments de la responsabilité (application de mesures de contrainte), le processus de l’attribution de la responsabilité (le procès de l’attribution à l'Etat des faits des autres sujets du droit international) et la réalisation des phases de la responsabilité (les questions liées à la procédure judiciaire et à l’exécution des décisions internationales).La corrélation de ces deux notions est conçu en thèse sous deux aspects: à savoir, si l'Etat souverain peut en se couvrant sous la souveraineté tenter d'éviter la responsabilité et quels sont les mécanismes pour l’en empêcher et à contrario, comment la réalisation de la responsabilité peut toucher ou même violer la souveraineté des Etats. / Being a member of the international society, the State can not be irresponsible for its actions. At the same time the peculiarity of international responsibility is joined to the peculiarities of the international law and its subjects-sovereign states.The understanding of the mechanism of application of State’s international responsibility and its relation with sovereignty shows the validity and the efficiency of the international law.The realization of the responsibility is regarded in this research as a process taking into account different criterions: as the realization of elements of responsibility (application of coercive measures), as a process of attribution of responsibility (a process of attribution to a State the acts of other subjects of the international law) and as a realization of phases of the responsibility (questions related to the court procedures and to the execution of the international awards).This research considers the correlation of these two legal concepts in two aspects: on the one hand, if the Sovereign state by using the principle of sovereignty can escape the responsibility and what are the mechanisms to prevent it, and, on the other hand, how the realization of responsibility could touch or even violate the sovereignty of the states.
3

[pt] DE NUREMBERG A SAN JOSÉ: OS CRIMES CONTRA A HUMANIDADE E A RESPONSABILIDADE INTERNACIONAL DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS / [en] FROM NUREMBERG TO SAN JOSÉ: THE CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BRAZILIAN STATE BEFORE THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM

AMANDA CATALDO DE S T DOS SANTOS 03 January 2022 (has links)
[pt] A tese objetiva examinar a responsabilidade internacional do Estado brasileiro pelos crimes perpetrados por agentes estatais, no contexto do regime militar (1964-1985), a partir da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH). A análise considerará os precedentes normativos e jurisdicionais que embasaram as condenações do Estado brasileiro nos casos Julia Gomes Lund e outros vs. Brasil (2010) e Vladimir Herzog e outros vs. Brasil (2018). Em um primeiro momento, vislumbra-se apresentar o cenário de emergência das normativas internacionais relacionadas à responsabilidade penal dos indivíduos e à responsabilidade dos Estados. Uma vez apresentado o panorama normativo global, será elencado o case law da Corte IDH referente às graves violações de direitos humanos perpetradas, de modo sistemático e massivo, por meio dos aparatos burocráticos de poder estatais. Conforme será aventado, apenas em casos específicos, a Corte IDH utiliza conceitos atinentes ao direito penal internacional como base interpretativa das obrigações consubstanciadas na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, construindo um verdadeiro diálogo entre esse ramo do direito e a normativa dos direitos humanos. Finalmente, a pesquisa se concentrará nos supracitados julgados, separados por quase uma década, mas que possuem em comum o contexto no qual os fatos dos casos ocorreram. Destacadamente, o caso Herzog traz em seu bojo a qualificação dos crimes contra a humanidade – um passo significativo, em relação ao caso Gomes Lund, para ativistas e operadores do direito no âmbito doméstico. Sob esse viés, o presente trabalho pretende investigar em que medida o enquadramento dos crimes contra a humanidade possui o condão de fortalecer as iniciativas em prol da responsabilidade criminal dos agentes do regime ditatorial e de ensejar a contestação de estruturas e práticas repressivas ainda vigentes.A tese objetiva examinar a responsabilidade internacional do Estado brasileiro pelos crimes perpetrados por agentes estatais, no contexto do regime militar (1964-1985), a partir da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH). A análise considerará os precedentes normativos e jurisdicionais que embasaram as condenações do Estado brasileiro nos casos Julia Gomes Lund e outros vs. Brasil (2010) e Vladimir Herzog e outros vs. Brasil (2018). Em um primeiro momento, vislumbra-se apresentar o cenário de emergência das normativas internacionais relacionadas à responsabilidade penal dos indivíduos e à responsabilidade dos Estados. Uma vez apresentado o panorama normativo global, será elencado o case law da Corte IDH referente às graves violações de direitos humanos perpetradas, de modo sistemático e massivo, por meio dos aparatos burocráticos de poder estatais. Conforme será aventado, apenas em casos específicos, a Corte IDH utiliza conceitos atinentes ao direito penal internacional como base interpretativa das obrigações consubstanciadas na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, construindo um verdadeiro diálogo entre esse ramo do direito e a normativa dos direitos humanos. Finalmente, a pesquisa se concentrará nos supracitados julgados, separados por quase uma década, mas que possuem em comum o contexto no qual os fatos dos casos ocorreram. Destacadamente, o caso Herzog traz em seu bojo a qualificação dos crimes contra a humanidade – um passo significativo, em relação ao caso Gomes Lund, para ativistas e operadores do direito no âmbito doméstico. Sob esse viés, o presente trabalho pretende investigar em que medida o enquadramento dos crimes contra a humanidade possui o condão de fortalecer as iniciativas em prol da responsabilidade criminal dos agentes do regime ditatorial e de ensejar a contestação de estruturas e práticas repressivas ainda vigentes. / [en] The thesis aims to analyze the international responsibility of the Brazilian State for crimes perpetrated by State agents, in the context of the military regime (1964-1985), based on the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACourtHR). The analysis will consider the normative and jurisdictional cases that served as precedents to the Brazilian State s convictions in the cases Julia Gomes Lund et al. vs. Brazil (2010) and Vladimir Herzog et al. vs. Brazil (2018). Initially, will be presented the emergency scenario of international regulations related to the criminal responsibility of individuals and the responsibility of States. Once the global normative panorama is presented, will be introduced the case law of the Inter-American Court regarding the serious violations of human rights perpetrated, in a systematic and massive way, through the bureaucratic apparatus of State power. As will be explained, only in specific cases, the Inter-American Court uses concepts of international criminal law as an interpretive basis for the obligations embodied in the American Convention of Human Rights, building a dialogue between this area of Law and the human rights normative. Finally, the research will focus on the aforementioned judgments, separated by almost a decade, but which share the context in which the facts of the cases occurred. Notably, the Herzog s case considers the qualification of crimes against humanity – a significant step, in relation to the Gomes Lund s case, for activists and legal practitioners in the domestic sphere. Under this bias, the present work intends to investigate to what extent the framing of crimes against humanity has the power to strengthen initiatives in favor of the criminal responsibility of the agents of the dictatorial regime and the contestation of repressive structures and practices still valid.

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