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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpreting services in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA). The impetus to embark on such an investigation arose after Members of Parliament claimed that the interpreting service in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA) is poor. In seeking to determine why Members of Parliament made such claims, I therefore investigated the interpreting service rendered by staff of Parliament’s Interpreting Unit. Consequently, an investigation to whether the simultaneous interpreters currently employed by Parliament of South Africa possess the amalgam of skills attributes and qualifications necessary for them to render an interpreting service of good quality. Questionnaires were distributed to Members of Parliament and to interpreters, interviews were conducted with Control Language Practitioners (CLPs), observation of recruitment panels for interpreters also followed, and interpreters were recorded during the sitting of Parliament House in an attempt to check whether interpreters do deliver an interpreting service that is up to standard. The results of this study show that Members of Parliament have a valid claim as 65% of the sample of interpreters had joined Parliament without interpreting skills and had, to date, never been sent for interpreting training and most interpreters are demoralised by the working conditions of the Language Services Section at the Parliament of South Africa.

Presently in South Africa there are no home-grown models of interpreting developed for court interpreters to serve as a guide in the performance of their duty. As such, it was assumed that court interpreters depended on international models to guide them in their work. International models, though they speak to the profession of interpreting in general, lack the specificity that is required to speak to the South African context, leading to problems during the process of interpreting. In the light of this background, this study aimed to: investigate how international models were formulated, by whom and why; establish how South African court interpreters perceive the phenomenon of interpreting and the challenges they encounter in the field; examine how the international models of interpreting function in the South African context and their impact in the courts of law; and formulate an interpreting model that is informed by South African languages, cultures and court experiences. Two theoretical frameworks guided this study: Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) and Cultural Studies. The former was used to describe what transpires in the South African court system with regard to interpreting, while cultural studies theory was used to explore cultural issues in this field. In order to fulfil the aims of the study, the qualitative research method was adopted to collect and analyse data. Data was collected from practising court interpreters using four methods: focus groups, questionnaires, courtroom observations and interviews. The selected methods were used to collect data so that a balanced and integrated view of interpreting could be sought for the purposes of developing a representative model. The findings of the study showed that there is a fairly balanced representation of men and women working as court interpreters, yet more than three quarters of these are not trained in languages and in court interpreting. This points to an urgent need to train court interpreters so that they may carry out their duties effectively. In defining a court interpreter, diverse definitions were provided; these included facilitator of communication, language facilitator, conveyor of messages, helper in the courts, and mediator among others. Most of these definitions were in line with international models but the definitions were born out of experience and not training because, when asked directly what interpreting models are, almost none of the participants could define a model and gave examples of modes of interpreting in place of models per se. Because models of interpreting serve as a guide for the court interpreters, a lack of knowledge thereof shows that South African court interpreters work without guidance, emphasising the need to develop a local model that addresses the needs of the country. In defining court interpreting, diverse definitions were also provided; the most interesting was the perception of court interpreting as a communication process that involves listening, analysing, taking down notes, remembering, and presenting the message to the target listener. Although not many held this view, this definition showed that through experience and practice, court interpreters gain useful knowledge about their trade; thus, experience cannot be downplayed in the field. With regard to the roles and duties of court interpreters, it was noted that they perform different duties which are in conflict with their job title. Beyond the fact that this proves that there is controversy over the duties of court interpreters, the findings show that court interpreters are not treated as the professionals that they are. In line with the findings, the researcher developed a socio-linguistic-cultural model that put emphasis on training of court interpreters, language, culture and subject knowledge. The method of trial and error that is currently prevailing in South Africa was strongly condemned in the study. The study recommended that court interpreters be trained, the DoJCD should recruit qualified interpreters, legislation on court interpreting should be developed as well as setting up a court interpreting professional body to which all court interpreters must subscribe and be members, among others. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil.(Languages, Linguistics and Literature)

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

This study seeks to find what problems and process of interpreting are experienced by professional interpreters in the criminal justice system in South Africa. This study commences with an outlook of the origins and development of types of interpretation and then proceeds with critical review of scholarly literature dealing with interpretation in multilingual courtroom. This study explores the flawed language policy and its impracticality for the Eastern Cape courtrooms. This study undertakes a critical analysis of the current legislation (Bills & Acts).This study explores the extent to which the court automatic review proceedings act as a gatekeeper in ensuring against prejudice that can result in the non-use and use of indigenous languages in the trial courtroom within the Eastern Cape jurisdiction. Furthermore this study focuses on cases taken for review based on mis-understanding, mis-communication and wrongful interpretation that result in irregularities that appear on court records. This study also investigates the primary barriers for the use of African languages as languages of record in the courtroom. An eclectic sociolinguistic approach which encompasses the ethnography of speaking, and discourse analysis (observation in the courtroom) is used as a methodology in this study. Furthermore, the analysis of case-law forms part of the methodology alongside court observation.This study saw court actors from different spheres of the legal profession give their personal views and encounters with regards the art and the state of court interpreting in the province of the Eastern Cape.This state of affairs may have disastrous and far-reaching effects in that incorrect and/or imperfect translation may relate to the very facts that are crucial for the determination of the case. At the end recommendations are given on how to remedy the current state of affairs.

Orientador: Viviane Veras / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T15:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_OliviaA.Niemeyerdos_D.pdf: 687335 bytes, checksum: 884b61b6adcec53dc66b7f339288dea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Minha tese pretende considerar a experiência da tradução de La Vérité en peinture (Jacques Derrida, 1978), em seus vários aspectos, e reconhecer, na singularidade desse ato tradutório, algumas das questões e pressupostos que percorrerem o pensamento ocidental: a oposição fora/dentro; a possibilidade/impossibilidade do encontro com o outro; o mito da origem e a restituição como apropriação. A metáfora biológica da autoimunidade, utilizada por Jacques Derrida em seus últimos textos (e articulada, por ele, à religião, à ciência e à democracia), é o ponto de partida para essa reflexão: nosso corpo possui um sistema imunológico que evita que algo de "fora" - que o estranho ou o estrangeiro (um vírus ou bactéria, por exemplo) -, uma vez "dentro" dos limites do corpo, o destrua. No entanto, em algumas ocasiões, entra em funcionamento outro sistema, autoimunológico, que ataca ou enfraquece esse mesmo sistema imunológico, permitindo que o de "fora" invada os limites do "dentro". Mas essa invasão não é sempre ou não é somente uma ameaça, um perigo. É também o que permite, por exemplo, a aceitação de um enxerto ou de um órgão retirado de outra pessoa. Permite que algo de "fora" salve o paciente. Possibilita, portanto, uma sobrevida. Sobrevida do corpo e, utilizando o conceito de autoimunidade de forma mais ampla, sobrevida da democracia, da ciência (a mudança de paradigma) ou do texto original (o comentário, a interpretação, a tradução). Procuro articular os quatros capítulos de A verdade em pintura com os quatro capítulos da tese: no primeiro, para reconhecer a complexa relação entre original e tradução a partir da lógica do parergon, considerando que a tradução trabalha sempre com o que está dentro das fronteiras do original; no segundo, para refletir sobre o ponto limite, a experiência daquilo que permanece irredutivelmente idiomático, mas que, mesmo assim, deve se entregar a uma decisão de tradução; no terceiro, para avaliar a posição do original como paradigma, suspeitando da possibilidade de uma origem absoluta ou modelo primeiro; no quarto e último capítulo, para examinar a questão do par e o desejo da tradutora de restituir "a verdade do original", levando em conta a afirmação de Derrida: "toda restituição constitui uma apropriação" / Abstract: My thesis takes into consideration the experience of translating La vérité en peinture (Jacques Derrida, 1978) in its various aspects, and in the singularity of this translation process recognises some of the questions and presuppositions which pervade Western thought: the outside/inside oppositions; the possibility/impossibility of an encounter with the fellow man; the myths of origin and restitution as appropriation. The biological metaphor of autoimmunity used by Jacques Derrida in his last texts (and blended by him, with religion, science and democracy) is the starting point for this reflection: our body has an immunologic system that is prevented from destruction by something from "outside" - something alien or foreign such as, for example, a virus or a bacterium - which may get "inside" the limits of the body. Nevertheless, on some occasions, another system - an autoimmunologic one - is activated, and it attacks or weakens this very immunologic system, allowing the "outside" to invade the limits of the "inside". Not always, or not only, though, is this invasion a threat, a danger. This is also what allows, for example, the acceptance of a grafting or an organ taken from another person. It allows something from the "outside" to save the patient. Therefore, it enables a survival - survival of the body - and, by using the concept of autoimmunity in a wider sense, survival of democracy, of science (a change in the paradigm) or of the original text (the commentary, the interpretation, the translation). I try to link the four chapters of A verdade em pintura with the four chapters of my thesis: in the first chapter, the aim is to recognise the complex relation between the original and the translation from the logical perspective of the parergon, considering that translation always deals with what is inside the frontiers of the original; in the second chapter, I reflect on the borderline, on the experience of that which remains irreducibly idiomatic, but even so should surrender to a translation decision; in the third chapter, my goal is to assess the place of the original as a paradigm, suspecting the possibility of an absolute origin or primary model; in the fourth and last chapter, I examine the original/translation dyad and the translator's wish to restitute the "truth of the original", bearing in mind Derrida's statement that "every restitution is an appropriation" / Doutorado / Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Eric Mitchell Sabinson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_Vinicius_M.pdf: 830422 bytes, checksum: 184da193dee6256dc981c95090399492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação foi estudar a obra do poeta Philip Levine (1928- ). A partir de uma caracterização da poesia de Levine, que é tido como um dos mais importantes poetas em atividade nos E.U.A., foi estabelecida uma antologia traduzida e comentada de seus poemas. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, buscou-se apontar os rumos que a poesia norte-americana tomou a partir de 1945. Em seguida, com o auxílio da leitura da crítica especializada, foi elaborada uma discussão do lugar que a obra de Levine ocupa na poesia norte-americana do pós-guerra, com o intuito de caracterizar e estabelecer um corpus representativo de sua produção poética, a partir de seus três primeiros livros que foram publicados entre 1963 e 1974 / Abstract: The goal of this thesis was to study the work of poet Philip Levine (1928- ). From a characterization of Levine?s poetry, who is regarded as one of the most important poets in activity in the U.S., a translated and annotated anthology of his poems was established. The direction that American poetry has taken since 1945 is described. After presenting a reading of the relevant criticism, we discuss Levine's place in postwar American poetry in order to characterize and establish a representative corpus of his poetry from his first three books, which were published between 1963 and 1974 / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mentre em Teoria e História Literária

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Technology: Language Practice, Department of Media, Language and Communication, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / IsiZulu is a previously marginalized language and is spoken by 78% of people in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa.info 2012). Signed language on the other hand, is not an official language in South Africa, although it is recognised despite the profession having undergone major transformation since democracy. This study hypothesizes that isiZulu and South African Sign Language interpreters both face challenges when given interpreting assignments. This study aims to create an awareness of the needs of the isiZulu speakers and deaf people when seeking judicial assistance and also to contribute towards the provision of quality interpreting services in some of the courts in KwaZulu-Natal. With this study it is hoped to assist the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development to be able to see where they can still improve on their system. This study was conducted only in four courts, therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to be the same in all the courts in South Africa. IsiZulu kusewulimi obelucindezelwe, kanti lusetshenziswa abantu abangamaphesenti angama-78 KwaZulu-Natali (SouthAfrica.info 2012). Ulimi lwezandla ngakolunye uhlangothi, akulona ulimi olusemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika nangale koshintsho oluningi olwenziwe kusukela kwaqala intando yabantu. Lolu cwaningo lucabangela ukuthi otolika besiZulu kanye naboLimi Lwezandla babhekana nezingqinamba uma benikwe umsebenzi wokutolika. Lolu cwaningo Iuhlose ukwazisa ngezidingo zabantu abakhuluma isiZulu kanye nabangezwa uma bedinga usizo lwezomthetho kanye nokuxhasa ekunikezeleni ukutolika okusezingeni elifanele kwezinye zezinkantolo KwaZulu-Natali. Ngalolu cwaningo kuthenjwa ukuthi luzosiza uMnyango Wobulungiswa kanye nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo ukuba ubone ukuthi yikuphi la okungalungiswa khona inqubo yokwenza yawo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezinkantolo ezine kuphela, ngakho-ke okutholakele ngeke kuze kuthathwe ngokuthi kuyafana ezinkantolo zonke zaseNingizimu Afrika. / M

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / English / Master / Master of Philosophy

This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.