Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1974. / Typescript.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; vii, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 29 p. : ill., col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15-22).

Chapter I The ontogeny of sex development is introduced and a definition of the intersexual state is given. A resume of intersexes recorded in South Africa is presented together with figures showing the increased demand for cytogenetic services in the country. The motivation for this study is discussed. Chapter II The biological concept of sex is outlined together with notes on the evolution of the dioecious state in animals. Thereafter a brief account of the normal and abnormal intersex states in invertebrates and vertebrates is given. Chapter III Examples of some of the abundant references to ambisexual individuals found in the classical literature, history and mythology are listed and the status of intersexes in modern society is discussed: it does not vary much from the times of ancient Greece and Rome. Chapter IV A summary of the events which led to the establishment of cytogenetics as an independent discipline is given. The discovery of nuclear sex dimorphism is noted and methods of investigation of intersexual patients are described. A detailed description is given of cytogenetic technical. "methods, ; and leads to a diagrammatic explanation of the differential diagnosis of intersexes. This is used as a basis for the classification and accordingly a simplified, unambiguous system is proposed and defended. The sources and numbers of pat~ ients recorded in this thesis are explained. Chapter V The sex chromatin is described in detail? with a description of the methods used for its demonstration and evaluation. A pilot study of normal women of the four races established that there is no inter-racial variation in chromatin frequency. Reasons are given for disregarding nuclear appendages as an accurate indication of 'sex '. Chapter VI Embryological stage s i n the development of the human urogenital tracts are recounted after considering the mechanisms of sex determination. Pathogenesis of intersexuality is considered briefly. Chapter VII Gonadal dysgenesis of the female, including Turner's syndrome and phenotypes of both male and female are presented. The classification, pathology, aetiological and cytogenetic factors are described. Illustrative case reports and extensive discussion of the syndrome are presented. Chapter VIII The Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males with supernumerary X chromosomes; a number of chromatin negative, hypogonadal conditions mimic the syndrome: they are described, with notes on the classification, pathology, aetiology and the cytogenetic features. A series of case reports demonstrate both chromatin positive and negative types. Special reference is made to the dermatoglyphic profiles which were discovered to differentiate the XY males into two groups. Chapter IX Three syndromes, the XXX, XYY and agonadism, were not encountered in this study and are consequently not discussed. Chapter X The adrenogenital syndrome has several distinctive signs which are mimicked by induced virilization; these are described and a number of case reports are presented to illustrate the syndromes. Chapter XI Male intersexes occur in several different forms: the classification of the group is explained and a distinction is made between intersexes and those with simple, or 'pseudo-intersexual', defects. The signs of the different syndromes are detailed, together with data concerning the aetiology and cytogenetics. A series of patients' case histories is used to illustrate the various syndromes. Chapter XII Idiopathic female intersexuality is defined and a short explanation of the classification is given. The signs found in this syndrome are detailed and a single case report, which is of exceptional interest because of severe masculinization and the formation of a phallic urethra, is presented. Chapter XIII Hermaphroditism is defined and the subgroups are explained. The variability of signs is discussed and details of anatomy and histology of the genital tract are given . A single hermaphrodite was encountered during the survey and the case is described. Three other patients, all infants, were suspected of being hermaphroditic but because gonadal biopsy was not undertaken they were discharged from hospital without a diagnosis having been made. Discussion of the aetiological mechanisms is presented and the need for early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized. Chapter XIV Some of the simple genital anomalies and somatic defects which resemble intersex are mentioned and are illustrated by attenuated case reports. Chapter XV The incidence of those intersexual conditions recognizable at birth by anatomical deformity is calculated from a total population of 21,000 live births recorded during the calendar year, 1969. The incidence was very low (1:7000) and does not permit analysis of inter-racial distribution. Prevalence is calculated from the number of new patients seen by the author during 1969 in Durban. Some interesting observations were made but the primary objective, to determine whether or not intersexuality is more prevalent in the Bantu than any other race, could not be answered with certainty because of the small number of patients. Hermaphroditism was shown not to be the most common type of intersex syndrome in the Bantu. Chapter XVI An outline is given of the normal dermatoglyphic features of the finger prints and palms. Some references of the patterns in Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes are available from the literature and are compared with the profiles of patients from this series. A distinct dimorphism was found in chromatin negative hypogonadal males and was thought to distinguish between those with congenital or acquired pathology. Normal values for South Africans have not been established satisfactorily and the urgent need for this information is stressed. Chapter XVII A general discussion of the highlights of this study of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and cytogenetics of intersexuality is given and a number of conclusions are drawn . / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1970.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santanna_bs_dr_rcla.pdf: 1220451 bytes, checksum: 128147c372ab63a9112c55e0cc7fff0e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A causa da intersexualidade em ermitões ainda é desconhecida. No presente estudo foi avaliada a relação entre a intersexualidade em ermitões e o poluente disruptor endócrino tributilestanho (TBT), como registrado para gastrópodes. A contaminação em populações naturais do ermitão Clibanarius vittatus também foi investigada. Compostos butílicos (Bts) foram determinados em tecidos de ermitões e sedimentos usando cromatografia gasosa e análises morfológicas foram desenvolvidas por histologia e microscopia eletrônica, em amostras provenientes da natureza e de experimentos controlados. A avaliação do ambiente mostrou que localidades com e sem atividades portuárias estão contaminadas com elevadas concentrações de Bts, mesmo após o banimento do TBT. Estes dados indicam que Bts continuam sendo liberados no ambiente ou que estes compostos estão acumulados em diferentes compartimentos do ambiente. O registro de ermitões contaminados por Bts em muitos locais onde não foram detectados no sedimento sugere que ermitões são melhores indicadores de Bts do que sedimentos, porque não representam apenas a contaminação pontual. Além disso, os experimentos revelaram que a principal forma de assimilação do TBT por C. vittatus é proveniente da alimentação. Em adição, a rápida depuração do TBT, o hábito de vida em regiões estuarinas, tamanho relativamente grande, longo ciclo de vida e sua baixa mobilidade faz dessa espécie e de ermitões estuarinos em geral bons candidatos a indicadores de contaminação recente de TBT. As análises morfológicas mostraram que indivíduos intersexo apresentaram gônadas funcionais de macho e fêmea no mesmo indivíduo. Estes dados confirmam que ermitões intersexo podem reproduzir como machos ou fêmeas suportando a hipótese de que eles podem ser parte de um processo hermafrodita verdadeiro. A hipótese de que o TBT está relacionado... / The causes of intersexuality in hermit crabs are still unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between intersexuality and endocrine disruption caused by tributyltin (TBT) pollution, as previously reported for gastropods. In addition, it was also investigated the TBT contamination in natural populations of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. Butiltins (Bts) in hermit crabs tissues and sediments were analysed by gas chromatography and the morphological analysis was carried out by histology and scanning electron microscopy using samples from both nature and controlled experiments. The evaluation of contamination in nature showed that localities with and without harbor activities are contaminated by high concentrations of Bts, even though the ban regulamentation of TBT. These data indicate that Bts compounds are still being released in the environment or they are accumulated in different environmental compartments. The record of contaminated hermit crabs by BTs in many places where contaminated sediments by BTs was not detected suggest that hermit crabs are better indicators of BTs than sediments, because of their contamination was not only represented punctually. Furthermore, the controlled experiments in laboratory showed that, the main TBT uptake pathway for C. vittatus is from food. In addition, the fast depuration of TBT, estuarine habitat, relatively large body sizes, long life spans, and relatively low mobility make this species and estuarine hermit crabs in general very good candidates as indicators of recent or recycled TBT contamination. The morphological analyses showed that the intersex individuals developed functional male and female gonads in the same individual. These data confirmed that intersex hermit crabs can reproduce as males or females supporting the hypothesis that they may be part of a true sequential hermaphroditic process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre o protocolo médico dispensado à intersexualidade. Os nascimentos de bebês intersex vêm sendo entendidos como urgências biológicas e sociais, naturalizando-se uma necessidade cirúrgica durante a infância. As operações pretendem fixar anatomicamente o padrão masculino ou feminino hegemônico para que não haja equívocos na atribuição de sexo/gênero. No entanto, este tipo de solução não é consensual fora do campo biomédico e em diferentes esferas sociais, acadêmicas, ativistas e operadores da justiça, levantam-se questões no que concerne às normalizações em genitálias de crianças e adolescentes intersexuais. Partindo das divergências a respeito dos procedimentos precoces, esta pesquisa pretendeu compreender os argumentos, biológicos e sociais, acionados para sustentar a prática cirúrgica normalizadora de genitais considerados fora do padrão standart masculino ou feminino. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas com nove profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência a pessoas intersexuais e suas famílias na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como estratégia complementar, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura especializada brasileira acerca de estudos longitudinais sobre os resultados cirúrgicos. A partir deste material, buscou-se refletir sobre as concepções de gênero e sexualidade que orientam o tratamento e sobre como tais concepções se articulam às definições de saúde oferecidas por esses profissionais para justificar os procedimentos corretivos. A análise permitiu refletir acerca da prática médica local, demonstrando que a atenção oferecida a estas pessoas se articula a uma vulnerabilidade social a partir de outros marcadores (classe, origem regional). Além disso, a promessa de restauração da normalidade via intervenção cirúrgica não se reflete nos estudos longitudinais que, além de escassos, trazem indicadores inconsistentes e imprecisos. / This thesis meditates upon the medical care and surgical intervention in intersexual patients. The birth of intersex children is treated as a biological and social urgency and, as a consequence, surgical correction has been the forefront response to such cases. These types of interventions intend to fix anatomical anomalies in order to make an unequivocal correspondence between sex and gender. In this sense, surgical intervention thrives to achieve the hegemonic pattern of male and female sex assignment. However, this kind of solution is not consensual outside the biomedical field and numerous social groups, scientists, activists and justice operators rise up to question the normalization of genitals in intersexual adolescents and children. Taking into account those differences of opinions, this research focused on the arguments, be they biological or sociological, used to sustain the medical practice of surgical reparation of genitals considered to deviate from the male and female pattern. Nine health professionals that provide care to intersexual patients and their families in the city of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. As another complementary strategy, the specialized literature up to date was assessed, particularly longitudinal studies regarding the consequences of surgical intervention. Henceforth, we analyze how the conceptions of gender and sexuality impact treatment of intersexual patients and how these same conceptions articulate with notions of health and care to justify corrective surgery. This approach to the medical practice also allowed us to perceive the way that medical care interacts with social vulnerabilities and other types of social markers, such as class and regional upbringing. Furthermore, the promise of restoring normality via surgical intervention is not reflected in the longitudinal studies which, by itself, are already scarce and also have inconsistent and imprecise indicators.

Resumo: A causa da intersexualidade em ermitões ainda é desconhecida. No presente estudo foi avaliada a relação entre a intersexualidade em ermitões e o poluente disruptor endócrino tributilestanho (TBT), como registrado para gastrópodes. A contaminação em populações naturais do ermitão Clibanarius vittatus também foi investigada. Compostos butílicos (Bts) foram determinados em tecidos de ermitões e sedimentos usando cromatografia gasosa e análises morfológicas foram desenvolvidas por histologia e microscopia eletrônica, em amostras provenientes da natureza e de experimentos controlados. A avaliação do ambiente mostrou que localidades com e sem atividades portuárias estão contaminadas com elevadas concentrações de Bts, mesmo após o banimento do TBT. Estes dados indicam que Bts continuam sendo liberados no ambiente ou que estes compostos estão acumulados em diferentes compartimentos do ambiente. O registro de ermitões contaminados por Bts em muitos locais onde não foram detectados no sedimento sugere que ermitões são melhores indicadores de Bts do que sedimentos, porque não representam apenas a contaminação pontual. Além disso, os experimentos revelaram que a principal forma de assimilação do TBT por C. vittatus é proveniente da alimentação. Em adição, a rápida depuração do TBT, o hábito de vida em regiões estuarinas, tamanho relativamente grande, longo ciclo de vida e sua baixa mobilidade faz dessa espécie e de ermitões estuarinos em geral bons candidatos a indicadores de contaminação recente de TBT. As análises morfológicas mostraram que indivíduos intersexo apresentaram gônadas funcionais de macho e fêmea no mesmo indivíduo. Estes dados confirmam que ermitões intersexo podem reproduzir como machos ou fêmeas suportando a hipótese de que eles podem ser parte de um processo hermafrodita verdadeiro. A hipótese de que o TBT está relacionado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The causes of intersexuality in hermit crabs are still unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between intersexuality and endocrine disruption caused by tributyltin (TBT) pollution, as previously reported for gastropods. In addition, it was also investigated the TBT contamination in natural populations of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. Butiltins (Bts) in hermit crabs tissues and sediments were analysed by gas chromatography and the morphological analysis was carried out by histology and scanning electron microscopy using samples from both nature and controlled experiments. The evaluation of contamination in nature showed that localities with and without harbor activities are contaminated by high concentrations of Bts, even though the ban regulamentation of TBT. These data indicate that Bts compounds are still being released in the environment or they are accumulated in different environmental compartments. The record of contaminated hermit crabs by BTs in many places where contaminated sediments by BTs was not detected suggest that hermit crabs are better indicators of BTs than sediments, because of their contamination was not only represented punctually. Furthermore, the controlled experiments in laboratory showed that, the main TBT uptake pathway for C. vittatus is from food. In addition, the fast depuration of TBT, estuarine habitat, relatively large body sizes, long life spans, and relatively low mobility make this species and estuarine hermit crabs in general very good candidates as indicators of recent or recycled TBT contamination. The morphological analyses showed that the intersex individuals developed functional male and female gonads in the same individual. These data confirmed that intersex hermit crabs can reproduce as males or females supporting the hypothesis that they may be part of a true sequential hermaphroditic process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Fernando José Zara / Coorientador: Alexander Turra / Banca: Flávio Henrique Caetano / Banca: Marcos Antônio Fernandez / Banca: Acácio Ribeiro Gomes Tomás / Banca: Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo / Doutor

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre o protocolo médico dispensado à intersexualidade. Os nascimentos de bebês intersex vêm sendo entendidos como urgências biológicas e sociais, naturalizando-se uma necessidade cirúrgica durante a infância. As operações pretendem fixar anatomicamente o padrão masculino ou feminino hegemônico para que não haja equívocos na atribuição de sexo/gênero. No entanto, este tipo de solução não é consensual fora do campo biomédico e em diferentes esferas sociais, acadêmicas, ativistas e operadores da justiça, levantam-se questões no que concerne às normalizações em genitálias de crianças e adolescentes intersexuais. Partindo das divergências a respeito dos procedimentos precoces, esta pesquisa pretendeu compreender os argumentos, biológicos e sociais, acionados para sustentar a prática cirúrgica normalizadora de genitais considerados fora do padrão standart masculino ou feminino. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas com nove profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência a pessoas intersexuais e suas famílias na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como estratégia complementar, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura especializada brasileira acerca de estudos longitudinais sobre os resultados cirúrgicos. A partir deste material, buscou-se refletir sobre as concepções de gênero e sexualidade que orientam o tratamento e sobre como tais concepções se articulam às definições de saúde oferecidas por esses profissionais para justificar os procedimentos corretivos. A análise permitiu refletir acerca da prática médica local, demonstrando que a atenção oferecida a estas pessoas se articula a uma vulnerabilidade social a partir de outros marcadores (classe, origem regional). Além disso, a promessa de restauração da normalidade via intervenção cirúrgica não se reflete nos estudos longitudinais que, além de escassos, trazem indicadores inconsistentes e imprecisos. / This thesis meditates upon the medical care and surgical intervention in intersexual patients. The birth of intersex children is treated as a biological and social urgency and, as a consequence, surgical correction has been the forefront response to such cases. These types of interventions intend to fix anatomical anomalies in order to make an unequivocal correspondence between sex and gender. In this sense, surgical intervention thrives to achieve the hegemonic pattern of male and female sex assignment. However, this kind of solution is not consensual outside the biomedical field and numerous social groups, scientists, activists and justice operators rise up to question the normalization of genitals in intersexual adolescents and children. Taking into account those differences of opinions, this research focused on the arguments, be they biological or sociological, used to sustain the medical practice of surgical reparation of genitals considered to deviate from the male and female pattern. Nine health professionals that provide care to intersexual patients and their families in the city of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. As another complementary strategy, the specialized literature up to date was assessed, particularly longitudinal studies regarding the consequences of surgical intervention. Henceforth, we analyze how the conceptions of gender and sexuality impact treatment of intersexual patients and how these same conceptions articulate with notions of health and care to justify corrective surgery. This approach to the medical practice also allowed us to perceive the way that medical care interacts with social vulnerabilities and other types of social markers, such as class and regional upbringing. Furthermore, the promise of restoring normality via surgical intervention is not reflected in the longitudinal studies which, by itself, are already scarce and also have inconsistent and imprecise indicators.

The thesis dedicates to discourses of intersexuality in the novel Middlesex written by the American author Jeffrey Eugenides. For the analysis, the method of queer reading was deployed, within the broader perspective of cultural studies. After introducing the context of the novel, and the theoretical framework, three analytical chapters follow which seek queer moments on the background of critical reviews of the novel. First chapter focuses on heteronormativity, performativity, and identity politics. Second chapter is interested in the confession genre and subject in confession. Third, and last chapter closes the analysis with finding moments of queer pleasure.

Mémoire (M.P.Aquat.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. / Bibliogr. : f. 75-83. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU