La binarité sexuée est une vérité qui semblait, jusqu’à aujourd’hui incontestée et incontestable. Si bien que, mises à part les désignations genrées présentes dans le Code civil, ce dernier n’a pas jugé utile de préciser que les sexes qui devaient être inscrits sur les actes de l’état civil, devaient être exclusivement féminin ou masculin. Cependant, en pratique, l’appartenance exclusive à l’un des deux sexes consacrés n’est pas une règle universelle.C’est ainsi que les états d’intersexuation sont venus ternir le tableau, en affirmant que le sexe n’était pas une entité unique mais un bloc de différentes composantes, objectives et subjective, qui ne sont pas nécessairement concordantes entre elles. D’une part, l’intersexuation physique, se caractérisant par une variation du développement génital (V.D.G.) s’analyse comme une non concordance des composantes objectives du sexe, c'est-à-dire, toutes celles qui dépendent d’un déterminisme biologique. D’autre part, l’intersexuation psychique, autrement appelée transsexualisme, ou dysphorie de genre, ne sous-entend qu’une discordance entre les composantes objectives et la composante subjective, le sexe psychosocial. En d’autres termes, la personne est biologiquement d’un sexe déterminé, mais elle se sent appartenir à l’autre sexe.Ces deux états ont vocation à remettre en cause la place du sexe dans les actes de l’état civil à deux niveaux. D’un côté, les personnes dites « intersexes » vont nous faire nous interroger sur la véritable valeur de l’état civil si ce dernier ne prend pas en compte la variation dans ses énonciations. Seulement, cette interrogation semble être contrée par certaines pratiques médicales, qui, sous la contrainte à la fois des parents et de la société binaire, assignent des jeunes intersexes dans les jours qui suivent la naissance, alors même qu’aucune nécessité médicale ne vient justifier cet acte. De l’autre côté, les personnes transsexuelles remettent en cause les fondements de l’état des personnes et notamment le principe de l’immutabilité.De plus, les certitudes sur le sexe en Droit sont bouleversées par le développement des droits fondamentaux issus d’une interprétation toujours plus large de l’article 8 de la C.E.D.H. Ainsi, découle du droit au respect de la vie privée, le droit à l’épanouissement personnel, qui lui-même a rendu possible l’émergence des droits relatifs à l’identité, dont l’identité de genre. Ils se divisent en deux entités avec d’une part, le droit à la construction de l’identité de genre et d’autre, le droit à sa reconnaissance.Toutes ces considérations ont fait muter la mission de l’état civil, qui ne remplit plus uniquement une mission identifiante et de police civile au bénéfice de l’État et de l’intérêt général, mais qui devient le lieu privilégié des revendications identitaires, au bénéfice des individus. Dès lors, le genre devient admis en Droit, d’autant plus que la C.E.D.H. se positionne en faveur du développement de cette seconde mission.Au regard de ces éléments, nous pouvons affirmer qu’une réforme de la mention du sexe à l’état civil est opportune, ne serait-ce que pour éviter les probables condamnations de la Cour européenne. Cette réforme devrait assurer le respect dû à la vie privée des personnes en état d’intersexuation tant en limitant les situations stigmatisantes dont elles pourraient être victimes. Elle pourrait par ailleurs, prendre deux formes selon qu’elle se placerait en faveur d’un abandon ou de la mise en place d’une nouvelle mention. Dans la première hypothèse, une neutralisation du sexe serait envisagée et pourrait prendre deux formes. La première s’analyse en une neutralisation totale, c'est-à-dire, qu’aucune mention du sexe n’apparaitrait sur les actes de l’état civil. La seconde serait partielle dans la mesure où le sexe serait une mention cachée, ou rationnalisée, avec l’aide de nouvelles techniques d’identification, comme la biométrie. / The sexed binarity is a truth which seemed, until now uncontested and undeniable. So that, put except for designations genrées present in the Civil code, this last considered to be useful to specify only the sexes which were to be registered on the acts of the civil status, were to be exclusively female or male. However, in practice, the exclusive membership of the one of the two devoted sexes is not a universal rule.Thus the states of intersexuation came to tarnish the table, by affirming that the sex was not a single entity but a block of various components, objective and subjective, which are not necessarily concordant between them. On the one hand, the physical intersexuation, being characterized by a variation of the genital development (V. G. D.) is analyzed like nonan agreement of the objective components of the sex, i.e., all those which depend on a biological determinism. In addition, the psychic intersexuation, otherwise called transsexualism, or dysphorie of kind, implies only one discordance between the objective components and the subjective component, the psychosocial sex. In other words, the person is biologically of a determined sex, but it feels to belong to the other sex.These two states have authority to call into question the place of the sex in the acts of the civil status on two levels. On a side, the people known as “intersexes” will make us wonder about the true value of the civil status if this last does not take into account the variation in its statings. This interrogation seems to be countered by certain practices medical, which, under the constraint at the same time of the parents and the binary company, assigns young people intersexes in the days which follow the birth, while at the same time any medical need does not come to justify this act. Other side, the people transsexuals call into question the bases of the state of the people and in particular the principle of immutability.Moreover, the certainty on the sex in Right are upset by the development of the basic rights resulting from an interpretation increasingly broader of article 8 of the C.E.D.H. Thus, rises from the right to the respect of the private life, the right to the personal blooming, which itself made possible the emergence of the rights relating to the identity, of which gender identity. They are divided into two entities with on the one hand, the right to construction of the gender identity and other, the right to its recognition.All these considerations made transfer the mission of the civil status, which does not fulfill only any more one identifying mission and of civil police for the benefit of the State and the general interest, but which becomes the privileged place of the identity claims, for the benefit of individuals. Consequently, the kind becomes allowed in Right, more especially as the C.E.D.H. positions in favour of the development of this second mission.Taking into consideration these element, we can affirm that a reform of the mention of the sex to the civil status is convenient, would be this only to avoid the probable judgments of the European Court. This reform should ensure the respect due to the private life of the people in a state of intersexuation so much by limiting the stigmatizing situations of which they could be victims. It could in addition, to take two forms according to whether it would be placed in favour of an abandonment or installation of a new mention. On the first assumption, a neutralization of the sex would be considered and could take two forms. The first is analyzed in a total neutralization, i.e., that no mention of the sex appears on the acts of the civil status. The second partial insofar as the sex would be a hidden mention, or would be rationalized, with the assistance of novel methods of identification, like biometrics.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 860449 bytes, checksum: 67f22cfb5702d1f84edc05fa0989645b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries mankind has built as metanarrative belief that truth is the subject of rights in being male or female, causing the human to materialize only in the context of binary sex, disregarding any other form of embodiment. Some people are born with different embodiment of the considered normal, with characteristics of both sexes. They are called the medical discourse of intersex. By transgressing the binary model, these people are relegated to the margins of society, moreover, are relegated to the social invisibility, and repeatedly, raped for their human dignity. This work proposes a reflection on the interface between intersexuality and human rights from the analysis of how the medical and legal knowledge legitimize the sexual binarism and its name, violate the rights and deny personhood to human intersex. The structure of this dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter an analysis was performed on the construction of bodies as a tool sociocultural- historical concepts such as from the body, gender and sex in the perspective of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Bernice Bento, Thomas Laqueur and how legal discourse using these concepts and produces a dogmatist who assumes to know the characteristics of the male from the reflections of Frances Olsen and Carole Pateman. In the second chapter it was analyzed that the medical discourse on intersexuality from the concept, and some type of technical management of intersex bodies and the protocols of surgery grinding sex. Also in the second chapter, was used the prospect of George Canguilhem and Thomas Kuhn to understand the concepts of normality and abnormality are political and cultural rather than biological or natural aimed at discussing the depathologization of intersexuality. In the third and last chapter, it was discussed about how the law legitimizes sexual binarism in scientifically supported biomedical discourse and the practice of surgery that define sex in intersex people hurt human dignity from the analysis of the principles that guide the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. As conclusion it appears that the impotence of the human face of stiff biological destiny transforms human life in a compelling and uncompromising determinism incompatible therefore with the principle of human dignity which justifies the theory of human rights. / Entre os séculos XVII e XVIII a humanidade construiu como metanarrativa a crença que a verdade do sujeito de direito está no ser masculino ou feminino, levando o humano a se concretizar apenas na perspectiva do sexo binário, desconsiderando qualquer outra forma de corporalidade. Há pessoas que nascem com corporalidade diferente da considerada normal, com características de ambos os sexos. São denominadas pelo discurso médico de intersexuais. Por transgredirem o modelo binário, essas pessoas são relegadas à margem da sociedade, outrossim, são relegadas à invisibilidade social e, reiteradas vezes, violadas em sua dignidade humana. A presente dissertação propõe uma reflexão sobre a interface entre a intersexualidade e os direitos humanos a partir da análise de como os saberes médico e jurídico legitimam o binarismo sexual e, em seu nome, violam direitos e negam a condição de pessoa humana aos intersexuais. A estrutura desta dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma análise sobre a construção dos corpos como uma ferramenta sócio-histórico-cultural a partir de conceitos como corpo, gênero e sexo na perspectiva de Michel Foucault, de Judith Butler, de Berenice Bento, de Thomas Laqueur e como o discurso jurídico se utiliza desses conceitos e produz um saber dogmático que assume as características do masculino a partir das reflexões de Frances Olsen e Carole Pateman. No segundo capítulo foi analisado o discurso médico sobre a intersexualidade a partir do conceito, da tipologia e de algumas técnicas de gerenciamento dos corpos intersexuais, bem como os protocolos das cirurgias retificadoras do sexo. Ainda no segundo capítulo, foi utilizada a perspectiva de George Canguilhem e Thomas Kuhn para compreender que os conceitos de normalidades e anormalidade são políticos e culturais e não biológicos ou naturais objetivando a discussão sobre a despatologização da intersexualidade. No terceiro, e último capítulo, foi realizada a discussão sobre como o Direito legitima o binarismo sexual amparado cientificamente no discurso biomédico e como a prática das cirurgias que definem o sexo nas pessoas intersexuais ferem a dignidade humana a partir da análise dos princípios que norteiam a Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos. Nas considerações finais constata-se que a impotência da pessoa humana diante da rigidez do destino biológico, transforma a vida humana em um determinismo irrefutável e inflexível, incompatível, portanto, com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana que justifica a teoria dos direitos humanos.

Diploma thesis "Sport and Intersexuality in Media" deals with the topic of intersexuality in professional sport, which was at the centre of media attention during the World Athletics Championship in Berlin in August 2009, as the South African athlete Caster Semenya won on the 800 m track. Because of her sports performance in conjunction with her appearance she had to undergo a sex test and until its evaluation she was excluded from athletic competitions. The aim of the study was to analyse texts published by selected nationally distributed Czech printed journals by using the quantitative content analysis and to describe the image of intersexuality, a publicly infrequently discussed topic, media submit to its readers, to capture any differences in the presentation of intersexuality and intersex people between the analysed media and to evaluate, whether and how the media contribute to retaining of the existing power order discriminating intersex people or whether they try to undermine this order.

This is a theoretical study of intersexuality and of its medical and social implications. My interest of inquiry includes both exploring, describing and explaining. One could say that this study is a form of qualitative analysis of contents. The aim of the study is to fill a gap and to raise awareness of the notion intersex. The conclusions show that social models of explanation to today’s paradigm of intervention are valid.

Germany was the first country in Europe that took an important step to helping intersex people. Since the 1st of November 2013 the intersex new-born have been enacting an opportunity to withhold information about the gender in its personal documents. Germany is now among the few countries in the world that gave intersexed people the opportunity to stay for a lifetime, if they so desire, without a gender. Intersex people are classified as individuals who are born with ambiguous sex characteristics (such as genitalia, chromosomes and hormones). Therefore they can't fall into either of the male or the female sex category. Amendment to the german Civil Code, which allowed marking gender of intersex children in its personal documents with the letter "X", was preceded by intense debate in the field of professional, political and social. Partial discussions of this topic took place in Germany since the 90s and were carried out thanks to the interest groups of intersex people. The most important stimulus for the amendment to civil code was the opinion of the German Council for Ethics from February 2012. The loudest argument in discussions appeared, pointed in particular to the need to ban dangerous surgeries on intersex children, which caused them health problems in adulthood. Other reason for this...

INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes com distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual (DDS) constituem um desafio para os profissionais que se empenham no seu tratamento e acompanhamento. São raros os estudos na área psicológica com acompanhamento destes pacientes a longo prazo. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os aspectos psicossociais e sexuais em relação ao diagnóstico etiológico, avaliar a influência de diversas variáveis na manutenção ou mudança da identidade de gênero nos pacientes que atingiram a idade adulta e a qualidade de vida numa grande coorte de pacientes com DDS 46,XY e 46,XX acompanhados em um mesmo serviço a longo prazo. MÉTODOS: O estudo teve caráter principalmente retrospectivo e foi realizado em pacientes com DDS de ambos os sexos acompanhados até o período pós-puberal ou idade adulta, num total de 151 pacientes maiores de 15 anos; destes, 55 pacientes apresentavam cariótipo 46,XX e 96 cariótipo 46,XY, tendo sido incluído neste ultimo grupo 6 pacientes que apresentavam cariótipo 46,XY em mosaicismo com a linhagem 45,X. O diagnóstico etiológico do DDS foi estabelecido pela avaliação clínica, citogenética, hormonal e por imagem em todos os casos e na maioria deles complementada pelo diagnóstico molecular. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento clinico, psicológico e cirúrgico. Os instrumentos utilizados para a avaliação psicológica foram: a entrevista semi-estruturada com aplicação de um questionário específico com 192 questões, desenvolvido para avaliar os aspectos sociais, profissionais e sexuais, o teste projetivo do HTP para auxiliar na identificação da identidade de gênero e o questionário Whoqol-Bref para avaliar a qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: A atribuição do sexo social feminino foi predominante em ambos os grupos com DDS. Houve mudança do sexo social em 20% dos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e em 14% dos pacientes com DDS 46,XX. Houve associação significativa da mudança para o gênero masculino nos pacientes do grupo DDS 46,XY por deficiência de 5-redutase 2 quando comparados ao grupo de pacientes com DDS 46,XY por deficiência da produção ou ação da testosterona. Foi encontrada uma maior frequencia de pacientes com orientação homo ou bissexual nas pacientes com sexo social feminino com maior prevalência em pacientes com hiperplasia adrenal virilizante. Nas pacientes com DDS 46,XX por deficiência da 21 hidroxilase não houve influência do número de repetições CAG nos estádios de Prader e na mudança da identidade de gênero. Observamos disforia de gênero em 8 pacientes com DDS 46,XX por deficiência da 21 hidroxilase, sendo que 5 deles mudaram para o sexo social masculino. Todos haviam sido tratados de maneira irregular, apresentaram virilização importante e provinham de famílias de baixa renda, indicando o papel da exposição dos andrógenos e do meio ambiente sobre a identidade de gênero. Três variáveis na análise univariada foram significativamente associadas com a mudança de sexo social para o masculino nos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e DDS 46,XX: brincadeiras masculinas ou neutras na infância, tarefas domiciliares tipicamente masculinas e auto-percepção da aparência física como masculina ou ambígua na infância. Houve associação significativa entre os aspectos da identidade de gênero inicial e o sexo social final no teste do HTP, mostrando ser este um instrumento útil para avaliação dos pacientes com DDS. A qualidade de vida, avaliada pelo teste Whoqol Bref, das pacientes com sexo social feminino foi melhor nas pacientes com DDS 46,XX em comparação com as pacientes com DDS 46,XY. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DDS 46,XY registrados no sexo social feminino que mudaram para o sexo social masculino, foi semelhante a daqueles registrados no sexo social masculino. Por outro lado, os pacientes com sexo social final masculino tiveram melhor qualidade de vida quando comparados aos pacientes com sexo social final feminino. O diagnóstico etiológico não teve influência sobre o grau de satisfação pessoal, atribuição do sexo e relacionamento amoroso. CONCLUSÃO: A atribuição do sexo social feminino foi predominante em ambos os grupos. A variável brincadeiras masculinas ou neutras na infância teve valor preditivo para a mudança de sexo social para o masculino nos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e 46,XX educados no sexo social feminino. O teste HTP foi útil na avaliação dos pacientes com DDS. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes 46,XY com sexo social final masculino foi melhor do que a dos pacientes com sexo social final feminino. A maioria dos pacientes referiu elevado índice de satisfação com o tratamento, mostrando a importância de uma equipe multidisciplinar no tratamento dos distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual. / INTRODUCTION: Patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) constitute a challenge for professionals working in their treatment and follow-up. Studies of patients with DSD have been focused on dissatisfaction in adulthood with sex assigned at birth. However, other parameters, such as psychosocial adjustment, sexual function, psychological health, social integration and the quality of life are rarely described. This study aims to evaluate the professional and psychosocial aspects, in order to identify the variables involved in gender identity and sexual orientation of a large cohort of patients with DSD 46 XY and, 46, XX and also assess the quality of life of patients in adulthood. METHODS: The study was mainly retrospective and was conducted in patients with DSD of both sexes followed until puberty or adulthood, a total of 151 patients older than 15 years; of these, 55 patients had 46, XX karyotype and 96 of them 46,XY karyotype, having been included in the latter group 6 patients who had 46, XY karyotype in mosaicism with the 45, X lineage. Etiological diagnosis of DSD was established by clinical evaluation, cytogenetics, hormonal and image studies in all cases and most of them complemented by molecular diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical and psychological treatment. Instruments used for psychological evaluation were: a semi-structured interview with application of a specific questionnaire with 192 questions developed to assess the social, professional and sexual aspects. The projective HTP test was used to assess gender identity and the Whoqol-Bref questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life. RESULTS: The female social sex assignment was prevalent in both groups with DSD. A change of assigned sex was found in 20% of the 46, XY DSD patients and in 14% of the 46,XX DSD patients. There was a significant association between the change to male social sex with DSD 46, XY due to 5 alpha-RD2 deficiency when compared with DSD 46,XY group due to defects in testosterone secretion or action. A greater frequency of homo or bisexual orientation was found in the patients with female social sex with higher prevalence in patients with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In these patients the number of CAG repeats and Prader stage did not influence sexual orientation. We observe gender dysphoria in 8 patients with 46, XX DSD due to 21- hydroxylase deficiency, and 5 of them have changed to the male social sex. All of these patients had been treated irregularly, showed significant virilization and derived from low-income families indicating the role of exposure of androgens and environment on gender identity. Three variables in univariate analysis were significantly associated with change to male social sex in patients with 46, XY DSD and 46, XX DSD educated on female social sex: male or neutral plays in childhood, typically masculine household tasks and self perception of physical appearance as male or ambiguous in childhood but the male or neutral toys in childhood presented the best predictive value of male gender identity in adulthood. There was significant association between aspects of initial gender identity and final gender social sex in HTP test, showing that this is a useful tool for evaluation of patients with DSD. The quality of life of patients with 46,XX DSD was similar to patients with 46, XY DSD however patients with male social sex showed better quality of life than those with female social sex. Similarly, the quality of life of patients with 46, XY DSD the female register social sex who had switched to the male sex social was similar to those assigned in sex male indicating a good social adaptation of patients to new social sex. However, among the patients with female social sex, those with 46,XY DDS showed lower quality of life than 46, XX DSD patients. Male patients with 46,XY DDS had better quality of life than the 46,XY DSD patients with female gender. DDS patients who underwent masculinizing surgery showed better quality of life than the group which underwent feminizing surgery and both groups with DDS showed lower quality of life of patients than patients who undergone to kidney transplantation. The etiological diagnosis had no influence on the assignment of sex and the degree of personal satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Patients with 46,XY and 46, XX DDS showed good social, professional and sexual integration at adulthood. The variable male or neutral plays in childhood had better predictive value of male gender identity in adulthood in patients with 46,X and 46,XX DDS reared in the female social sex. The HTP projective test was useful in the overall assessment of patients with DSD. The quality of life of the patients with male social was better than those with female social sex. Most DSD patients expressed high satisfaction with treatment, showing the importance of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of the disorders of sex development.

Since the attacks of September 11th, 2001, the literature of the United States has become increasingly concerned with telling tragic stories. While the literature written about the attacks is considerable and operates as the climax in this dissertation, the literature of the ensuing decade has been marked by a return to tragic terror more broadly. A distinct feeling of anxiety and fear continues to animate a strong tragic tradition in the contemporary novel. Through an analysis of motifs, figures, and metaphors derived from classical dramatic sources and the attendant philosophical tradition, this dissertation investigates the complex formal processes through which tragic American lives occur and their political contexts. This dissertation argues that American literary production in the first decade of the twenty-first century requires a critical return to the so-called Myth and Symbol School that inaugurated American Studies and established an American literary tradition with New England Transcendentalists. Emerson’s claim that America must be made great through and by its ability to perceive “the terror of life” resonates in today’s post-9/11 political and economic climate. This study illuminates the ways that the contemporary novelists have seen fit to incorporate classical tropes and narratives into traditional stereotypes of identity and nationhood. Linguistic life, it might be said, directly influences political life. Tragic America is an aggregation of tragic manifestations that finds political extensions and interpretive applications through provisional and figurative relationships. Relationships negotiated through this metaphoric sensibility are, I believe, the only honest means of comparison in our radically heterogeneous culture. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2012-05-31 10:01:52.902

This thesis explores some of the themes and issues that social workers may wish to consider when investigating and addressing matters pertaining to wellness in individuals with sex-variances. Foundational literature includes writings by John Money, the Chicago Consensus, and the clinical guidelines of the Intersex Society of North America. A three pillars model is introduced as a potential means for fostering better understanding and diversity in relation to sex, gender, and sexuality. Semi-structured interviews surrounding wellness are conducted with four individuals who have sex-variances. Interview results are analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Recommendations are put forth in a manner designed to allow social workers to work collaboratively with individuals who have sex-variances and their families, as well as with other medical and health professionals who provide services thereof. The analyses and recommendations presented in this thesis are situated within a context of evidence-based anti-oppressive practice.

Cette étude cherche à analyser la gestion sociomédicale et quotidienne de l’intersexualité, ainsi que les représentations et pratiques sociales en jeu dans les décisions concernant l’assignation sexuelle des enfants intersex. D’une part, il s’agit de comprendre les perspectives, les pratiques et les discours des professionnels de santé; d’autre part, ceux des jeunes intersex et de leurs familles. A partir d’une ethnographie réalisée à la fois dans un hôpital brésilien et un hôpital français, j’examine comment différents arguments (hormonaux, génétiques, sociaux, morphologiques, psychologiques, entre autres) contribuent à la prise de décision, comment s’organise le travail collectif, et comment fonctionnent les relations entre les différentes spécialités médicales. En ce qui concerne les familles des enfants/jeunes intersex et les jeunes personnes intersex elles-mêmes, j’analyse la manière dont elles sont insérées dans ces négociations, leur relation à la logique biomédicale, la façon dont elles perçoivent le corps intersex et dont elles gèrent l’intersexualité dans leur vie quotidienne. a recherche révèle que le sexe, dans le contexte de la prise de décision, émerge en tant qu’une «catégorie médico-diagnostique» construite à partir d’une combinaison d’éléments. Au Brésil autant qu’en France, la question est traitée de manière plus ou moins homogène: bien que l’accent soit mis de manière différente vis-à-vis d’aspects spécifiques impliqués dans les décisions, dans les deux pays la génétique et la biologie moléculaire sont devenues de plus en plus importantes dans le processus. Il existe également des conflits à l’égard de l’utilisation de la nomenclature «intersex», qui mettent en lumière des «ambiguités» et des tensions autour de la thématique. Enfin, l’étude démontre que les personnes intersex et leurs familles ne partagent pas toujours les mêmes perspectives que les médecins ou bien qu’elles n’utilisent pas les mêmes critères de classification sexuelle que ces derniers. Entre autres questions, tout au long de trajectoires de «corrections» et «régulations» corporelles, se révèle l’insuffisance d’un modèle basé sur des catégories sexuelles dichotomiques. En interrogeant ces dichotomies, les débats autour de l’intersexualité soulignent les limites éthico-théoriques qui circonscrivent le champs de la bioéthique et des droits sexuels en tant que droits humains. Plus loin, ces débats participent à la redéfinition d’autres catégories binaires telles que sexe versus genre, nature versus culture, réel versus artificiel et humain versus non-humain. / Este estudo busca analisar o gerenciamento sociomédico e cotidiano da intersexualidade, bem como as representações e as práticas sociais acionadas nas decisões envolvendo a designação do sexo em crianças intersex. De um lado, tratase de compreender as perspectivas, práticas e discursos de profissionais de saúde e, de outro, aqueles das famílias e jovens intersex. A partir da etnografia realizada em dois hospitais (um hospital brasileiro e outro francês), examino de que modo diferentes argumentos (hormonais, genéticos, sociais, morfológicos, psicológicos, entre outros) concorrem para as tomadas de decisão, de que forma acontece a organização do trabalho coletivo e as relações entre as diferentes especialidades médicas. No que se refere às famílias de crianças/jovens intersex e aos próprios jovens, analiso a maneira como estão inseridos nessas negociações, a forma de se relacionarem com a lógica biomédica, como percebem o corpo intersex e lidam cotidianamente com a intersexualidade. A pesquisa revela que, no contexto das decisões, o sexo surge enquanto uma “categoria médico-diagnóstica”, construída a partir de uma combinação de diferentes elementos. Há um tratamento mais ou menos homogêneo da questão no Brasil e na França e, embora se possa identificar ênfases diferenciadas em relação a determinados aspectos envolvidos nas decisões, nos dois contextos a genética e a biologia molecular vêm ganhando cada vez mais importância no processo. Identificam-se, ainda, embates em torno da nomenclatura “intersex”, os quais, entre outros aspectos, apontam para as “ambigüidades” e tensões que rondam a temática. Finalmente, o estudo demonstra que nem sempre as famílias e as pessoas intersex compartilham com os médicos a mesma perspectiva ou os mesmos critérios de classificação do sexo. Entre outras questões, no decorrer das trajetórias de “correções” e “regulações” corporais denuncia-se a insuficiência de um modelo que prevê categorias sexuais dicotômicas. Ao interpelar essas dicotomias, os debates em torno da intersexualidade escrutinam os limites ético-teóricos que circunscrevem o campo da bioética e dos direitos sexuais enquanto direitos humanos. Além disso, concorrem para a revisão de outras categorias binárias como sexo versus gênero, natureza versus cultura, verdadeiro versus artificial e humano versus não humano. / This study seeks to analyze the sociomedical and day-to-day management of intersexuality, as well as the representations and social practices brought into action in decisions involving sex assignment with intersex children. On the one hand, it aims to understand the perspectives, practices and discourses of health professionals and on the other, those of intersex youth and their families. Starting from an ethnography carried out in one Brazilian and one French hospital, I examine how different arguments (hormonal, genetic, social, morphological, psychological, among others) compete during decision making, in what ways collective work organization takes place and the relationships between the different medical specialties. Regarding the families of intersex children/youth and the young people themselves, I analyze the manner in which they are inserted into these negotiations, the way they are related to the biomedical logic, how they perceive the intersex body and how they deal with intersexuality in their day-to-day lives. The research reveals that sex arises as a “medical-diagnostic category” in the decision making context and that it is constructed from a combination of elements. In both Brazil and France, the question is given a more or less homogeneous treatment; although it is possible to identify some differences in emphases regarding specific aspects involved in the decisions, in both countries genetics and molecular biology have become increasingly important in the process. There are conflicts around the use of "intersex" nomenclature as well, which point to the "ambiguities" and tension surrounding the theme. Finally, the study demonstrates that intersex people and their families do not always hold the same perspectives or use the same sex classification criteria as doctors do. Among other questions, over the course of the various bodily “corrections” and “regulations”, the insufficiency of a model in which the categories are based on a sexual dichotomy is revealed. By questioning these dichotomies, the debates around intersexuality scrutinize the ethical-theoretical limits which circumscribe the field of bioethics and of sexual rights as human rights. Moreover, they compete for a revision of other binary categories, such as sex versus gender, nature versus culture, real versus artificial and human versus non-human.

Cette étude cherche à analyser la gestion sociomédicale et quotidienne de l’intersexualité, ainsi que les représentations et pratiques sociales en jeu dans les décisions concernant l’assignation sexuelle des enfants intersex. D’une part, il s’agit de comprendre les perspectives, les pratiques et les discours des professionnels de santé; d’autre part, ceux des jeunes intersex et de leurs familles. A partir d’une ethnographie réalisée à la fois dans un hôpital brésilien et un hôpital français, j’examine comment différents arguments (hormonaux, génétiques, sociaux, morphologiques, psychologiques, entre autres) contribuent à la prise de décision, comment s’organise le travail collectif, et comment fonctionnent les relations entre les différentes spécialités médicales. En ce qui concerne les familles des enfants/jeunes intersex et les jeunes personnes intersex elles-mêmes, j’analyse la manière dont elles sont insérées dans ces négociations, leur relation à la logique biomédicale, la façon dont elles perçoivent le corps intersex et dont elles gèrent l’intersexualité dans leur vie quotidienne. a recherche révèle que le sexe, dans le contexte de la prise de décision, émerge en tant qu’une «catégorie médico-diagnostique» construite à partir d’une combinaison d’éléments. Au Brésil autant qu’en France, la question est traitée de manière plus ou moins homogène: bien que l’accent soit mis de manière différente vis-à-vis d’aspects spécifiques impliqués dans les décisions, dans les deux pays la génétique et la biologie moléculaire sont devenues de plus en plus importantes dans le processus. Il existe également des conflits à l’égard de l’utilisation de la nomenclature «intersex», qui mettent en lumière des «ambiguités» et des tensions autour de la thématique. Enfin, l’étude démontre que les personnes intersex et leurs familles ne partagent pas toujours les mêmes perspectives que les médecins ou bien qu’elles n’utilisent pas les mêmes critères de classification sexuelle que ces derniers. Entre autres questions, tout au long de trajectoires de «corrections» et «régulations» corporelles, se révèle l’insuffisance d’un modèle basé sur des catégories sexuelles dichotomiques. En interrogeant ces dichotomies, les débats autour de l’intersexualité soulignent les limites éthico-théoriques qui circonscrivent le champs de la bioéthique et des droits sexuels en tant que droits humains. Plus loin, ces débats participent à la redéfinition d’autres catégories binaires telles que sexe versus genre, nature versus culture, réel versus artificiel et humain versus non-humain. / Este estudo busca analisar o gerenciamento sociomédico e cotidiano da intersexualidade, bem como as representações e as práticas sociais acionadas nas decisões envolvendo a designação do sexo em crianças intersex. De um lado, tratase de compreender as perspectivas, práticas e discursos de profissionais de saúde e, de outro, aqueles das famílias e jovens intersex. A partir da etnografia realizada em dois hospitais (um hospital brasileiro e outro francês), examino de que modo diferentes argumentos (hormonais, genéticos, sociais, morfológicos, psicológicos, entre outros) concorrem para as tomadas de decisão, de que forma acontece a organização do trabalho coletivo e as relações entre as diferentes especialidades médicas. No que se refere às famílias de crianças/jovens intersex e aos próprios jovens, analiso a maneira como estão inseridos nessas negociações, a forma de se relacionarem com a lógica biomédica, como percebem o corpo intersex e lidam cotidianamente com a intersexualidade. A pesquisa revela que, no contexto das decisões, o sexo surge enquanto uma “categoria médico-diagnóstica”, construída a partir de uma combinação de diferentes elementos. Há um tratamento mais ou menos homogêneo da questão no Brasil e na França e, embora se possa identificar ênfases diferenciadas em relação a determinados aspectos envolvidos nas decisões, nos dois contextos a genética e a biologia molecular vêm ganhando cada vez mais importância no processo. Identificam-se, ainda, embates em torno da nomenclatura “intersex”, os quais, entre outros aspectos, apontam para as “ambigüidades” e tensões que rondam a temática. Finalmente, o estudo demonstra que nem sempre as famílias e as pessoas intersex compartilham com os médicos a mesma perspectiva ou os mesmos critérios de classificação do sexo. Entre outras questões, no decorrer das trajetórias de “correções” e “regulações” corporais denuncia-se a insuficiência de um modelo que prevê categorias sexuais dicotômicas. Ao interpelar essas dicotomias, os debates em torno da intersexualidade escrutinam os limites ético-teóricos que circunscrevem o campo da bioética e dos direitos sexuais enquanto direitos humanos. Além disso, concorrem para a revisão de outras categorias binárias como sexo versus gênero, natureza versus cultura, verdadeiro versus artificial e humano versus não humano. / This study seeks to analyze the sociomedical and day-to-day management of intersexuality, as well as the representations and social practices brought into action in decisions involving sex assignment with intersex children. On the one hand, it aims to understand the perspectives, practices and discourses of health professionals and on the other, those of intersex youth and their families. Starting from an ethnography carried out in one Brazilian and one French hospital, I examine how different arguments (hormonal, genetic, social, morphological, psychological, among others) compete during decision making, in what ways collective work organization takes place and the relationships between the different medical specialties. Regarding the families of intersex children/youth and the young people themselves, I analyze the manner in which they are inserted into these negotiations, the way they are related to the biomedical logic, how they perceive the intersex body and how they deal with intersexuality in their day-to-day lives. The research reveals that sex arises as a “medical-diagnostic category” in the decision making context and that it is constructed from a combination of elements. In both Brazil and France, the question is given a more or less homogeneous treatment; although it is possible to identify some differences in emphases regarding specific aspects involved in the decisions, in both countries genetics and molecular biology have become increasingly important in the process. There are conflicts around the use of "intersex" nomenclature as well, which point to the "ambiguities" and tension surrounding the theme. Finally, the study demonstrates that intersex people and their families do not always hold the same perspectives or use the same sex classification criteria as doctors do. Among other questions, over the course of the various bodily “corrections” and “regulations”, the insufficiency of a model in which the categories are based on a sexual dichotomy is revealed. By questioning these dichotomies, the debates around intersexuality scrutinize the ethical-theoretical limits which circumscribe the field of bioethics and of sexual rights as human rights. Moreover, they compete for a revision of other binary categories, such as sex versus gender, nature versus culture, real versus artificial and human versus non-human.