Orientador: Michiko Sakate / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos clínico, laboratorial, eletrocardiográfico de cães intoxicados por veneno de sapo, além de verificar a resposta ao tratamento com propranolol. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 cães sem raça definida, machos e fêmeas, sadios, divididos em 2 grupos: controle (n=5) e intoxicados com veneno de sapo (n=15). Os cães foram submetidos à indução anestésica com tiopental sódico IV e mantidos em anestesia volátil com isoflurano a 3% durante o período de avaliação e registro de dados (duas horas e meia). Neste período, os animais do grupo controle receberam somente placebo (solução fisiológica) e os do grupo Intoxicado receberam uma alíquota do veneno de sapo por sonda orogástrica. Os animais que apresentaram taquicardia ventricular foram tratados com propranolol a 0,5 mg/kg IV. Durante a avaliação foram observadas as alterações dos sinais clínicos, tais como: freqüência e ritmo cardíacos, sialorréia, irritação da mucosa oral, evacuação e micção, alterações respiratórias, coloração das mucosas, temperatura corpórea e freqüência de pulso. Também foi mensurada a pressão arterial (sistólica, diastólica e média) e colhido material para dosagem de marcadores cardíacos (CK-MB e TnIc), além de dosagem de eletrólitos plasmáticos (Na, K e Ca iônico) e os animais foram monitorados com eletrocardiógrafo para verificação de arritmias. Os resultados mostraram que a intoxicação por bufotoxina causa alterações cardiovasculares, como hipertensão e arritmias ventriculares (VPCs e TV); alterações neurológicas com sinais variáveis; alterações gastrointestinais com vômito, sialorréia, hiperemia da mucosa e diarréia. Além disso, os animais intoxicados apresentaram elevação de CK-MB e TnIc, mostrando lesão miocárdica aguda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratorial and eletrocardiographic aspects of the dogs intoxicated with toad venom, besides to check the answer to therapeutic with the use of propranolol. For this, were used 20 dogs without definitive breed, males and females, healthy, divided in two groups: Control (n=5) and Intoxicated with toad venom (n=15). These dogs were submitted to anesthesic induction with sodic thiopental IV and maintained in volatile anaesthesia with isoflurane 3% during the period of evaluation and value records (two and half hours). In this period, the Control group received only phisiologic solution and the Intoxicated group animals received a fraction of the toad venom through oro-gastric catheter. The animals that showed ventricular taquicardiac were treated with 0,5 mg/Kg Iv of propranolol. During the evaluation, was observed the present or not of these clinical signs: cardiac frequence and rhythm, profuse salivation, oral mucoses irritation, evacuation, urine, respiratory changes, color mucous, body temperature and pulse frequency. Also was mensured the arterial pressure (systolic, diastolic and medium) and was collected material by dosing cardiac markers (CK-MB and TnIc), besides dosing of eletrolyte plasmatics (Na, K and Ca ionic) and these animals were monitored with eletrocardiographic by cheking arrhythmias. The results showed that the intoxication by bufotoxin causes cardiovasculars alterations as hypertension and ventriculars arrhythmias (VPCs e TV), neurologics alterations with signs variables, digestive tract alterations as vomits, profuse salivation, hyperemic mucous membranes and diarrhoea. Besides, the intoxicated animals showed elevation of CK-MB and TnIc, showing sharp lesion of miocardic. Propranolol, in the dose utilized showed to be a medicine enough sufficient by treatment of ventryculars arrhythmias affronted by toad venom... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_rn_me_jabo.pdf: 2674353 bytes, checksum: 1df586cc790a3f677f20fa5c520ce6d9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O farelo de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas) é um ingrediente protéico que se apresenta como possível substituto alternativo do farelo de soja nas rações. Entretanto, faltam informações a respeito de seu valor nutritivo e da ação dos fatores antinutricionais presentes, para peixes. Por 90 dias foi realizado experimento para avaliar o efeito da inclusão do farelo de pinhão manso (FPM) em dietas para tilápia do Nilo. Foram utilizados 240 peixes com 13,82 ± 0,39 g de peso médio inicial e foram distribuídos em 30 aquários de 250L num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas (isoprotéicas = 32,00% PB, isoenergéticas = 4000 kcal ED/kg e isofibrosas = 8,7% de FB), contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de FPM (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 16,0%). A composição química do FPM, o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA), porcentagem de mortalidade (MORT%) e índice hepatossomático (IHS) foram avaliados. Aos 45 e 90 dias todos os peixes foram anestesiados e pesados. Um peixe por aquário foi sacrificado para determinar a proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), umidade (UM) e cinzas das carcaças. Os valores de UM, cinzas e EE diminuíram com a inclusão de FPM na ração (P<0,05). Peixes alimentados com 2, 4 e 8% de FPM apresentaram maior teor de PB. Esta diferença foi provavelmente devido ao menor teor de EE desses peixes. Observou-se efeito quadrático negativo para as variáveis GP e CR e efeito quadrático positivo para a CA. A equação de regressão demonstrou que valores acima de 5,55% de inclusão de farelo de pinhão manso são significativamente prejudiciais para o desenvolvimento dos peixes. O IHS apresentou efeito linear negativo de acordo com o aumento do nível de FPM na dieta. Os peixes do tratamento 16%FPM apresentaram menor tempo de vida e 100% de mortalidade, indicando a alta toxicidade do FPM... / Jatropha curcas meal is a vegetable protein-rich ingredient which could be used in animal diets as a soybean meal substitute. Otherwise, information is lacking regarding to its nutritional value and the effect of antinutritional factors for fish. A 90-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effect of jatropha meal (JM) inclusion in diets for Nile tilapia. Two hundred and forty fish with 13.82 ± 0.39g mean initial weight were randomly assigned to 30 250l-aquaria in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed diets (isonitrogenous = 32.00% DP, isoenergetic = 4000 kcal GE/kg diet and same fiber level = 8.7% CF) containing graded JM levels (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0%). Jatropha meal chemical composition, feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were evaluated. At 45 and 90 days all fish were anesthetized and weighed. One fish per aquarium was killed to determine dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) content of fish carcass. Ash, DM and EE content reduced according to JM inclusion levels (P<0.05). Fish fed 2, 4 and 8% JM had higher CP content. This difference was probably due to the lower EE content of these fish. A negative quadratic effect was observed for WG and FI while positive quadratic effect was observed for FCR. The regression equation demonstrated that inclusion JM levels above 5.55% depressed fish growth. HSI showed negative linear effect according to increasing JM level in the diet. Fish fed 16% JM showed the lowest life span and completely died before the end of the experiment, indicating the high toxicity of JM. Tilapia fed JM showed anorexia signs, erratic swimming... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cifuentessanchez_dc_me_jabo.pdf: 613539 bytes, checksum: 37eff93202a7077d4466ac72ae3887f6 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram utilizadas 15 fêmeas ovinas, sem raça definida, alocadas em três grupos de cinco animais cada, com porcentagens de inclusão de 0,4% (G1), 0,6% (G2) e 1% (G3), de sementes de C. spectabilis trituradas e misturadas na ração, num período experimental de 28 dias. As colheitas de amostras sanguíneas e biópsias hepáticas para exame histológico seguiram o esquema: T0 (dia anterior à inclusão de sementes), T1 (7 dias após inclusão das sementes), T2 (14 dias após inclusão das sementes), T3 (21 dias após inclusão das sementes) e T4 (28 dias após inclusão das sementes). As amostras de tecido hepático foram obtidas através da técnica de biópsia percutânea com agulha de tipo tru-cut guiada por ultrassom. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), com auxílio do programa estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS-Versão 9.1). Os contrastes de média pelo teste de Tukey com 95% de confiabilidade (p<0,05). Clinicamente apenas um animal do G3 no 21° dia após a inclusão de sementes (T3) apresentou sinais clínicos de intoxicação por C. spectabillis. Os resultados dos parâmetros hematológicos mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade para a espécie. As atividades séricas das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina fosfoquinase (CK) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, enquanto gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) apresentou diferença significativa entre o G1 (33,66±25,8 U/L) e o G2 (67,3±14,8 U/L) ambos no momento controle (T0). À avaliação ultrassonográfica evidenciou-se alterações hepáticas ao longo de todo o período experimental sendo confirmadas pelos achados histológicos... / Fifteen (15) ovine females, with no defined breed were alloted in three groups. Each group had five animals and different inclusion percentage of the Crotalaria spectabilis seeds, 0,4% (G1), 0,6% (G2) e 1% (G3). The seeds were grinded, mixed in the ration and supplied once/day to the animals through 28 days. Blood sampling and hepatic biopsies were accomplished as follows: T0 (day prior to intoxication), T1 (7 days after seed inclusion), T2 (14 days after inclusion), T3 (21 days after inclusion) and T4 (28 days after inclusion). Hepatic tissue samples were obtained by the percutain biopse technique with tru-cut needles guided by ultrasound. Results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) aided by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS-Versão 9.1). The means contrasts were accomplished by Tukey test, with 95% of reliability (p<0,05). Only one (1) animal from G3 on the 21st day after seed inclusion (T3) showed clinical signs of intoxication. Hematological parameters stayed within normality range for ovine species. Serum activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) did not show significant difference between groups, while gama-glutamyl tranferase (GGT) showed difference between G1 (33,66±25,8 U/L) and G2 (67,3±14,8 U/L), both in the control moment (T0). Ultrasound examination evidenced hepatic alterations during the whole experimental period which was confirmed by histological findings. It was concluded that both hemogram and hepatic function analysis isolated has no diagnostic value in C.spectabillis intoxication in sheep being necessary to perform some complementary exams, like ultrasound examination and percutain hepatic biopse

Orientador: Michiko Sakate / Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a intoxicação experimental por amitraz em gatos e comparar a eficácia do tratamento entre dois antagonistas a2-adrenérgicos, ioimbina e atipamezole. Para tanto, foram avaliados os efeitos clínicos e toxicológicos do amitraz por via intravenosa (IV) em gatos, incluindo a medida de pressão arterial sistólica, eletrocardiograma, níveis séricos de glicose, insulina e cortisol, eritrograma, leucograma, além da avaliação das funções renal e hepática. Foram utilizados 32 gatos, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos iguais (n=8), sendo que ao grupo C (controle) não foi administrado nenhum fármaco, porém realizaram-se todas as aferições e exames nos mesmos intervalos de tempos, dos grupos intoxicados. Aos do grupo A foi administrado amitraz na dose 1 mg/kg, IV, a 1,5%; aos do grupo AI amitraz nas mesmas dose e concentração do grupo A e 60 minutos após, ioimbina na dose 0,1 mg/kg, IV, a 2 mg/mL; e aos do grupo AA, amitraz nas mesmas dose e concentração do grupo A e 60 minutos após, atipamezole na dose de 0,2 mg/kg, IV, a 5 mg/mL. Foram aferidos os seguintes parâmetros nos intervalos de tempo 0, 30, 60,120, 180, 240 e 360 min após a administração do amitraz: temperatura (T), freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), eletrocardiograma (ECG), diâmetro pupilar (DP), grau de sedação (GS) e tempo médio de recuperação da sedação (TMRS) considerado como o tempo gasto, em minutos, pelo animal para se levantar após a administração do amitraz e após a administração do antagonista a2- adrenérgico, ioimbina ou atipamezole. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue por venopuncão da jugular ou cefálica 24 horas antes e depois da intoxicação para realização de eritrograma, leucograma, uréia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work studied the experimental intoxication for amitraz in cats and compared the effectiveness of the treatment between two a2-adrenergics antagonists, yohimbine and atipamezole. For so much, they were appraised the clinical and toxicological effects of the amitraz by intravenous route (IV), including the measure of systolic arterial pressure, electrocardiogram, serum glucose, insulin and cortisol levels, red and white blood cell counts, besides the evaluation of the renal and hepatic functions. Thirty two cats were used, aleatory divided in 4 groups (n=8). The group C (control) wasn't receive any drug, however all the exams (physical and laboratorial) were made respecting the same intervals used for the intoxicated groups. Amitraz was administered at the dose 1 mg/kg (1,5%), IV, on group A; on group AI, amitraz in the same dose and concentration of the group A and 60 minutes after, yohimbine at the dose 0,1 mg/kg (2 mg/mL), IV; and on group AA, amitraz in the same dose and concentration of the group A and 60 minutes after, atipamezole at the dose 0,2 mg/kg (5 mg/mL), IV. The following parameters were checked in the intervals of time 0, 30, 60,120, 180, 240 and 360 min after the administration of the amitraz: temperature (T), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), electrocardiogram (ECG), diameter pupilar (DP), degree of sedation (DS) and medium interval for sedation return (MISR) considered as the time, in minutes, for the animal to get up after the administration of the amitraz and after the a2-adrenergic antagonists administration, yohimbine or atipamezole. Blood samples were collected by jugular or cephalic puncture 24 hours before and after the intoxication for red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase... (Complete abstract click electronic address below) / Mestre

Resumo: Na clínica de pequenos animais, rotineiramente, observam-se casos de intoxicações de cães por rodenticidas anticoagulantes. Isto é conseqüência da grande utilização deste pesticida, que é de fácil aquisição para o uso doméstico no controle de roedores. Estes animais comumente apresentam distúrbios de hemostasia secundária com quadro hemorrágico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações hematológicas, hemostáticas e a resposta terapêutica de cães intoxicados experimentalmente por varfarina. Foram utilizados 28 cães, adultos, machos e fêmeas, que foram divididos em 2 grupos de 14 animais, sendo: Grupo I (varfarina + vitamina K1) e Grupo II (varfarina + vitamina K1 e plasma fresco congelado). Os cães foram intoxicados com a varfarina sódica (30mg/kg) por via oral e foram tratados com vitamina K1 (1mg/kg) por via subcutânea e a transfusão do plasma fresco congelado (PFC) na dose de 10mL/kg por via intravenosa. Os exames laboratoriais como hemograma, plaquetas, fibrinogênio, tempo de sangramento em mucosa oral (TSMO), tempo de coagulação (TC), tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) e tempo de trombina (TT) foram realizados em sete momentos: M0 (controle), M1 (48 horas), M2 (72 horas), M3 (78 horas), M4 (96 horas), M5 (120 horas) e M6 (168 horas) após a intoxicação. O tratamento com a vitamina K1 foi iniciado após o M2, continuando a cada 24 horas até o último momento, e a transfusão de PFC foi realizada somente uma vez imediatamente após o M2. Os resultados laboratoriais demonstraram que o TP é o mais sensível para o monitoramento da intoxicação por varfarina. TTPA e o TC também se apresentam prolongados pelo efeito anticoagulante do veneno, sendo que estes três testes devem ser utilizados conjuntamente no diagnóstico diferencial da intoxicação por varfarina. O tratamento com o PFC associado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication is very common in the small animal practice. This is due to the high prevalence of its use as a domestic pesticide and its purchase availability. These animals usually present secondary hemostatic defects, with a hemorrhage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological and hemostatic changes and the therapeutic response of dogs experimentally intoxicated by warfarin. Twenty eight adult dogs, males and females, were divided in two groups of 14 dogs: Group I (warfarin + vitamin K1) and Group II (warfarin + vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma). Dogs were intoxicated with sodium warfarin (30mg/kg) by the oral route and treated with vitamin K1 (1mg/kg) by the subcutaneous route. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administrated intravenously (10mL/kg). The CBC, platelet count, fibrinogen, bucal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT), clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APPT) and thrombin time (TT) were evaluated at seven moments: M0 (control), M1 (48h), M2 (72h), M3 (78h), M4 (96h), M5 (120h) and M6 (168h) pos-intoxication. Vitamina K1 administration was initiated immediately after M2 and repeated each 24 hours until the end of the experiment and the fresh frozen plasma was given only after M2. The results demonstrated that PT is the most sensible test for the follow up of warfarin toxicosis. APPT and CT also had been presented prolonged by the anticoagulation effect of the venom; therefore these three tests should be used together in the differential diagnosis of warfarin intoxication. Treatment with FFP associated to vitamin K1 promoted a considerable shortening on the time of coagulation tests, earlier than the treatment with the vitamin K1 alone. / Orientador: Regina Kiomi Takahira / Coorientador: Michiko Sakate / Banca: Raimundo Souza Lopes / Banca: Nayro Xavier de Alencar / Mestre

Orientador: Mario Roberto Hatayde / Banca: Julio Carlos Canola / Banca: Adriana Coelho de Souza / Resumo: Foram utilizadas 15 fêmeas ovinas, sem raça definida, alocadas em três grupos de cinco animais cada, com porcentagens de inclusão de 0,4% (G1), 0,6% (G2) e 1% (G3), de sementes de C. spectabilis trituradas e misturadas na ração, num período experimental de 28 dias. As colheitas de amostras sanguíneas e biópsias hepáticas para exame histológico seguiram o esquema: T0 (dia anterior à inclusão de sementes), T1 (7 dias após inclusão das sementes), T2 (14 dias após inclusão das sementes), T3 (21 dias após inclusão das sementes) e T4 (28 dias após inclusão das sementes). As amostras de tecido hepático foram obtidas através da técnica de biópsia percutânea com agulha de tipo tru-cut guiada por ultrassom. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), com auxílio do programa estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS-Versão 9.1). Os contrastes de média pelo teste de Tukey com 95% de confiabilidade (p<0,05). Clinicamente apenas um animal do G3 no 21° dia após a inclusão de sementes (T3) apresentou sinais clínicos de intoxicação por C. spectabillis. Os resultados dos parâmetros hematológicos mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade para a espécie. As atividades séricas das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina fosfoquinase (CK) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, enquanto gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) apresentou diferença significativa entre o G1 (33,66±25,8 U/L) e o G2 (67,3±14,8 U/L) ambos no momento controle (T0). À avaliação ultrassonográfica evidenciou-se alterações hepáticas ao longo de todo o período experimental sendo confirmadas pelos achados histológicos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Fifteen (15) ovine females, with no defined breed were alloted in three groups. Each group had five animals and different inclusion percentage of the Crotalaria spectabilis seeds, 0,4% (G1), 0,6% (G2) e 1% (G3). The seeds were grinded, mixed in the ration and supplied once/day to the animals through 28 days. Blood sampling and hepatic biopsies were accomplished as follows: T0 (day prior to intoxication), T1 (7 days after seed inclusion), T2 (14 days after inclusion), T3 (21 days after inclusion) and T4 (28 days after inclusion). Hepatic tissue samples were obtained by the percutain biopse technique with tru-cut needles guided by ultrasound. Results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) aided by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS-Versão 9.1). The means contrasts were accomplished by Tukey test, with 95% of reliability (p<0,05). Only one (1) animal from G3 on the 21st day after seed inclusion (T3) showed clinical signs of intoxication. Hematological parameters stayed within normality range for ovine species. Serum activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) did not show significant difference between groups, while gama-glutamyl tranferase (GGT) showed difference between G1 (33,66±25,8 U/L) and G2 (67,3±14,8 U/L), both in the control moment (T0). Ultrasound examination evidenced hepatic alterations during the whole experimental period which was confirmed by histological findings. It was concluded that both hemogram and hepatic function analysis isolated has no diagnostic value in C.spectabillis intoxication in sheep being necessary to perform some complementary exams, like ultrasound examination and percutain hepatic biopse / Mestre

Resumo: lpomoea asarifolia é uma planta tóxica da familia Convolvulaceae, amplamente distribuida no Brasil, especialmente nas regides Norte e Nordeste. Para compreender os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da intoxicagao, 25 ovinos foram distribuidos em cinco grupos que receberam 25% (Cl), 50% (G2), 75% (G3) e 100% (G4) de inclusäo da planta na alimentação. 0 quinto grupo (G5) tambêm recebeu 100%, mas, diferentemente do G4, o fornecimento foi interrompido após a manifestacäo clinica da intoxicação. Realizou-se exame fisico durante 30 dias, iniciando imediatamente antes do fornecimento de I. asarifolia para os grupos G1 a G4 e depois da intoxicacão para o G5. A cada cinco dias foram colhidas amostras de sangue para exames hematológicos e bioquimicos. Dois animais de cada grupo foram submetidos necropsia, colhendo-se amostras de figado, rim e encêfalo para exame histopatológico. Constatou-se mortalidade elevada entre os grupos Cl a G4 e todos os animais do G5 se recuperaram entre três a sete dias após a suspensäo do consumo da planta. Os sinais clinicos iniciaram a partir do segundo dia da ingestão, caracterizando-se por ranger de dentes, hiperemia de membrana mucosa conjuntival, excitabilidade, tremor, desequilibrio e queda. 0 hemograma mostrou variageies discretas. 0 perfil bioquimico indicou que as atividades das enzimas hepaticas nao foram influenciadas pelas lesbes de figado, constatadas ao exame histológico. 0 proteinograma revelou ate 31 proteinas, corn pesos moleculares entre 19.160 e 250.500 Da, corn destaque para os valores de transferrina e de al-glicoproteina acida. Constatou-se degeneracäo hidrópica de hepatócitos, necrose tubular renal discreta, porêm difusa e vacuolizacao intracitoplasmatica de neurônios. A intoxicacão de ovinos por I. asarifolia foi dependente do percentual de sua inclusäo na dieta. / Abstract: Ipomoea asarifolia is a toxic plant belonged to Convolvulaceae family widespread in Brazil, especially in the north and northeast regions. To understand the intoxication physiopathologic mechanisms, 25 sheep were distributed in 5 groups where they received 25% (G1), 50% (G2), 75% (G3) and 100% (G4) of the plant as source of food. The fifth group (G5) received also 100% of!. asarifolia but, differently of the G4 the intake was interrupted just after a clinic intoxication manifestation. Physical exams were done through 30 days, starting immediately before the I. asarifolia from G1 to G4 and after intoxication to G5. In each five days blood samples were collected for hematologic and biochemical exams. Two animals from each group were submitted to necropsy collecting liver, kidney, and brain samples to histopathologic exams. A high mortality was observed among the G1 to G4 and all G5 animals recovered themselves from three to seven days after /. asarifolia ingestion suppression. The clinic signs started from the second day of ingestion, characterized by gnash, conjunctival mucous membrane hyperemia, excitability, shaking, lost of equilibrium, and falling. Hemogram showed discrete variations. The biochemical profile indicated that the hepatic enzymes activities were not influenced by the liver damage presented in the histological exam. The proteinogram revealed up to 31 proteins, molecular weigh from 19,160 to 250,500 Da, highlighting the transferrin and al-acid glycoprotein levels. Hepatocyte hydropic degeneration was observed, discrete renal tubular necrosis and neuron intracitoplasmatic vacuolization. The sheep intoxication by!. asarifolia was dependent of its percentage inclusion in the diet. / Orientador: José Jurandir Fagliari / Coorientador: Mário Roberto Hatayde / Banca: Francisca Neide Costa / Banca: Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti / Banca: Antonio Carlos Alessi / Banca: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Doutor

The theoretical part of the thesis reveals the history of Cannabis, gives basic characteristics of Cannabis-based drugs and their sorts. Hereafter, the active substances of marihuana and manifestations of intoxication are quoted. The main emphasis is put on the description of risks related to the use of this soft drug. The medical, mental and social risks are commented. One chapter is dedicated to applicable legislation. Consecutively, various approaches of drug politics and its specifics are mentioned. The attention is also paid to the prevention and subsequently te the assistance to the drug users. The practical part of thesis is focused on the public and professional opinion referring to the possible risks of marihuana use. The attention is paid to the general attitude to this drug as well. Subsequently, the opinions of both contrary parties are compared.

ABSTRACT Addictive drugs are all around us and they have become a part of our lives. The issue of drug abuse is of critical importance, global, and difficult to solve. Typically, drugs are categorized as tolerated or not tolerated by society, and more or less risky. It is vital, therefore, to know the attitude of public to the issue. Lots of drug abuse causes have already been revealed, just like the reasons why some users develop addiction while others do not. In all probability the abuse of drugs or the addiction development cannot be put down to a single background factor. Everything will depend on personality traits of the individual, on his or her environmental conditions, and on specific effects of the drug. Since I take much interest in these issues, I have chosen for my thesis the subject of Public awareness of drug abuse issues in the District of České Budějovice. I investigated what people knew about drug abuse at the District where I live; their opinions of drug abuse; whether they believed that drug abuse deteriorated social position of an individual; whether they believed it boosted the rate of crime; if people were informed about facilities assisting recovery from drug addiction within the District of České Budějovice; and, last but not least, whether they suspected what drugs could come in their way here. The thesis aimed to examine what people knew about the drug abuse issues in the České Budějovice District. This objective has been met. Fifty three percent of respondents were found well informed on the subject, while the remaining 47% lacked the information. The survey was to prove or disprove hypothesis that the public was unaware of organizations providing help to drug addicts - the hypothesis was not confirmed since 51% of respondents were informed about the relevant organizations and 49% were not. Another hypothesis predicted that the public could not tell the illegal drugs from the legal ones - it was not confirmed as the public was found sufficiently informed. The hypotheses expecting the public to believe that drug abuse drives crime and deteriorates the addict's social position were confirmed by the bulk of respondents living in the District of České Budějovice. Ninety nine percent of the respondents believed the drug abuse pushed up the crime rate and 95% were of the opinion that it affected the addict's social position. As follows from the survey, the public in the České Budějovice District was relatively well informed of the drug abuse issues, though the differences encountered between awareness and unawareness of the subject were just minor. I intend to release the thesis as an information source for the general public(in the form of brochures, internet publications or periodicals); moreover, I want to offer the results to organizations engaged in the drug abuse treatment and to students of the University of South Bohemia to serve as training material. The public will find a wealth of important drug-related information in the paper, while the addiction treating organizations will be prompted to fill the gaps still existing in information available to the general public.

Suicide as an individual event as well as a social phenomenon attracts great interest and attention in various spheres, both in the immediate environment of the self-murderer and in broader public. The definition of suicide differs according to authors and changes in the course of historical development. Most definitions are identical in two essential aspects of suicidal behavior. These are a voluntary individual's intention to terminate his life and a purposeful behaviour leading to death. Suicide is the conscious and intentional killing of oneself. About 95% of suicidal attempts are just acute intoxications by any amount or kind of a poisonous substance. Acute intoxication belongs to a group of serious conditions threatening human health and life. Acute poisoning is one of the frequent admission diagnoses in the Departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation and Intensive care units. 80% of poisonings are caused by drugs. Damage to the organism by ingesting a poisonous substance is the more significant the longer is the interval between the exposure to noxae and the professional medical assistance provision. For the future fate of the patient the medical equipment and the competence of health professionals who provide intensive care for these patients is crucial. After stabilization of all physiological functions, balancing inner environment of the patient and after the time that may have led to late complications of intoxication, the following phase of treatment is provided by psychological and psychiatric interventions. Determination of suicidal risk among the most common challenge in urgent psychiatry is suicide risk assessment. The aim is to prevent further suicide attempts. The objective of the thesis was to determine, with regard to the competence of nurses, the predominant character of patients´ experience after intoxication, and also the reasons for aggressive behavior of intoxicated patients towards the nursing staff. The third objective was to establish a standard of nursing care of intoxicated patients. The research was designed as explorative with the goal to map the nursing process in intoxicated patients and to provide information for the establishment of the standard of nursing care, which should include both somatic and psychological aspects. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined. The outcomes of the thesis should lead to detection of the most frequent problems in nursing care for patients with intentional intoxication with suicidal tendency and the establishment of nursing standards to help improve the care of these patients.