Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-01T16:02:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Heloise da Silva Almeida.pdf: 1679068 bytes, checksum: 41dfbddddc98490ed23f15614d7f0173 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T16:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Heloise da Silva Almeida.pdf: 1679068 bytes, checksum: 41dfbddddc98490ed23f15614d7f0173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Thiloa glaucocarpa in the semiarid Northeast of the Brazil. Technical visits to various properties in two municipalities of Paraíba and in two municipalities of Pernambuco eight adult cattle naturally poisoned by T. glaucocarpa were examined and these, five were necropsied. The disease lasted on average 8-12 days. The main clinical signs consisted of apathy, anorexia, dehydration, dry nose and progressive weight loss, ascites, subcutaneous edema, dryness of rumen, reticulum, omasum contents. At necropsy, the lesions consisted of a significant accumulation of fluid in the abdominal and thorax cavity, pulmonary edema, subcutaneous mesentery, perirenal tissue and abomasal folds edema. Histologically, the main lesions consisted of epithelial coagulation necrosis of renal convoluted tubules with presence of amorphous eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. The diagnosis of poisoning by T. glaucocarpa was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological evaluation, renal serum biochemistry and plant identification in the areas of cattle pastures. After the start of the rainy season in this region, T. glaucocarpa is the main toxic plant responsible for significant economic losses. Since there is no effective treatment for animals with renal failure, prophylaxis of intoxication is recommended that the animals must be removed from the areas where the plant grows in the period after the first rains. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicopatológicos da intoxicação por Thiloa glaucocarpa no semiárido Nordestino. Durante visitas técnicas a diversas propriedades em dois municípios do Agreste do Estado da Paraíba e em dois municípios da Zona da Mata Setentrional do Estado de Pernambuco. Oito bovinos adultos, naturalmente intoxicados por T. glaucocarpa foram examinados e destes, cinco foram necropsiados. A evolução da doença durou em média 8-12 dias. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em apatia, anorexia, desidratação, narinas ressecadas e perda progressiva de peso, ascite, edemas subcutâneos, ressecamento dos conteúdos do rúmen, reticulo, omaso e ampola retal, com fezes sob a forma de cíbalos. À necropsia, as lesões consistiam em significativo acúmulo de líquido na cavidade abdominal, torácica e saco pericárdico, edema pulmonar, edemas subcutâneos, de mesentério, tecido perirrenal e pregas do abomaso. Histologicamente, as principais alterações foram observadas nos rins e consistiam em necrose de coagulação do epitélio dos túbulos contorcidos renais com presença de material eosinofílico amorfo no lúmen dos túbulos. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por T. glaucocarpa foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos, achados de necropsia, avaliação histopatológica, bioquímica sérica renal e identificação da planta nas áreas de pastagens de bovinos. Após o início do período chuvoso nessa região, T. glaucocarpa é responsável por perdas econômicas significantes. Como não há um tratamento efetivo para os animais que apresentam falência renal, na profilaxia da intoxicação recomenda-se que os bovinos sejam removidos das áreas onde a planta vegeta no período após as primeiras chuvas.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-14T15:16:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kilder Henrique Guimaraes Alves.pdf: 610195 bytes, checksum: f77f942b9f6fec9c41704abdd022e4a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T15:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kilder Henrique Guimaraes Alves.pdf: 610195 bytes, checksum: f77f942b9f6fec9c41704abdd022e4a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Ten Santa Inês lambs were used to study the effects of cumulative copper poisoning and the treatment with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) on clinical profile, blood gas and oxidative metabolism. The lambs were drenched with increasing doses of copper sulfate until the onset of macroscopic hemoglobinuria. So the lambs were randomly distributed in two groups of five sheep each and treated (TTM) or not (C) with tetrathiomolybdate (3.4 mg/kg BW/ per day, for four days). All sheep C succumbed in four days of hemoglobinuria, while only one lamb died in the other group. The poisoning caused a typical clinical picture, creating major changes in various clinical parameters, together with determination of metabolic disorder, characterized by respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. With regard to the framework toxic oxidative metabolism caused intense formation of free radicals, showing a high serum malondialdehyde, reduction in the level of erythrocyte glutathione reduced, and increased the capacity anti-oxidant in plasma. High copper concentration in blood resulted in larger lipoperoxidation. The appropriate use of TTM in this status provided reduction in the formation of free radicals, increased the concentration of reduced erythrocyte glutathione, and also promoted gradual improvement of the clinical signs, clinical and gasometrical profile. / Para avaliar a influência da intoxicação cúprica cumulativa e do seu tratamento com tetratiomolibdato de amônia (TTM) no perfil clínico, hemogasométrico e metabolismo oxidativo, foram utilizados 10 cordeiros da raça Santa Inês que receberam doses crescentes de sulfato de cobre, até o surgimento de hemoglobinúria macroscópica. Neste momento foram distribuídos ao acaso cinco ovinos para cada um dos dois grupos; o primeiro foi mantido como controle (C) e o grupo subseqüente (TTM) tratado diariamente, no decorrer de quatro dias, com 3,4 mg TTM por kg de peso vivo. Todos os ovinos do grupo C sucumbiram no decorrer de quatro dias, enquanto que tal fato só ocorreu em um animal tratado com TTM. A intoxicação provocou um quadro clínico típico, gerando grandes alterações em diferentes parâmetros físicos, concomitantemente com determinação de distúrbio metabólico, caracterizado por acidose respiratória e alcalose metabólica. No tocante ao metabolismo oxidativo o quadro tóxico provocou intensa formação de radicais livres, representada por elevada concentração sérica de malondialdeído, redução no teor de glutationa reduzida eritrocitária, embora tenha aumentado a capacidade antioxidante no plasma. Quanto maior foi à concentração de cobre livre no sangue maior foi a lipoperoxidação. O uso adequado de TTM na intoxicação cúprica cumulativa em ovinos propiciou redução na formação de radicais livres, aumento da glutationa reduzida eritrocitária, melhora gradual do quadro clínico e dos sinais clínicos e hemogasométrico.

Orientador: Aguinaldo Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelVecchio_FabricioBoscolo_M.pdf: 642817 bytes, checksum: aa5112c638dffd807f1b809f4c76bf0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Uma das agressões à biologia humana que desafia a relação saúde-doença no âmbito coletivo do mundo do trabalho é constituída pela contaminação do mercúrio metálico em nosso meio. Ela se dá através da aspiração dos vapores, ingestão de pequenas quantidades ou mesmo pelo contato dérmico. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo explorar o desenvolvimento de linha de pesquisa pioneira em nosso meio de aplicação da atividade física sistemática para a reabilitação de trabalhadores intoxicados ocupacionalmente com mercúrio na Grande São Paulo ¿ SP. Especificamente, tratou-se de mensurar possíveis alterações existentes no interior dessa população quanto à qualidade de vida e capacidades físicas. Para tal, formou-se grupo de pesquisa composto por quatorze mulheres e 33 homens, de 21 a 57 anos de idade, com média de 41,7, trabalhadores urbano-industriais da Grande São Paulo, intoxicados por Hg. Procedeu-se anotação das queixas clínicas dos doentes através de solicitação dirigida não indicativa em procedimento de consulta médica; aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida (QV), o SF36, bem como realização de avaliações referentes à força muscular, que geraram o índice motor (IM), coordenação motora de membros superiores e inferiores e equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Os resultados obtidos são indicados no plano descritivo através de distribuição de freqüência com medidas de centralidade e de posição; as inferências foram testadas pela prova de qui-quadrado e pela correlação linear de Spearman. Para a Regressão Múltipla, procedeu-se análise dos valores absolutos das variáveis dependentes (domínios do SF36), levando-se em consideração as independentes, idade, sexo, força muscular, coordenação motora e equilíbrio. Adotou-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Constata-se que a percepção subjetiva da QV é inferior às de outros grupos populacionais em que o referido instrumento tem sido aplicado, destacadamente doentes coronarianos e ex-combatentes da Guerra do Golfo. Embora situações com relevante déficit funcional tenham ocorrido, não foram encontradas de forma sistemática nesta investigação. Em geral, pode-se apontar que os participantes não apresentam prejuízos destacados nas origens nervosas e conseqüentes inervações musculares, expressam boa quantidade de força para os testes executados e IM de 96; com relação às diferenças de gênero para esta prova, os homens demonstraram significativa superioridade, observou-se adicionalmente que pessoas mais idosas têm menores escores nos testes e menor IM. Acerca da coordenação motora, identificou-se baixo desempenho em apenas três das 36 provas adotadas, sendo que o melhor nível de rendimento foi acompanhado em 85,63% dos casos. A respeito do equilíbrio, deficiências estão presentes em nove das 13 avaliações, no entanto, 95,42% das respostas estão dentro da normalidade. Encontrou-se forte interação entre força muscular e domínios propostos pelo SF36, em especial no sexo masculino. A coordenação motora se mostrou relevante para a Vitalidade e a capacidade de equilíbrio apresenta relação negativa com alguns domínios do componente mental / Abstract: One of the aggressions to human biology, which challenges health-disease relationship within labor collective world, is represented by metallic mercury contamination in our environment. It is related to vapors breathing, small amounts intake or even to dermal contact. The purpose of this study is to explore the research line development, which is pioneer in our environment of systematic physical activity application for the rehabilitation of occupationally mercury-intoxicated workers in São Paulo Metropolitan Region ¿ SP. It was specifically related to the assessment of possible changes within this population, as to quality of life and physical capabilities. A research group of Hg-intoxicated urban-industrial workers in São Paulo Metropolitan Region, constituted by 14 women and 33 men, being 21 to 57 years old, with an average age of 41.7, was created. Patients clinical complains have been noted, through a non-indicative directed request, during a medical examination; quality of life (QL) questionnaire, SF36, was applied, and muscular strength assessments have been carried out, generating motor index (MI), motor coordination of upper and lower members and static and dynamic equilibrium. Results obtained are indicated in the descriptive plan, through frequency distribution with centering-feature and position measures; inferences were tested by Q-square essay and Spearman linear correlation. For Multiple Regression, the analysis of dependent variables absolute values was carried out (SF 36 fields), taking into account the independent ones, age, sex, muscular strength, motor coordination and equilibrium. p<0,05 was adopted as significance level. It can be remarked that QL subjective perception is lower than for other population groups to which referred instrument has been applied, mainly coronary patients and Gulf Was veterans. Although situations presenting a relevant functional deficit have occurred, they were not systematically found in this investigation. Generally, it can be pointed out that participants do not present outstanding nervous damages et consequent muscular innervations, they show a good strength amount for tests performed and MI of 96; as to sex differences in this essay, men presented a significantly higher performance, it was also remarked that older people show lower scores during tests and lower MI. Concerning motor coordination, low performance was only identified in three of 36 essays adopted, best performance level being followed in 85.63% of the cases. As to equilibrium, deficiencies are present in nine of 13 assessments; nevertheless 95.42% of answers are with normal parameters. A strong interaction between muscular strength and fields proposed by SF36 could also be noticed, especially for males. Motor coordination was relevant for Vitality and equilibrium capability presents a negative relation with some mental component fields / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

There are many studies conducted on cognitive performance and of different aspects that can affect the performance. However, the literature review reveal that there is a knowledge gap in the area of measurements for bicycle stability and in how bicycle stability is affected during acute alcohol intoxication. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate if different group characteristics such as cycling experience, physical activity, sensation-seeking, or previous alcohol habits have an effect on bicycle performance or executive functions during acute alcohol intoxication. The method of the study was to measure stability while bicycling on a tread-mill and give participants doses of alcohol until a Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) level of approximately 0.8‰ was reached. The results showed that cognitive performance was almost unaffected for the different groups studied. The results of bicycle stability were almost equal in effect of time among the four different group characteristics in both Roll and YAW measurements. Three of the group characteristics showed a main effect or a tendency for interaction effect of group by time. The conclusion is that the measure of Roll, the vertical orientation on a bicycle, maybe is the most effective stability measurement for bicycles.

No description available.

Cholera toxin (CT) is a bacterial protein toxin responsible for the gastrointestinal disease known as cholera. CT stimulates its own entry into intestinal cells after binding to cell surface receptors. Once internalized, CT is delivered via vesicle-mediated transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the CTA1 subunit dissociates from the rest of the toxin and is exported (or translocated) into the cytosol. CTA1 translocates from the ER lumen into the host cytosol by exploiting a host quality control mechanism called ER-associated degradation (ERAD) that facilitates the translocation of misfolded proteins into the cytosol for degradation. Cytosolic CTA1, however, escapes this fate and is then free to activate its target, heterotrimeric G-protein subunit alpha (Gsα), leading to adenlyate cyclase (AC) hyperactivation and increased cAMP concentrations. This causes the secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen. The result is severe diarrhea and dehydration which are the major symptoms of cholera. CTA1’s ability to exploit vesicle-mediated transport and ERAD for cytosolic entry demonstrates a potential link between cholera intoxication and a separate quality control mechanism called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which up-regulates vesicle-mediated transport and ERAD during ER stress. Other toxins in the same family such as ricin and Shiga toxin were shown to regulate the UPR, resulting in enhanced intoxication. Here, we show UPR activation by CT, which coincides with a marked increase in cytosolic CTA1 after 4 hours of toxin exposure. Drug induced-UPR activation also increases CTA1 delivery to the cytosol and increases cAMP concentrations during intoxication. We investigated whether CT stimulated UPR activation through Gsα or AC. Chemical activation of Gsα induced the UPR and increased CTA1 delivery to the cytosol. However, AC activation did iv not increase cytosolic CTA1 nor did it activate the UPR. These data provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms that cause cholera intoxication and suggest a novel role for Gsα during intoxication, which is UPR activation via an AC-independent mechanism

Sexual violence towards women on a college campus have remained an issue the past few decades, with about one out of every four female students becoming a victim of it (Rosoff, 2018). Coupled with high rates of binge-drinking on college campuses (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2021), it can be argued that now, more than ever, that attention needs to be drawn to how females can try to be aware of strategies to help combat such predators. Previous research also shows a link between functionally inhibiting drugs referred to as "roofies" that can be slipped into the drink of an unsuspecting victim (Crawford & Birchmeier, 2008). Based on the researchers' understanding of previous studies, there is a gap in knowledge in how frequently these roofieing events occur in situations that do not lead to sexual assault and look different behaviors study participants may be implementing to protect themselves. Researchers were able to recruit 156 participants to compare the relationships between a group of 128 participants who had not experienced non-consensual drug intoxication before and 28 participants who had in their perceptions and behaviors of binge-drinking and alcohol use disorder, risk-taking and risk assessment, safeguarding against alcohol and drug intoxication, and perceptions of participants towards non-consensual drug intoxication. Independent sample t-tests of each variable demonstrated that there was a relationship between being non-consensually drugged and risk-taking and risk assessment behaviors, but no relationship was found between non-consensual drug intoxication experience and binge-drinking, safeguarding against drug and alcohol intoxication, and perceptions towards non-consensual drug intoxication.

L’article 33.1 est une disposition du Code criminel qui vise à interdire l’utilisation de la défense d’intoxication extrême à l’encontre d’infractions violentes d’intention générale. La première version de cette disposition avait été ajoutée au Code criminel en 1995 en réaction à l’arrêt Daviault où la Cour suprême avait reconnu pour la première fois que l’état d’intoxication extrême pouvait constituer une défense admissible en droit pénal canadien. En adoptant cette disposition, le Parlement voulait s’assurer que les personnes qui avaient commis des crimes violents d’intention générale ne puissent invoquer leur état d’intoxication pour s’exonérer de leur responsabilité. Pendant plus de 25 ans, cette première version aura force de loi, mais en mai 2022 la Cour suprême rend l’arrêt Brown dans lequel elle déclare son inconstitutionnalité. En moins de six semaines, le Parlement adopte une nouvelle version de l’article 33.1 qui devrait, selon lui, corriger les lacunes de l’ancienne version et combler le vide juridique laissé par sa déclaration d’inconstitutionnalité. L’objet ultime du présent mémoire est donc d’évaluer si le nouveau libellé de l’article 33.1 du Code criminel sera en mesure d’atteindre les objectifs que le Parlement s’était fixés lors de son adoption. / Section 33.1 is a provision of the Criminal Code that is intended to prohibit the use of the defense of extreme intoxication against violent offences of general intent. The first version of this provision was added to the Criminal Code in 1995 in response to Daviault decision, where the Supreme Court recognized for the first time that a state of extreme intoxication could constitute an admissible defense in Canadian criminal law. By adopting this provision, Parliament wanted to ensure that people who had committed violent crimes of general intent could not invoke their state of intoxication to exonerate themselves from their responsibility. For more than 25 years, this first version will have the force of law, but in May 2022, the Supreme Court renders Brown judgement in which it declares its unconstitutionality. In less than six weeks, Parliament adopted a new version of article 33.1 which, in its view, should correct the shortcomings of the old version and fill the legal void left by its declaration of unconstitutionality. The ultimate purpose of this brief if therefore to assess whether the new wording of section 33.1 of the Criminal Code will be able to achieve the objectives that Parliament set for itself when it was adopted.

No description available.

Le charbon activé est l'agent le plus fréquemment recommandé pour la décontamination gastro-intestinale des enfants empoisonnés en Amérique du Nord. Pourtant, ses risques et bénéfices dans la population pédiatrique sont insuffisamment documentés dans les écrits scientifiques, et son efficacité est incertaine. À défaut de données probantes, nous avons réalisé trois études pour évaluer l'usage du charbon activé dans une population pédiatrique empoisonnée. 1. La première étude visait à valider l'utilisation du *Poisoning Severity Score* pour évaluer la gravité de l'intoxication et la progression de la toxicité dans une population pédiatrique empoisonnée par une substance carbo-adsorbable ; 2. La seconde étude avait pour objectifs de décrire la fréquence d'utilisation du charbon activé, d'évaluer les déterminants potentiels de son administration, et d'estimer l'association entre la décontamination par charbon activé et les issues cliniques des enfants empoisonnés par une substance carbo-adsorbable, telles que la progression de la toxicité ; 3. La troisième étude visait à synthétiser les connaissances sur l'effets des additifs de goût pour améliorer la palatabilité du charbon activé. Les deux premières études rétrospectives multicentriques utilisaient des données de patients pédiatriques ayant consulté à l'urgence de trois centres hospitaliers du Québec entre 2013 et 2016 dans les douze heures suivant l'ingestion d'une dose potentiellement toxique d'une substance carbo-adsorbable. La première étude observationnelle rétrospective menée chez les 0 à 17 ans a permis de valider l'utilisation du *Poisoning Severity Score* à des fins de recherche en toxicologie clinique, avec une bonne fiabilité inter-évaluateurs. Des modèles de régression logistique ont permis d'étudier sa capacité discriminante et sa calibration. La comparaison de la performance du *Poisoning Severity Score* à celle du *Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score* (PELODS) suggère que le PSS est plus adapté que le PELODS pour caractériser la gravité de l'intoxication et la progression de la toxicité dans notre population d'étude. La seconde étude de cohorte rétrospective multicentrique, effectuée chez les 0-5 ans, nous a permis de mesurer que le charbon activé a été utilisé pour décontaminer 24% (IC 95% 19 à 29%) des enfants empoisonnés par une substance carbo-adsorbable au Québec. Majoritairement, ces enfants se sont présentés à l'urgence en étant pas ou peu symptomatiques. La plupart d'entre eux n'ont pas expérimenté de progression de la toxicité majeure, comme le reflètent les mesures du *Poisoning Severity Score*. Dans les trois centres hospitaliers québécois où notre population d'étude a consulté, un délai post-ingestion court (< 90 minutes) était l'indication privilégiée pour l'administration du charbon. La présence de comorbidités et d'un score PELODS intermédiaire ou élevé étaient également associés à une probabilité plus grande de décontamination par charbon activé. Les enfants traités par charbon présentaient une diminution de 30% du risque d'augmentation de la toxicité durant les 12 premières heures, mais une probabilité deux fois plus élevée d'être admis à l'hôpital ou aux soins intensifs, et d'avoir une durée de séjour de 12 heures et plus. Cependant, ces différences avec les enfants non décontaminés n'étaient pas statistiquement significatives dans notre cohorte, rendant les résultats de cette comparaison non concluants. Finalement, notre troisième étude était une revue systématique de la littérature, qui nous a permis d'observer que peu d'études de bonne qualité méthodologique ont été consacrées à l'effet des additifs de goût sur la palatabilité du charbon. Cette pratique est pourtant largement répandue dans les milieux de soins pour optimiser la décontamination gastrointestinale par charbon activé. L'utilisation d'additifs de goût tels que le cola ou le chocolat pourrait être une solution facilement accessible pour optimiser la décontamination par charbon activé chez les enfants empoisonnés, mais les connaissances actuelles sont insuffisantes pour soutenir cette pratique. En conclusion, cette thèse a permis de collecter des informations sur les pratiques d'utilisation du charbon activé dans une population pédiatrique empoisonnée par une substance carbo-adsorbable. Nos résultats contribueront à l'élaboration du protocole d'un essai clinique randomisé multicentrique pancanadien visant à évaluer l'efficacité du charbon activé dans cette population. / Activated charcoal is the most frequently recommended agent for gastrointestinal decontamination of poisoned children in North America. However, itsrisks and benefits in the pediatric population are insufficiently documented in the scientific literature, and its effectiveness is uncertain. In the absence of evidence, we conducted three studies to evaluate the use of activated charcoal in a pediatric poisoned population. 1. The first study aimed to validate the use of the Poisoning Severity Score to assess the severity of intoxication and the toxicity progression in a pediatric population poisoned by a carbo-adsorbable substance; 2. The objectives of the second study were to describe the frequency of use of activated charcoal, to assess potential determinants of its administration, and to estimate the association between activated charcoal decontamination and clinical outcomes of children poisoned by a carbo-adsorbable substance, such as the toxicity progression; 3. The third study aimed to synthesize knowledge on the effects of taste additives to improve the palatability of activated charcoal. The first two retrospective multicenter studies used data from pediatric patients who visited the Emergency Department of three Québec hospital centers between 2013 and 2016 within twelve hours after ingesting a potentially toxic dose of a carbo-adsorbable substance. The first retrospective observational study conducted in children aged 0- to 17-years validated the use of the Poisoning Severity Score for clinical toxicology research purposes, with good inter-rater reliability. Logistic regression models were used to study its discrimination and calibration. Comparison of the performances of the Poisoning Severity Score with that of the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (PELODS) showed that the PSS is better suited than the PELODSto predict the severity of intoxication and the toxicity progression in our study population. The second retrospective multicenter cohort study, conducted in children aged 0 to 5 years, allowed us to measure that activated charcoal was used to decontaminate24% (95% CI 19 to 29%) of children poisoned by a carbo-adsorbable substance in Québec. Most of these children presented to the Emergency Department with little or no symptoms. They did not experience a significant toxicity progression, as reflected by the Poisoning Severity Score measures. In the three Québec hospital centers where our study population consulted, a short post-ingestion time (<90 minutes) was the preferred indication for activated charcoal administration. The presence of comorbidities and an intermediate or high PELODS were also associated with a greater likelihood of decontamination with activated charcoal. Charcoal-treated children had a 30% lower risk of increased toxicityin the first 12 hours, but twice the likelihood of being admitted to the hospital or intensive care unit, and of having a length of stay of 12 hours or more. However, these differences with non-decontaminated children were not statistically significant in our cohort, making the results of this comparison inconclusive. Finally, our third study was a systematic review of the literature, which allowed us to observe that few studies of good methodological quality have addressed the effect of taste additives on activated charcoal’s palatability. However, this practice is widely used to optimize gastrointestinal decontamination with oral activated charcoal in clinical care. The use of taste additives such as cola or chocolate could be a readily available solution to optimize activated charcoal decontamination in poisoned children. Still, current knowledge is insufficient to support this practice.In conclusion, this thesis has collected information on the use of activated charcoal in a pediatric population poisoned by a carbo-adsorbable substance. Our results will contribute to developing a protocol for a pan-Canadian multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of activated charcoal in this population.