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This bachelor thesis is about a stochastic inventory theory and how changes in different parameters affect the cost system. The inventory is based on a stochastic version of an economic quantity order (EOQ) model with planned shortages. For the deterministic EOQ-model with planned shortages there is a convenient formula for optimal order quantity $Q$ minimizing the cost per time unit. For the stochastic version an ($R$,$Q$)-policy is applied where $R$ is a reorder point such that if the inventory level is below $R$ and order is sent and the ordered products arrive after a lead time $L$. Since a formula for the stochastic inventory is not known, optimal choice of $Q$ is numerically obtained by simulations and compared with the optimal $Q$ for the deterministic EOQ with planned shortages. The demand is for simplicity described by a Poisson process. Since having a stochastic inventory model the basic mathematical EOQ formula is inadequate and is replaced with an approximate EOQ formula with planned shortages. By the simulations the accuracy of the EOQ model with planned shortages approximation is investigated and optimal values for some of the  parameters are obtained.

Background: Inventory control is a complex challenge that affects various activities on howinventory is controlled and managed. The management of inventory has a major impact on acompany's profitability and needs to be handled in different ways depending on the situationthe company is operating in. In order to improve operational inventory management forcompanies that have customer-unique products, high inventory availability and the desire forincreased inventory turnover rate, different aspects need to be addressed. Different items in acompany's assortment have different properties, and in order to control items in a goodassortment, a differentiation of the control can be developed. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find a way to improve Alutrade's operationalinventory control and theoretically contribute with an analysis of which classification basescompanies in a similar situation should analyse when a model for differentiated control isdeveloped. The study aims to differentiate different operational models to adapt to differentitem characteristics to achieve an increased inventory turnover rate. Method: This study is treated with a deductive approach and contains both a qualitative andquantitative research method. The empirical data collected during the study consists ofinterviews, observations, focus groups and excel documents from the company's businesssystem Jeeves for calculations. The data is collected through unstructured and semi-structuredinterviews and observations. Results: By analysing Alutrade's situation, various problems could be identified in theircurrent work regarding operational inventory control. To remedy these problems, differentclassification bases for a differentiated control were analysed. This is to develop a model thatcan provide the opportunity to increase the stock turnover rate based on Alutrade'sconditions. A classification of articles is presented and gives the opportunity to applydifferent operational layer certification methods to the 9 different categories. The differentiated control handles, among other things, methods for service level, crew pointsystem, EOQ and gives recommendations for how they should be applied for each category.Through this, Alutrade can work to increase its inventory turnover rate and prioritize itsefforts where they make the most sense. Through the application of relevant classificationbases, a framework for differentiated control can be developed and different operationalinventory control methods can then be adapted for each category and provide an increase inthe inventory turnover rate. Keyword: Inventory, operational inventory control, differentiated inventory control,inventory turnover rate, classification bases, order time, order quantity, safety stock, servicelevel, ABC-XYZ analysis / Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Lagerstyrning är en komplex utmaning som berör olikaaktiviteter om hur lager styrs och hanteras. Styrningen av lager har en stor påverkan påföretags lönsamhet och behöver hanteras på olika sätt beroende på i vilken situation företagetbefinner sig i. För att förbättra operativ lagerstyrning för företag som har kundunika artiklar,hög lagertillgänglighet och en önskan om ökad lageromsättningshastighet behöver olikaaspekter beröras. Olika artiklar i företags sortiment har olika egenskaper och för att styraartiklar på ett framgångsrikt sätt kan en differentiering av styrningen utvecklas. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är hitta ett sätt att förbättra Alutrades operativa lagerstyrningoch teoretiskt bidra med en analys om vilka klassificeringsgrunder, företag i liknandesituation bör analysera när en modell för differentierad styrning tas fram. Studien syftar tillatt differentiera olika operativa modeller för att anpassa till olika artikelegenskaper för attuppnå en ökad lageromsättningshastighet. Metod: Denna studie behandlas med ett deduktivt angreppssätt och innehåller både enkvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Den empiriska datan som inhämtats under studienutgörs av intervjuer, observationer, fokusgrupper och excelunderlag från företagetsaffärssystem Jeeves för beräkningar. Datan är inhämtad genom ostrukturerade ochsemistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer. Resultat: Genom att analysera Alutrades situation kunde olika problem identifieras i derasnuvarande arbete gällande operativ lagerstyrning. För att åtgärda dessa problem analyseradesolika klassificeringsgrunder för en differentierad styrning. Detta för att ta fram en modell somkan ge möjlighet att öka lageromsättningshastigheten utifrån Alutrades förutsättningar. Enklassificering av artiklar presenteras och ger möjlighet att tillämpa olika operativalagerstyrningsmetoder till de nio olika kategorierna. Den differentierade styrningen hanterarbland annat metoder för servicenivå, besättningspunksystem, EOQ och gerrekommendationer för hur de bör tillämpas för respektive kategori. Genom detta kan4Alutrade arbeta för att öka sin lageromsättningshastighet och prioritera sina insatser dit de görmest nytta. Genom en tillämpning av relevanta klassificeringsgrunder kan ett ramverk fördifferentierad styrning utvecklas och olika operativa lagerstyrningsmetoder kan därefteranpassas för respektive kategori och ge en ökning av lageromsättningshastigheten. Nyckelord: Lager, operativ lagerstyrning, differentierad lagerstyrning,lageromsättningshastighet, klassificeringsgrunder, ordertidpunkt, orderkvantitet,säkerhetslager, servicenivå, ABC-XYZ analys

The Mississippi Institute for Forest Inventory (MIFI) is the only cost-effective large-scale forest inventory system in the United States with sufficient precision for producing reliable volume/weight/biomass estimates for small working circle areas (procurement areas). When forest industry is recruited to Mississippi, proposed working circles may overlap existing boundaries of bordering states leaving a gap of inventory information, and a remote sensing-based system for augmenting missing ground inventory data is desirable. The feasibility of obtaining acceptable cubic foot volume estimates from a Landsat-derived volume estimation model (Wilkinson 2011) was assessed by: 1) an initial study to temporally validate Landsat-derived cubic foot volume outside bark to a pulpwood top estimates in comparison with MIFI ground truth inventory plot estimates at two separate time periods, and 2) re-developing a regression model based on remotely sensed imagery in combination with available MIFI plot data. Initial results failed to confirm the relationships shown in past research between radiance values and volume estimation. The complete lack of influence of radiance values in the model led to a re-assessment of volume estimation schemes. Data outlier trimming manipulation was discovered to lead to false relationships with radiance values reported in past research. Two revised volume estimation models using age, average stand height, and trees per-acre and age and height alone as independent variables were found sufficient to explain variation of volume across the image. These results were used to develop a procedure for other remote sensing technologies that could produce data with sufficient precision for volume estimation where inventory data are sparse or non-existent.

Preliminary plots are required when beginning a cruise for a timber sale in order to get an idea of how much variation in volume exists within the sale area. This variation is known as the coefficient of variation (CV) and is subsequently used to estimate the number of plots needed to implement the cruise to a desired level of accuracy (allowable error). By looking at a large number of sale inventories and finding similarities among key attributes (trees per acre, diameter at breast height and an estimate of variance), two models were derived based on simple stand observations to aid field personnel in determining a more accurate estimate of the CV. Furthermore, the models estimate the number of 1/10 acre plots needed to sample a stand to within a ± 10% allowable error at the 90% confidence level for total tonnage.

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How can I design a modern Folkets Hus with great respectfor the current and historical structures, based on an analysisof existing Folkets Hus buildings?During my project I have kept an open mind towards all the impressions Igathered during my site visits and conversations with knowledgeable people.This has led to changes in my project, as from being about creatinga new Folkets Hus, to reconstructing a Folkets Hus. I have learned that theFolkets Hus history certainly contains an architectural treasure, and in myproject I have tried to bring the existing qualities to the future.

Forests cover a large portion of the global land area and provide critical resources such as timber, food, and medicine in addition to playing a significant role in the global carbon cycle. As such, sustainable forest management practices are required to balance forest economies and climate change mitigation with other non-timber objectives. A key aspect of many sustainable forest management programs is forest monitoring, for which technological and methodological development has led to enhanced forest inventory (EFI) methods, many of which rely on remote sensing data from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical imagery. However, to date, current applications of EFI methods have mostly focused on timber attributes with limited research on non-timber attributes or analyses regarding multi-temporal monitoring, method scaling, or method transferability. The objective of this thesis is to expand applications of EFIs in monitoring and analysis through two distinct studies, first evaluating the utility of LiDAR-based EFI methods in multi-temporal silvicultural treatment assessment and secondly in the pre-harvest estimation of merchantable wood and non-merchantable wood left as logging residues. The first study evaluates a process that expands the sampling of fertilization treatment effects on forest stands to the wider treatment area by utilizing paired LiDAR blocks made up of raster cell estimates from a multi-temporal area-based model. Results showed promise for detecting treatment impacts on stand volume, biomass, and height and highlights the potential for the methods to be used as a means to rapidly expand analysis from sample plots to the entire treatment area. The second study focuses on the use of a hybrid area-based and individual tree EFI approach to model merchantable and non-merchantable forest wood volumes while exploring the scalability of these models to harvest blocks and the transferability to additional blocks without prior training. Results from this study indicated that models for both volume attributes are successfully scalable and transferable to harvest blocks. Overall, the research results presented in this thesis demonstrate the potential of enhanced forest inventory methods for the monitoring and assessment of timber attributes, such as wood volume or biomass, as well as alternative attributes, such as stand height, or non-merchantable wood volume, over multiple years. This work further demonstrates the potential for these methods to expand areas of assessment and increase prediction accuracies. / Graduate / 2022-08-17

The present study continues the long line of research addressing Person-Environment fit started by Frank Parsons a century ago and the construct of career satisfaction. Previous research emphasized Holland themes and specific occupational scales, with this study being the first to evaluate the higher order of personal style relating to job satisfaction. This study examined the capacity of the General Occupational Themes (GOTs) and Personal Style Scales (PSSs) of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory in predicting job satisfaction across 8 individual samples comprising 4,938 working adults. Sequential discriminant function analyses demonstrated that sets of hypothesized PSSs significantly distinguished between satisfied and dissatisfied workers beyond the six Holland themes in all 8 occupational samples. This research provided validation and support for the newly added Team Orientation PSS. It further provided support for demographic variables related to job satisfaction, including ethnicity, gender, age, and the reason for testing.

The purpose of this study was to develop and field test an audiovisual interest inventory suitable for use in group testing situations where known or suspected reading disabilities are extant in testees. The Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory was selected for use as a model in developing the audiovisual development.