Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Passau, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-280) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-332) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Wien, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-332) and index.

This study investigated the experience of involuntary membership in U.S. and Norwegian prisons. The purpose of the study was two-fold: 1) offer a comprehensive understanding of the construct of membership, and 2) develop a substantive, mid-range theory of involuntary membership (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Merton, 1968; Weick, 1974). The research questions posed were designed to clarify the experience of involuntary membership and included: What facets comprise involuntary membership?, In what ways do individuals describe the experience of involuntary membership?, and In what ways does Norwegian involuntary membership differ from U.S. involuntary membership in a prison setting? In order to answer these questions, I conducted 62 in-depth interviews in the United States and Norway with incarcerated individuals (n = 41), correctional officers (n = 10), wardens (n = 3), and prison teachers (n = 8). The interviews were dispersed across four separate prison facilities. I took a grounded theoretical approach to the data and used the constant comparative method in my analysis. Participants spoke about involuntary membership in relation to 10 distinct facets: Activities, Belongings, Body, Communication, Mind, Organizational Boundary Management, Space, Sound, Relationships, and Time. In addition, the participants in the study described their experience with involuntary membership in relation to their 1) responses to, and 2) outcomes of the phenomenon. Similarities and differences in the experience of involuntary membership between the United States and Norway were also discussed. The three-macro themes in this study came together to create a substantive, mid-range theory of involuntary membership in prisons. In order to explicate this theory, I offered a Process Model of Involuntary Membership and subsequently elucidated the theory using a structurational ontology (see Banks & Riley, 1993; Kirby & Krone, 2002) or worldview (Kilminster, 1991). This study contributes to communication research and theorizing by illuminating and addressing the limitations of previous scholarship. Theoretical implications and future research directions are also discussed. / text

The Baker Act is legislation that provides civil rights for individuals suspected of having a mental illness and may be in need of involuntary psychiatric evaluation. Its intent is to prevent the indiscriminate placement of individuals in residential treatment facilities and other restrictive placements. Referrals for involuntary psychiatric evaluation under Baker Act statutes have increased among children and adolescents in recent years, raising concerns related its use with this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between school based factors and the use of the Baker Act among children and adolescents. Results indicate that the use of the Baker Act is more prevalent receiving among the high school population, females, Other/mixed children and adolescents, and White children and adolescents. Multiple regression analyses indicated that school district variables (e.g., minority enrollment, graduation rates, out-of-school suspension, etc.) contributed to a statistically significant proportion of the variance in Baker Act ER rates and repeat Baker Act ER rates among the 67 counties in the state of Florida. The percent of students in a district that graduated with a standard diploma was the variables that most consistently contribute to a unique proportion of the variance in Baker Act ER and repeat Baker Act ER rates. The findings from the study have implications for the design of mental health and behavioral support systems for children and adolescents. Additional research is necessary to more closely examine the relationship between demographics, school related variables, and the use of the Baker Act.

<p>One image can have various functions for one individual (Nordin & Cumming, 2005).</p><p>Therefore this study took a qualitative approach to examine the following purposes: (1) To</p><p>examine ice hockey players’ understanding of imagery, (2) to examine ice hockey players</p><p>imagery experiences and (3) to examine ice hockey players’ strategies to improve their</p><p>imagery. Eleven elite ice hockey players (m = 23,09) participated in this study, they were</p><p>interviewed using the instrument IPIES (Weibull, 2008). The result showed that: (1) ten</p><p>players had a correct and limited understanding for the concept imagery, (2) ten players</p><p>experienced imagery and (3) all players in some way wanted improve their imagery. The</p><p>players experienced voluntary, spontaneous and involuntary imagery. Involuntary had a</p><p>negative effect that support previous findings by Weibull (2005), further this study</p><p>support Cumming and Hall (2002) that some athletes experience spontaneous imagery.</p><p>The results were discussed in relation to previous imagery research.</p>

One image can have various functions for one individual (Nordin & Cumming, 2005). Therefore this study took a qualitative approach to examine the following purposes: (1) To examine ice hockey players’ understanding of imagery, (2) to examine ice hockey players imagery experiences and (3) to examine ice hockey players’ strategies to improve their imagery. Eleven elite ice hockey players (m = 23,09) participated in this study, they were interviewed using the instrument IPIES (Weibull, 2008). The result showed that: (1) ten players had a correct and limited understanding for the concept imagery, (2) ten players experienced imagery and (3) all players in some way wanted improve their imagery. The players experienced voluntary, spontaneous and involuntary imagery. Involuntary had a negative effect that support previous findings by Weibull (2005), further this study support Cumming and Hall (2002) that some athletes experience spontaneous imagery. The results were discussed in relation to previous imagery research.

Abstract Recent years, owing to the changes of employment environment and structure of production industry, the problem of ¡§structural unemployment¡¨ is resulted in serious outgoing of the business to cause the ratio rising of unemployment. According to the latest data of National Statistics in 2002, the unemployment rate was high up to 5.17%, that is the top record since so many years. Facing to the difficult economic problem of Taiwan, our government needs to find out a solution for unemployment. Based on aforesaid motivation, by means of voluntary and involuntary leaving the job among unemployment people, this research studied from personal behavior, quality of work, and employment channel and applied the logistic regression to process the empirical analysis. The result proved that no matter for people who are voluntary or involuntary leaving the job, the successful reemployment rate is higher for those who are higher education, served in big company for service industry, and obtain the job from non-official channel. From this study, the result proves that the following suggestions are provided for business management and policy to the companies and government: 1. Establish a warning notification system: Advise early to the people who are going to be fired or dismissed and seek for another employment chance for them to lower down the strike of unemployment. 2. Retraining programming: Provide employees with re-training plan to cultivate them to have more specialization capability in the future new career whenever required for the business. As a result, they can be reemployment within a short time. 3. Responsibility of Enterpriser: Meet the demand for long or short term on manpower strategy and draft out a manpower plan for business operation to fit for economic interest outcomes and reasonable manpower application. 4. Establish lifelong learning environment: Set-up a mechanism to let employees return back to receive the education in schools and obtain more new knowledge through various learning for high potential power to cope with competitors. Also, let them free from afraid for the change of structure and leaving their job, so they can be reemployment easily under great confidence.

The capability of children and adults to activate the quadriceps femoris during the isometric workload Keywords: voluntary strength, involuntary strength, electro stimulation, muscles. Summary. In everyday activities human organism confronts different changes of characteristics of the muscle that can have impact on the efficiency of human work. There have been quite a few studies where during maximal voluntary strength single impulse stimulation was applied to the quadriceps femoris. The applications of single impulse twitch have lead to the suggestion that healthy human subjects could fully activate most of the skeletal muscles to which the technique had been applied. However, more recently twitch interpolation has revealed that even healthy adults routinely fail to fully activate a number of skeletal muscles despite apparently maximal effort. The observations have lead to the suggestion that the single interpolated electric impulse into the muscle can not accurately estimate voluntary activation. The purpose of the study. To determine and compare the capability to activate the quadriceps femoris muscle during the isometric workload in children and adults. The objectives of the study. 1. To determine children’s voluntary and involuntary strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. 2. To determine adults’ voluntary and involuntary strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. 3. To compare the activation of children and adults’ voluntary and involuntary strength of... [to full text]

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.