An information technology that can combine the physical world and virtual world is desired. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept system that uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), WSN and barcode scanners to sense and to detect physical objects and events. This information is shared with people on the Internet. With the announcement of the Smarter Planet concept by IBM, the problem of how to share this data was raised. However, the original design of WSN aims to provide environment monitoring and control within a small scale local network. It cannot meet the demands of the IoT because there is a lack of multi-connection functionality with other WSNs and upper level applications. As various standards of WSNs provide information for different purposes, a hybrid system that gives a complete answer by combining all of them could be promising for future IoT applications. This thesis is on the subject of `Federated Sensor Network' design and architectural development for the Internet of Things. A Federated Sensor Network (FSN) is a system that integrates WSNs and the Internet. Currently, methods of integrating WSNs and the Internet can follow one of three main directions: a Front-End Proxy solution, a Gateway solution or a TCP/IP Overlay solution. Architectures based on the ideas from all three directions are presented in this thesis; this forms a comprehensive body of research on possible Federated Sensor Network architecture designs. In addition, a fully compatible technology for the sensor network application, namely the Sensor Model Language (SensorML), has been reviewed and embedded into our FSN systems. The IoT as a new concept is also comprehensively described and the major technical issues discussed. Finally, a case study of the IoT in logistic management for emergency response is given. Proposed FSN architectures based on the Gateway solution are demonstrated through hardware implementation and lab tests. A demonstration of the 6LoWPAN enabled federated sensor network based on the TCP/IP Overlay solution presents a good result for the iNET localization and tracking project. All the tests of the designs have verified feasibility and achieve the target of the IoT concept.

Among the smart technologies - smart devices, smart cars, smart homes, smart cities - why has only the smartphone gained worldwide appeal? The aim of this paper is to explore the barriers faced by smart cities and smart homes, and highlight why the two applications of IoT have not gained significant traction despite a decade of promise. Significantly larger in scale than the smart home, the smart city is more constrained by the technical limits of IoT technology due to resource-limited nodes. Therefore this paper will explore the technical hurdles common in the smart city sphere and evaluate potential solutions. On the other side of the spectrum, the use of IoT in the home can be a deeply personal decision. From a business perspective, the smart home market grows increasingly crowded as ambitious entrepreneurs are all looking to claim a piece of an ever-expanding pie. The smart home section will strive to unpack these complex social and business dynamics, suggesting ways to expand and retain a larger user-base.

Dagens enkortsdatorer skiljer sig mycket i hårdvara. Prestandamässigt skiljer sig dessutom datorerna åt beroende på vilket operativsystem som används samt vilket programmeringsspråk och bibliotek som används för I/O kommunikation. Vi har testat Raspberry Pi 3 och Intel Galileo Gen 2 med operativsystemen Linux och Windows 10 IoT Core. Program för att mäta tidsåtgång vid digitala läsningar, digitala skrivningar, analoga läsningar, uppstart och skrivning till SD-kort har utvecklats. Resultaten från dessa visar stora skillnader mellan systemen och vilket som lämpar sig bäst beroende på tillämpning. Operativsystem, programmeringsspråk och bibliotek har valts med tanke på en övergång från Arduino-system som arbetar i realtid. Tester har därför också utförts på enkortsdatorn Arduino Mega 2560 för att ge en uppfattning om vad en sådan övergång skulle innebära. / The single-board computers of today differ greatly in hardware. Performance-wise the computers also differ depending on what operating system and what programming language with certain libraries that are being used for I/O communication. We have tested Raspberry Pi 3 and Intel Galileo Gen 2 with the operating systems Linux and Windows 10 IoT Core. Programs to measure the time it takes to perform the actions of digital writing, digital reading, analog reading, booting the system and writing to an SD-card have been developed. The results show big difference between the systems and what system to use for what purpose. Operating systems, programming languages and libraries have been chosen with consideration for a transfer from Arduino systems operating in real-time. Tests have also been conducted on the singleboard computer Arduino Mega 2560 to provide an understanding on what such a transfer would entail.

Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2016

IoT-devices are becoming more advanced and powerful than ever, and the applicationpotential is increasing rapidly. It is starting to become normal to have IoT-devices takingover mundane jobs such as controlling the climate at home, or monitoring e.g the water us-age of a household. These devices are usually constrained to be as cheap and primitive asthe task allows. Most of the time, they are only used to send collected data which only re-quires a one way secure channel. However, in order to apply updates or manage the deviceremotely, the communication has to be secured both ways. There are multiple suggestionson how a two way secure channel can be established while still operating on a constraineddevice. Each security specializes in its own area e.g privacy, scalability, or simplicity. Thispaper will describe how to implement the ACE-DTLS framework and analyze the perfor-mance with respect to energy consumption and security. While ACE-DTLS is quite simpleto implement without having to understand the complex math of a key exchange, it comeswith the cost of a high overhead in order to establish a secure two way connection. It mightnot be the best suited framework for small amount of data transfers available.

Twenty years ago, if someone said that every object could have its own identity, no one would agree and some might even think that was crazy. However, it turns out that the wild imagination is possible today. With the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is convenient to identify any objects with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and control the objects via the Internet. In the near future, people will even make the IoT network visible, thus all the information on the Internet can become dynamic and much easier to understand than numbers to be.   At the moment, Guiyang Municipal Science & Technology Bureau is planning to design and apply visualization technique to logistics, the focus of Guizhou Provincial logistic network in the IoT era. This is a good opportunity for different kinds of enterprises in theGuizhoudistrict or even in the whole country.   This thesis focuses on three problems, namely, discussion on the use of visualization techniques in IoT, the necessary preparation of manufacturing industry to join in the visible IoT and measures available that the government can adopt. The exploratory case study in this thesis is about the visualization technique in IoT in manufacturing industry in theGuizhouProvince. A company was selected for the case study to explore the situation inGuizhouProvince. The related information was collected through interviews with relevant personnel and observation in the company. To bring a clear view of the situation and provide enterprises with information for reference, SWOT analysis is adopted to evaluate the strength and weakness in both the internal and external environment. Those measures that government can take to promote its development include unification in standards, support in research and development of technology and emphasis on personal privacy.   The conclusion shows that the use of visualization techniques in IoT can promote information transmission both in effectiveness and efficiency, and control the supply chain as well as special processes in an efficient way. Discussions have been conducted on four techniques which are able to realize visualization, including GPS, RFID, bar code and machine vision. The preparation that needs to be done in a progressive way, of manufacturing enterprises mainly involves three aspects: equipment, system, and management; which have been discussed in detail in this study. Only totally combining the three aspects, not a single one can be omitted, can enterprises achieve the goal of growth in benefit and costs reduction through the use of IoT. Due to immaturity of the emerging network and technology, in the future, the IoT still has a long way to go. Certainly, we should not ignore the followed huge benefit and improvement that IoT can bring.

Inom en snar framtid kommer allt fler villaägare välja att skaffa elbil. Därigenom kommer det lokala elnätet att utsättas för stora utmaningar i form av oregelbunden belastning och potentiell överlast. Studien undersöker om man med mjukvara kan underlätta och få till stånd en effektstyrning av energi i lokalnätet, såväl som i den egna villan. Med hjälp av befintliga rapporter,webbfrågor och intervjuer kartläggs olika berörda aktörers inställning till, och beredskap för, attfördela last. En testbädd för att ta fram förslag till styrning på olika nivåer med fokus på villor, lokalnät och elbilar med laddplats har tagits fram. Testappar med olika grad av information och olika möjlighet till påverkan har knutits därtill.  En slutsats av arbetet är att effektstyrning måste ske och i ökande omfattning. I steg 1 kan det räcka att flytta användningen några timmar från eftermiddag till natt. Framöver när en stor andel fordon blir eldrivna behöver elnätsbolagen mer aktivt få styra sina elnätskunders effektuttag i tiden.

Use of legacy and wireless protocols in modern IoT The main goals of this work is implementation of an extension into Inthouse system which will allow remote control of widespread Modbus-enabled devices and creation of an in-house-made simple controller controllable via Bluetooth using simplified JSON RPC protocol and addition of its control support into Inthouse. The next step is to summarize each implementation focusing on its technical complexity and a business potential. This work uncovers interesting details from the implementation and explain causes why such implementation was used in a commercial environment.

abstract: Video capture, storage, and distribution in wireless video sensor networks (WVSNs) critically depends on the resources of the nodes forming the sensor networks. In the era of big data, Internet of Things (IoT), and distributed demand and solutions, there is a need for multi-dimensional data to be part of the Sensor Network data that is easily accessible and consumable by humanity as well as machinery. Images and video are expected to become as ubiquitous as is the scalar data in traditional sensor networks. The inception of video-streaming over the Internet, heralded a relentless research for effective ways of distributing video in a scalable and cost effective way. There has been novel implementation attempts across several network layers. Due to the inherent complications of backward compatibility and need for standardization across network layers, there has been a refocused attention to address most of the video distribution over the application layer. As a result, a few video streaming solutions over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) have been proposed. Most notable are Apple’s HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and the Motion Picture Experts Groups Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH). These frameworks, do not address the typical and future WVSN use cases. A highly flexible Wireless Video Sensor Network Platform and compatible DASH (WVSNP-DASH) are introduced. The platform's goal is to usher video as a data element that can be integrated into traditional and non-Internet networks. A low cost, scalable node is built from the ground up to be fully compatible with the Internet of Things Machine to Machine (M2M) concept, as well as the ability to be easily re-targeted to new applications in a short time. Flexi-WVSNP design includes a multi-radio node, a middle-ware for sensor operation and communication, a cross platform client facing data retriever/player framework, scalable security as well as a cohesive but decoupled hardware and software design. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017

Users share a large amount of information with modern platforms such as web platforms and social platforms for various services. However, they face the risk of information leakage because modern platforms still lack proper security policies. Existing security policies, such as permission systems and isolation, can help regulate information sharing. However, these policies have problems, such as coarse granularity, bad usability, and incompleteness, especially when new features are introduced. I investigate the security impacts of new features in web and mobile platforms and find design problems that lead to user information leakage. Based on these analyses, I propose design principles for permission systems that mediate how information should be shared in modern and emerging platforms, such as web and social platforms, to provide functionality with privacy preserved. I aim to design permission systems that only allow least-privilege information access. Specifically, I utilize program analysis and natural language processing to understand how applications use sensitive data and correlate these data with their functionality. With this understanding, I design schemes that ask for user consent about unexpected information access and automatically reduce overprivileged access. I provide guidelines for platform designers to build their permission systems according to respective adversary models and resources. In particular, I implement the new permission system for social platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that enable least-privilege information sharing. For the social platforms, I incorporate the primitives of Opaque handle, Opaque display, and User-driven access control (OOU) to design a least-privilege, user-friendly, developer-friendly, and feature-rich permission system. According to my study on Facebook, OOU can be applied to remove or replace 81.2% of sensitive permission instances without affecting functionality. For IoT platforms, I present a new authorization framework, SmartAuth, that supports user-centric, semantic-based authorization. SmartAuth automatically collects security-relevant information from an IoT application’s description, code, and annotations, and generates an authorization user interface to bridge the gap between the functionalities explained to the user and the operations the application actually performs.