Le développement, l'exploitation et la maintenance des systèmes urbains intelligents sont des tâches très complexes et impliquent de nombreux acteurs de différentes disciplines et domaines. Dans la plupart des cas, ces systèmes se trouvent à différentes phases de conception, de déploiement et d'exploitation, c'est-à-dire à différentes phases de leur cycle de vie. Par conséquent, les concepts de gestion du cycle de vie sont très importants pour mieux gérer le développement des villes intelligentes en tant qu'écosystème complet à travers les différentes phases du cycle de vie. Cet argument est étayé par les résultats de notre enquête sur les villes intelligentes, où les informations récoltées des parties prenantes interrogées prouvent la pertinence d’une approche cycle de vie pour répondre aux neuf préoccupations identifiées; non alignement sur les objectifs stratégiques, échec réglementaire au niveau des différentes phases, retard dans le «time to market», processus disjoints, partage des connaissances et traçabilité des données difficiles, échange inefficace de données/informations; et utilisation inefficace et inefficiente des infrastructures. Pour répondre aux préoccupations mentionnées ci-dessus, cette thèse propose l'application des éléments fondamentaux du cycle de vie aux villes intelligentes, ce qui nécessite l'introduction de la notion de temps dans la modélisation urbaine intelligente en ajoutant le point de vue « cycle de vie » comme nouvelle dimension de leurs architectures multicouches. L'approche proposée comprend deux éléments. Le premier est le modèle tridimensionnel qui permet aux développeurs de villes intelligentes d'envisager trois points de vue : les couches de l'architecture, le temps (phases du cycle de vie) et les domaines. Le deuxième correspond à la notion d'interaction qui permet l'intégration entre les systèmes de gestion du cycle de vie et les plateformes IoT. Cette approche est validée à travers un cas d'utilisation d’un système de stationnement intelligent « Smart Parking », proposé dans le cadre de la Coupe du Monde™ de la FIFA 2022. Le système de stationnement intelligent proposé est stratégiquement aligné sur les objets Smart Qatar et relie toutes les parties prenantes concernées à travers les différentes phases du cycle de vie. Pour assurer l'interopérabilité sémantique, le système de stationnement intelligent utilise les normes DATEX II pour les données statiques et dynamiques liées au stationnement. Enfin, le cas d'utilisation met l'accent sur l'intégration entre les données liées au cycle de vie et les données IoT à travers l'interaction entre un système de cycle de vie Aras Innovator® (construction de nomenclatures, gestion de configurations, etc.) et une plate-forme d’implémentation de référence IoT O-MI/O-DF (publication peer-to-peer, découverte d'informations liées au stationnement sous une forme agrégée). / Smart city system development, operation and maintenance are very complex tasks and involve numerous stakeholders from different disciplines and domains. In most cases, these systems are at different phases of design, deployment and operation, i.e. at different phases of lifecycle. Hence, lifecycle management concepts are very important to better manage smart city development as a complete ecosystem across different phases of lifecycle. This argument is supported by the findings of our smart city survey, where the information gathered from interviewed stakeholders proves the relevance of a lifecycle approach to address the identified nine concerns; non-alignment to strategic objectives, regulatory failure at different phases, delay in “time to market”, disjointed processes, difficult knowledge sharing and data traceability, inefficient and delayed exchange of data/ information, and inefficient and ineffective use of infrastructure.To address the abovementioned concerns, this thesis proposes the application of lifecycle management concepts in smart cities, which requires the introduction of the time notion to smart city modeling by adding the lifecycle viewpoint as a new dimension to the multi-layered architecture. The proposed smart city lifecycle-based approach consists of two components. First, the three-dimensional model that enables smart city developers to consider three viewpoints: Architecture Layers, Time (Lifecycle Phases), and Domains. Second, the interaction approach that enables integration between lifecycle management systems and IoT platforms. This approach is validated through a use-case of Smart Parking System, proposed as part of the FIFA World Cup™ 2022. The proposed smart parking system is strategically aligned to Smart Qatar objectives and connects all relevant stakeholders across the different lifecycle phases. To ensure semantic interoperability, the smart parking system uses the DATEX II standards for static and dynamic parking related data. Finally, the use-case focuses on the integration between lifecycle related data and IoT data through the interaction between Aras Innovator® lifecycle system (BoM construction, configuration management, etc.) and the O-MI/O-DF IoT Reference Implementation Platform (peer-to-peer publication and discovery of parking-related information in an aggregated form).

The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) revolution has introduced many useful applications that are utilized in our daily lives. Users can program these devices in order to develop their own IoT applications; however, the platforms and languages that are used during development are abounding, complicated, and time-consuming. The software solution provided in this thesis, PROVIZ+, is a secure sensor application development software suite that helps users create sophisticated and secure IoT applications with little software and hardware experience. Moreover, a simple and efficient domain-specific programming language, namely Panther language, was designed for IoT application development to unify existing programming languages. In addition to these contributions, PROVIZ+ supports a novel secure over-the-air programming framework, namely SOTA, using Bluetooth and WiFi as well as serial programming. In this thesis, we explain the features of PROVIZ+’s components, how these tools can help develop IoT applications, and SOTA. We also present the performance evaluations of PROVIZ+ and SOTA.

Internet of things (IoT) which was once a vision is now reality in many sectors. Platform in the IoT ecosystem plays an important role in service provisioning journey by creating business value for the actors and enabling data management for the user. Service provisioning on IoT platform are application centric and is more focused on vertical development. Amalgamation of services, applications in IoT platform is the key in bringing data and society together. Interoperability and scalability is posing as hindrance for this hypothesis. On high level, identifying the cost drivers in these IoT platforms can be key for an actor to bring this hypothesis to reality. This work is one such attempt in providing cost breakdown and identifying cost drivers in IoT platform. A generic framework is proposed which dimensions the platform hardware and software to apprehend the design, development and operation cost of services considered. The framework is designed to proffer three deployment cloud strategies, On-premises, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS). Three business use cases are tested on this framework to arrive at the cost structure, which in turn states the cost drivers. The results suggest storage, hardware replacement and software development are major chunk of cost in the structure driven by devices/sensors in the platform and message transmission rate from those devices. Additionally, a suggestion of deployment strategies are made on each use cases to avail cost efficient services. / Internet of Things (IoT) som en gång var en vision är nu verklighet i många sektorer. Plattformen i IoT-ekosystemet spelar en viktig roll i researrangemanget genom att skapa affärsvärde för aktörerna och möjliggöra datahantering för användaren. Tjänsteleverantörer på IoT-plattformen är applikationscentriska och är mer fokuserade på vertikal utveckling. Sammanslagning av tjänster, applikationer i IoT-plattformen är nyckeln till att föra data och samhället samman. Interoperabilitet och skalbarhet utgör hinder för denna hypotes. På hög nivå kan identifiering av kostnadsdrivarna i dessa IoT-plattformar vara nyckeln för en aktör för att få denna hypotes till verklighet. Detta arbete är ett sådant försök att tillhandahålla kostnadsfördelning och identifiera kostnadsdrivare i IoT-plattformen. Ett generiskt ramverk föreslås som dimensionerar plattformshårdvaran och programvaran för att fånga konstruktions-, utvecklingsoch driftkostnaderna för betraktade tjänster. Ramverket är utformat för att erbjuda tre implementeringsmolnstrategier, lokala, infrastruktur som en tjänst (IaaS) och plattform som en tjänst (PaaS). Tre fall för affärsanvändning testas enligt denna ram för att komma fram till kostnadsstrukturen, vilket i sin tur anger kostnadsdrivarna. Resultaten tyder på att lagring, hårdvarutbyte och mjukvaruutveckling är en stor del av kostnaden i strukturen som drivs av enheter / sensorer i plattformen och överföringshastighet för meddelanden från dessa enheter. Dessutom görs ett förslag om distributionsstrategier för varje användningsfall för att utnyttja kostnadseffektiva tjänster.

abstract: Cyber systems, including IoT (Internet of Things), are increasingly being used ubiquitously to vastly improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of critical application areas, such as finance, transportation, defense, and healthcare. Over the past two decades, computing efficiency and hardware cost have dramatically been improved. These improvements have made cyber systems omnipotent, and control many aspects of human lives. Emerging trends in successful cyber system breaches have shown increasing sophistication in attacks and that attackers are no longer limited by resources, including human and computing power. Most existing cyber defense systems for IoT systems have two major issues: (1) they do not incorporate human user behavior(s) and preferences in their approaches, and (2) they do not continuously learn from dynamic environment and effectively adapt to thwart sophisticated cyber-attacks. Consequently, the security solutions generated may not be usable or implementable by the user(s) thereby drastically reducing the effectiveness of these security solutions. In order to address these major issues, a comprehensive approach to securing ubiquitous smart devices in IoT environment by incorporating probabilistic human user behavioral inputs is presented. The approach will include techniques to (1) protect the controller device(s) [smart phone or tablet] by continuously learning and authenticating the legitimate user based on the touch screen finger gestures in the background, without requiring users’ to provide their finger gesture inputs intentionally for training purposes, and (2) efficiently configure IoT devices through controller device(s), in conformance with the probabilistic human user behavior(s) and preferences, to effectively adapt IoT devices to the changing environment. The effectiveness of the approach will be demonstrated with experiments that are based on collected user behavioral data and simulations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2016

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) is introducing a new era to the realm of computing and technology. The proliferation of sensors and actuators that are embedded in things enables these devices to understand the environments and respond accordingly more than ever before. Additionally, it opens the space to unlimited possibilities for building applications that turn this sensation into big benefits, and within various domains. From smart cities to smart transportation and smart environment and the list is quite long. However, this revolutionary spread of IoT devices and technologies rises big challenges. One major challenge is the diversity in IoT vendors that results in data heterogeneity. This research tackles this problem by developing a data management tool that normalizes IoT data. Another important challenge is the lack of practical IoT technology with low cost and low maintenance. That has often limited large-scale deployments and mainstream adoption. This work utilizes open-source data analytics in one unified IoT framework in order to address this challenge. What is more, billions of connected things are generating unprecedented amounts of data from which intelligence must be derived in real-time. This unified framework processes real-time streams of data from IoT. A questionnaire that involved participants with background knowledge in IoT was conducted in order to collect feedback about the proposed framework. The aspects of the framework were presented to the participants in a form of demonstration video describing the work that has been done. Finally, using the participants’ feedback, the contribution of the developed framework to the IoT was discussed and presented.

A Internet das Coisas, ou Internet of Things (IoT), representa um novo paradigma de integração de várias tecnologias e soluções de comunicação e encontra aplicações em muitos domínios diferentes, tais como ambientes inteligentes (residencial e comercial), automação industrial, saúde, agricultura de alta precisão, gerenciamento inteligente de energia (smart grids, conservação de energia em edifícios), transporte e logística, setor automotivo em geral, cidades inteligentes e muitas outras áreas. A realização da visão de IoT ainda necessita de mais investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento devido à sua novidade e complexidade. Além das questões técnicas, a adoção em larga escala também é dificultada pela falta de clareza dos fatores determinantes na decisão de adoção destas tecnologias. A questão- problema que esse trabalho de pesquisa busca elucidar é o desafio da adoção de inovações baseadas na Internet das Coisas, mais especificamente fatores que afetam a decisão de adoção. O tema adoção de inovação é relevante para quem desenvolve a inovação e deseja que ela seja adotada e para quem tem que decidir se adota ou não uma inovação. Como a taxa de adoção é influenciada por fatores e decisões tanto do lado de quem fornece quando do lado de quem adota uma determinada inovação tecnológica, o trabalho se baseia em estudos que buscam integrar as diversas variáveis afim de refletir a natureza sistêmica deste processo. O modelo proposto pode ser aplicado tanto para quem adota quanto para quem fornece a inovação, integrando questões externas e internas à empresa, bem como questões da tecnologia IoT em si e do fornecedor. A pesquisa utiliza o modelo proposto em três estudos de caso com o objetivo de identificar e analisar os fatores de decisão de adoção da Internet das Coisas nas respectivas empresas, e apresenta sugestões de como aplicar o modelo na avaliação e eventual seleção de inovações tecnológicas, tanto do ponto de vista de quem fornece quanto de quem adota a inovação. / The Internet of things (IoT) represents a new paradigm of integration of various technologies and communication solutions, and finds applications in many different domains, such as intelligent environments (residential and commercial), industrial automation, health, high precision agriculture, intelligent power management (smart grids, energy conservation in buildings), transport and logistics, the automotive industry in general, smart cities and many other areas. The realization of the vision of IoT still requires more investment in research and development because of its novelty and complexity. Beyond the technical issues, large-scale adoption is also hampered by the lack of clarity of the determining factors in the decision of adoption of these technologies. The problem this research seeks to elucidate is the challenge of adopting innovations based on the Internet of things, more specifically factors that affect the adoption decision. The theme adoption of innovation is relevant to those who develop an innovation and want it to be adopted as well as for those who have to decide whether to adopt an innovation or not. As the adoption rate is influenced by factors and decisions that lie both on the side of the supplier as well as the adopter of a particular technological innovation, this work is based on studies that seek to integrate variables from both sides in order to reflect the systemic nature of this process. The proposed model can be applied to both suppliers and adopters of the technological innovation, integrating factors that are external and internal to the company, as well as factors of the IoT technology and factors of the supplier. This research used the proposed model in three case studies in order to identify and analyze the factors of decision of adoption of the Internet of things in each company, and offers suggestions of how to apply the model in the evaluation and eventual selection of technological innovations, both from the point of view of suppliers as well as adopters of the innovation.

Internet of Things (‘IoT’) systems are complex, asynchronous solutions often comprised of various software and hardware components developed in isolation of each other. These components function with different degrees of reliability and performance over an inherently unreliable network, the Internet. Many IoT systems are developed within silos that do not provide the ability to communicate or be interoperable with other systems and platforms. Literature exists on how these systems should be designed, how they should interoperate, and how they could be improved, but practice does not always consult literature. The work brings together a proposed reference architecture for the IoT and engineering practices for flow semantics found in existing literature with a commercial implementation of an IoT platform. It demonstrates that the proposed IoT reference architecture and flow-service-quality engineering practices when integrated together can produce a more robust system with increased functionality and interoperability. It shows how such practices can be implemented into a commercial solution, and explores the value provided to the system when implemented. This work contributes to the current understanding of how complex IoT systems can be developed to be more reliable and interoperable using reference architectures and flow semantics. The work highlights the value of integration of academic solutions with commercial implementations of complex systems.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à cette gestion des données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil intégrés dans un contexte IoT. Plus précisément, nous aborderons la problématique du stockage des données au sein même du réseau de capteurs en se posant la question suivante : Comment stocker provisoirement les données dans le réseau de capteurs de sorte que ces données soient facilement accessible par les consommateurs tout en assurant le meilleur compromis entre la fiabilité de livraison des donnés et la préservation des ressources énergétiques des capteurs ?Il s'agit dans un premier temps de proposer un système fiable de stockage de données basé sur la théorie du codage réseau et sur le modèle de communication « Publish/Subscribe ». Le système proposé est adapté à l'architecture des réseaux de capteurs ainsi qu'aux besoins des applications et services IoT localisés. Pour démontrer la validité du système de stockage proposé, des évaluations de performances au travers d'une analyse mathématique et de simulations sont conduites. Celles-ci montrent clairement une augmentation de la fiabilité de la livraison des données aux consommateurs avec un taux de livraison des paquets de 80% en moyenne. Afin d'améliorer encore plus les performances du système de stockage de données, nous proposons, dans un second temps, l'optimisation du système afin que celui-ci puisse réaliser le stockage des données de manière adaptative et autonome, tout en assurant le meilleur compromis entre fiabilité et coût. Ce dernier se traduit par l'impact du système de stockage sur la consommation d'énergie du réseau de capteurs sans fil. À notre connaissance, notre système est le premier à proposer d'assurer la fiabilité du stockage des données en fonction des demandes des services et des conditions du réseau. L'évaluation des performances, par simulation, de notre système de stockage adaptatif et autonome montre que l'optimisation du stockage des données (formulée sous forme d'un processus de décision Markovien (MDP)) selon les conditions de fonctionnement du réseau permet l'accès à 70% de données en plus comparativement au système non-adaptatif proposé précédemment. Ce résultat est obtenu tout en augmentant la durée de vie du réseau de 43%.Après avoir travaillé sur l'aspect quantitatif des performances du réseau à travers une étude sur le compromis coût - consommation énergétique, nous nous intéresserons dans la troisième contribution de cette thèse à l'utilisation de notre système de stockage dans des réseaux de capteurs sans fil disposant de cycles de services (cycle d'endormissement-réveil) variables. Aujourd'hui, les réseaux de capteurs reposant sur le standard 802.15.4 peuvent utiliser des cycles de services variables et avoir recours à l'endormissement des nœuds dans le but d'économiser leur énergie. Dans une première partie de cette contribution, nous avons ainsi proposé une amélioration du mécanisme de gestion du cycle de service (duty cycle) du standard 802.15.4 afin de le rendre dynamique et adaptable au trafic réseau. L'évaluation des performances par simulations de l'amélioration proposée montre que celle-ci aboutit à une économie d'énergie très significative tout en permettant au réseau de capteurs sans fil de remplir sa mission de prise en charge du trafic généré. Dans une seconde partie de cette contribution, nous évaluons les performances de notre système de stockage de données dans le but d'évaluer si un tel mécanisme pourrait cohabiter positivement avec un mécanisme de cycle de service variable (condition d'exploitation réaliste du réseau). L'évaluation des performances montre que l'activation d'un cycle de service variable dans le réseau de capteurs n'apporte aucune amélioration au niveau de la consommation énergétique mais que le compromis optimal entre la fiabilité et la consommation énergétique obtenu par notre système de stockage adaptatif et autonome n'est pas non plus affecté, celui-ci est maintenu / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are made up of small devices limited in terms of memory, processing and energy capacity. They work interconnected and autonomously in order to monitoring a region or an object of interest. The evolution in the development of devices more powerful (with new capability such as energy harvesting and acting) and less expensive made the WSNs a crucial element in the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). Nonetheless, assuming the new applications and services offered in the IoT scenario, new issues arise in the data management performed in the WSNs. Indeed, in this new context, WSNs have to deal with a large amount of data, now consumed on-demand, while ensure a good trade-off between its reliability and retrievability, and the energy consumption. In the scope of this thesis, we are interested in the data management in the WSN in the context of IoT realm. Specifically, we approach the problem of in-network data storage by posing the following question: How to store data for a short term in the WSNs so that the data could be easily retrieved by the consumers while ensuring the best trade-off between data reliability and conservation of energy resources? Foremost, we propose a reliable data storage scheme based on coding network, and assuming a communication model defined by the Publish/Subscribe paradigm. We validate the efficiency of our proposal by a theoretical analyses that is corroborate by a simulation evaluation. The results show that our scheme achieves a reliability of 80% in data delivery with the best cost-benefit compared to other data storage scheme. Aiming to further improve the performance of the data storage scheme proposed in our first contribution, we propose its optimization (modeling it as a Markov Decision Process (MDP)) in order to store data with optimal trade-off between reliability and communication overhead (in this context, also seen as energy consumption), and in an autonomously and adaptive way. For the best of our knowledge, our optimized data storage scheme is the only to ensure data reliability while adapt itself according to the service requirements and network condition. In addition, we propose a generalization of the mathematical model used in our first contribution, and a system model that defines the integration of WSNs performing our data storage scheme in the context for which it was envisaged, the IoT realm. Our performance evaluation shows that our optimization allows the consumers to retrieve up to 70% more packets than a scheme without optimization whereas increase the network lifetime of 43%.Finally, after being interested in finding the best trade-off between reliability and cost, we now focus on an auxiliary way to reduce the energy consumption in the sensor nodes. As our third contribution, we propose a study, in two parts, to measure how much a node activity scheduling can save energy. First, we propose an improvement in the duty cycle mechanism defined in the 802.15.4. Then, we propose a duty cycle mechanism introduced into our data storage scheme aiming at saving energy in the storage nodes. The simulation results show that our solution to the duty cycle mechanism in 802.15.4 led in considerable saving in energy costs. However, regarding duty cycle in our data storage scheme, it did not end up in more energy saving. Actually, as our optimized scheme already saves as much resource energy as possible while ensuring high reliability, the duty cycle mechanism can not improve the energy saving without compromise the data reliability. Nonetheless, this result corroborates that our scheme, indeed, performs under the optimal trade-off between reliability and communication overhead (consumption energy)

Submitted by Samira Ramos (samira.ramos@unifenas.br) on 2018-04-25T17:49:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WARISTON FERNANDO PEREIRA.pdf: 1185593 bytes, checksum: 27b26b86f07c714cb30cdf603cc9080a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T17:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WARISTON FERNANDO PEREIRA.pdf: 1185593 bytes, checksum: 27b26b86f07c714cb30cdf603cc9080a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG / The Brazilian poultry farming is an activity in constant evolution. There is a growing concern in the industry to ensure conditions that increase the welfare of birds. In this sense, the environmental conditions of the breeding sheds need to be considered, highlighting the temperature, relative humidity and concentration of ammonia in the air, besides the luminosity. These environmental parameters in chicken farms are manually measured using commercially available equipment. However, in addition to the need for an person to be present in the shed to carry out the measurement, such equipment has a relatively high cost. Therefore, hardware and software were designed to monitor such environmental parameters at low cost. The sensors were selected considering their cost and the detection range. The DHT22 sensor was used to record the temperature and relative humidity of the air, being able to measure temperatures between -40 and 80 ° C and relative humidity between 0 and 100%. The concentration of ammonia in the air was measured by the electrochemical sensor MQ-137, which has detection range between 5 and 200 ppm. For light monitoring, the LDR (light dependent resistor) sensor, which is a variable resistor controlled by light, was used. The assembled device has an Central Processing Unit (CPU) based on Wemos Mini D1 with ESP-8266EX chipset with 2.4 Ghz standard wifi connectivity. The CPU performs the reading of the three sensors used with a 5-volt power supply. After reading, the data is stored in the CPU and transmitted to the internet or computer through the wireless network. After a validation experiment in the field and in the laboratory, the results were used for the proper comparisons between the proposed device and the conventional equipment. A high correlation (R²) was observed between the data provided by the device and the conventional equipment for parameters temperature, relative humidity and luminosity. Regarding the determination of the ammonia content in the air, it was observed that there is more similarity in the detected values in lower concentrations of ammonia. The device get high connectivity on network tested. The cost of the equipment used to assemble the device represented only 12.66% of the market price of commercially sold equipment for the same purpose. It is concluded, therefore, that besides the high efficiency in the registry of the environmental parameters and speed in the data transmission, the proposed device represents a low-cost alternative for the monitoring of temperature, relative humidity, luminosity and air ammonia concentration. / A avicultura brasileira é uma atividade de produção em constante evolução. É cada vez maior a preocupação do setor em assegurar condições que aumentem o grau de bem-estar das aves. Neste sentido, as condições ambientais dos galpões de criação precisam ser consideradas, destacando-se a temperatura, umidade relativa e concentração de amônia no ar, além da luminosidade. Os parâmetros ambientais têm sido mensurados, manualmente, por meio de equipamentos disponíveis comercialmente. Porém, além de existir a necessidade de um indivíduo estar presente no galpão para realizar a mensuração, tais equipamentos possuem custo alto. Portanto, um hardware e um software de baixo custo foi desenvolvido para o monitoramento dos parâmetros ambientais acima citados. Os sensores foram selecionados considerando seu custo e a faixa de detecção. O sensor DHT22 foi utilizado para registrar a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, sendo capaz de medir temperaturas entre -40 e 80 °C e umidade relativa do ar entre 0 e 100%. A concentração de amônia no ar foi mensurada pelo sensor eletroquímico MQ-137, que apresenta faixa de detecção entre 5 e 200 ppm. Já para o monitoramento da luminosidade utilizou-se o sensor LDR (light dependent resistor), que é um resistor variável controlado por luz. O dispositivo desenvolvido possui uma UCP (Unidade Central de Processamento) baseada em Wemos Mini D1 com chipset ESP-8266EX, com conectividade padrão wifi 2.4 Ghz. A UCP realiza a leitura dos três sensores utilizados, sendo alimentada por uma fonte de alimentação de 5 volts. Após a leitura, os dados são armazenados na UCP e transmitidos à internet ou computador por meio da rede sem fio. Após um experimento de validação em campo e em laboratório, os resultados foram utilizados para as devidas comparações entre o dispositivo proposto e os equipamentos convencionais. Observou-se alta correlação (R²) entre os dados fornecidos pelo dispositivo e pelos equipamentos convencionais para os parâmetros temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e luminosidade. Com relação à determinação do teor de amônia no ar observou-se que há maior semelhança nos valores detectados em concentrações de amônia mais baixas. O dispositivo apresentou alta conectividade. O custo do material utilizado para a montagem do dispositivo representou apenas 12,66% do preço de mercado dos equipamentos comercialmente vendidos com a mesma finalidade. Conclui-se, portanto, que além da alta eficiência no registro dos parâmetros ambientais e rapidez na transmissão dos dados, o dispositivo proposto representa uma alternativa de baixo custo para o monitoramento da temperatura, umidade relativa, luminosidade e concentração de amônia no ar.

Les travaux de cette thèse se concentrent sur la réduction de l'énergie consommée et l'amélioration des temps de réveil du microcontrôleur par des innovations au niveau de l'architecture, du circuit et de la gestion de l'énergie. Ces travaux proposent une architecture de microcontrôleur partitionnée entre un processeur de réveil programmable, appelé Wake Up Controller, s'occupant des tâches courantes du nœud de capteurs et un processeur principal gérant les tâches irrégulières. Le Wake Up Controller proposé dans ces travaux de thèse est un processeur RISC 16-bit dont le jeu d'instructions a été adapté pour gérer les tâches régulières du nœud, et n'exécute que du code sur interruptions. Il est implémenté en logique mixte asynchrone/synchrone. Un circuit a été fabriqué en technologie UTBB FDSOI 28nm intégrant le Wake-Up Controller. Le cœur atteint une performance de 11,9 MIPS pour 125μW de consommation moyenne en phase active et un réveil depuis le mode de veille en 55ns pour huit sources de réveil possibles. La consommation statique est d'environ 4μW pour le cœur logique asynchrone à 0,6V sans utilisation de gestion d'alimentation (power gating) et d'environ 500nW avec. / This PhD work focuses on the reduction of energy consumption and wake up time reduction of a WSN node microcontroller through innovations at architectural, circuit and power management level. This work proposes a partitioned microcontroller architecture between a programmable wake up processor, named Wake Up Controller on which this work is focused, and a main processor. The first deals with the common tasks of a wireless sensor node while the second manages the irregular tasks. TheWake Up Controller proposed in this work is a 16-bit RISC processor whose instruction set has been adapted to handle regular tasks of a sensor node. It only executes code on interruptions. It is implemented in asynchronous / synchronous mixed logic to improve wake up time and energy. A circuit was fabricated in a 28nm UTBB FDSOI technology integrating the Wake Up Controller. The core reaches 11,9 MIPS for 125 μW average power consumption in active phase and wakes up from sleep mode in 55ns from eight possible interruption sources. The static power consumption is around 4μW for the asynchronous logic core at 0.6V without power gating and 500nW when gated.