No description available.

Groundwater aquifers are the largest source of drinking water for human population. Current available information of the quality of groundwater is quite limited mainly due to the lack of comprehensive analysis of groundwater and the challenging task of applying any analytical method in its investigation. In this thesis, a new method based on “soft” mass spectrometry and differential ion mobility (FAIMS) was developed to discover previously unknown sulphur-containing contaminants in groundwater in Ontario. Following this discovery, de novo identification of these contaminants was accomplished by determining their elemental composition based on mass measurements and their chemical structures from unique dissociation patterns. The compounds characterized in this study were found to be thiotetronic acids which are structurally related to synthetic and natural antibacterial agents such as the natural antibiotics thiolactomycin and thiotetramycin, allowing for speculation as to their potential beneficial properties.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-176)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-176)

The research presented in this thesis started with the idea to study alcohols as modifiers and dopants in differential ion mobility spectrometry (d-IMS) to produce complicated chemical signatures to explore a concept of chemical labels for product security application. D-IMS is a gas phase atmospheric pressure separation and detection technique which distinguishes compounds based on differences in their ions mobility as their travel under a low and high electric field. The hypothesis was that alcohols will form typical d-IMS products such as protonated monomers and proton bound cluster ions. However, the very first experiments revealed unexpected phenomena which included changes in the mobility of ions over a narrow range of concentrations that could not be explained by existing theory. Another observation was the apparent regeneration of reactant ions. It became evident that the observed phenomena had not been described in the open literature and that addressing the research-questions that were being raised would be essential for the determination of alcohols by d-IMS and its use in medical applications for toxicity screening and monitoring of alcohols. The above discovery shifted the research objective towards a fundamental and comprehensive study on the behaviour of alcohols in d-IMS. This thesis describes designed experiments and constructed systems allowing the efficient study of effect of concentration, electric field and temperature on the d-IMS responses of alcohols. The results of those studies demonstate: extensive fragmentation of alcohols, including previously undescribed fragmentation patterns with regeneration of the hydrated proton; new phenomena of adduct ion formation within the d-IMS drift tube, observed in the case of methanol within a narrow range of concentration; and self-modification of the alpha function of alcohols. This knowledge was exploited by developing an non-invasive analytical method for recovery, separation and detection of toxins from human saliva (including alcohols, diols and GHB) using TD-GC-d-IMS (thermal desorption - gas chromatography d-IMS) within a full range of toxicological concentration levels.

Orientador: Fábio Cesar Gozzo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_AlexandreFerreira_D.pdf: 12902505 bytes, checksum: 9ee986003caba0a232a59bff99ccc97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, tendo como temática geral a aplicação de técnicas modernas baseadas em espectrometria de massas (MS) no estudo da biotransformação de fármacos (capítulo I) e em proteômica estrutural por ligação cruzada e mobilidade iônica (capítulo II). No capítulo I, foram estudadas rotas de fragmentação por dissociação induzida por colisão (CID), perfis de metabólitos in vivo em ratos e farmacocinética de derivados de 4-anilinoquinazolina, candidatos a inibidores da enzima adenosina quinase (AK), tendo por essa razão potencial terapêutico no tratamento de doenças como hipertensão, Diabetes mellitus, psoríase e doenças inflamatórias crônicas. O comportamento desses compostos em MS foi inicialmente avaliado com base em suas rotas de fragmentação em fase gasosa por MS sequencial, com auxílio de cálculos teóricos para íons precursores e fragmentos em fase gasosa. Esse conhecimento foi então aplicado na determinação dos perfiis de metabólitos de fases I e II in vivo em ratos e de sua farmacocinética utilizando-se métodos de cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada a MS (UPLC-MS). Os resultados permitiram estabelecer as principais vias de fragmentação por CID para essa classe de compostos, bem como os principais metabólitos observados in vivo. No capítulo II, foram realizados estudos fundamentais em proteômica estrutural por MS. Nesse âmbito, o efeito de modificações covalentes advindas de reações de ligação cruzada nas conformações de proteínas-modelo foi investigado empregando-se a técnica de mobilidade iônica acoplada a MS (IM-MS) em duas abordagens instrumentais distintas, que permite determinar as seções de choque de colisão (CCS) de íons em fase gasosa. Os resultados obtidos dos experimentos de IM-MS, aliados a dados provenientes de simulações de dinâmica molecular (MD) dos sistemas em questão, permitiram concluir que as modificações de ligação cruzada aumentam a resistência dos íons de proteína em fase gasosa ao processo de desenovelamento, e geram íons mais compactos em fase gasosa (menor CCS). Um modelo foi proposto para explicar esse fenômeno, correlacionando as conformações observadas com a carga líquida e densidade de carga dos íons de proteínas em fase gasosa / Abstract: This work was divided in two chapters, both grouped under the general theme of application of modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to the study of drug biotransformation (chapter I) and in structural proteomics by chemical cross-linking and ion mobility (chapter II). In chapter I, collision-induced dissociation (CID) routes, in vivo rat metabolite profiles and pharmacokinetics of a series of 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives were studied. These derivatives are potential adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors, having therapeutic potential in treatment of diseases such as hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. The mass spectrometric behavior of such derivatives was initially evaluated in terms of their fragmentation routes by sequential MS, aided by theoretical calculations for gas phase precursor and fragment ions. This knowledge was then applied in the determination of in vivo phase I and II metabolite profiles in rats, as well as pharmacokinetics, using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to MS (UPLC-MS). Results allowed the establishment of main CID fragmentation routes for this class of compounds, as well as the main metabolites observed in vivo. The focuses of chapter II were fundamental studies in structural proteomics by a combination of chemical cross-linking, ion mobility and MS. More specifically, the effect of covalent modifications introduced by chemical cross-linking in the conformations of model proteins was investigated by ion mobility-MS (IM-MS) techniques, which allows the determination of collision cross sections (CCS) for gas phase ions. Results from IM-MS experiments, together with data from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the studied systems, indicate that the cross-linking modifications increase the resistance of protein ions to gas phase unfolding, also generating more compact ions in the gas phase (smaller CCS). A model was developed to explain this phenomenon, correlating the observed conformations with net charge and charge density of the gas phase protein ion / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Klitzke_ClecioFernando_D.pdf: 5751557 bytes, checksum: 0cd80e6f5c01aa04c7fdd89f600b374c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O petróleo é uma mistura complexa, constituída de milhares de compostos e sua caracterização é fundamental em diversos processos da indústria petrolífera. A abordagem moderna para a caracterização total dos compostos polares (N, O, S) do petróleo é através da petroleômica, utilizando a espectrometria de massas de altíssima resolução e exatidão obtida em espectrômetros de ressonância ciclotrônica de íons com análise por transformada de Fourier (FT-ICR MS). FT-ICR MS é o equipamento ideal para estas análises, no entanto a literatura carece de informações quanto a otimização do número de scans e do efeito da resolução na análise petroleômica. Determinamos como condições ideais para a análise destas amostras de altíssima complexidade a obtenção de espectros de MS com poder de resolução de 400.000 em m/z 400 e acúmulo de 100 mscans. Foram analisados também os compostos polares presentes em outras fontes de combustíveis fósseis, como carvão mineral e folhelho. Os resultados mostraram padrões distintos em relação à origem do material e possivelmente ao grau de evolução térmica. Comparamos a análise por FT-ICR MS dos ácidos carboxílicos de amostras de petróleo com os resultados das análise de frações ácidas por FAB MS obtidas no CENPES . PETROBRAS, mostrando que as análises por FT-ICR MS apresentam resultados superiores na identificação da distribuição de DBE sendo que por FAB MS não temos informações relativas a DBE superior a 7. A análise abrangente da composição de ácidos do petróleo é de extrema importância com conta da corrosão e formação de depósitos e emulsões, dependentes da composição destes ácidos. Comparamos alguns resultados da análise por FT-ICR MS com TOF MS (UHRT) de altíssima resolução, 100.000. Os resultados obtidos com UHRT MS estão próximos as análises por FT-ICR MS com 200.000 de resolução em m/z 400. Obtivemos a identificação de boa parte das classes de heteroátomos úteis nas análises petroleômicas. Analisamos por Travelling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (TWIM MS) padrões de ácidos, destilados e amostras de petróleo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma tendência da redução do drift time com o aumento da DBE dos analitos. As amostras de petróleo também revelaram perfis distintos para diferentes faixas de drift time, sendo possível diferenciar classes de compostos polares (O2, N e NO). Os resultados obtidos mostraram o grande potencial da análise por FT-ICR MS e UHRT MS, complementados pela análise estrutural fornecida pela mobilidade iônica com o uso da TWIM MS. / Abstract: Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of thousands of compounds and their characterization is essential in various processes of the petroleum industry. The modern approach to the characterization of total polar compounds (N, O, S) of oil is through petroleomics MS, using the ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry and accuracy obtained in ion cyclotron resonance spectrometers with analysis by Fourier transform (FT-ICR MS). FT-ICR MS is the ideal equipment for these analyses, however the literature lacks information about the optimization of scan number and the effect of resolving power in the petroleomic analysis. We determine the ideal conditions for the analysis of these samples of high complexity getting MS spectra with resolving power of 400,000 in m/z 400 and accumulation of 100 mscans. Polar compounds in crude oil, and other sources of fossil fuels such coal and shale were analyzed. The results showed distinct patterns in relation to the origin of the material and possibly the degree of thermal evolution. We compare the performance of FT-ICR MS with FAB MS in the analysis of carboxylic acids composition of crude oil samples. Analyses by FT-ICR MS feature superior results in identifying the distribution of DBE. FAB MS does not have information on DBE exceeding 7. Comprehensive analysis of the composition of crude oil acids is of extreme importance with account of corrosion and formation of deposits and emulsions, dependent on the composition of these acids. We compare some results of the analysis by FT-ICR MS with ultra-high resolution TOF MS (UHRT) with 100,000 of resolving power. The results obtained with UHRT MS are equivalent to the FT-ICR MS with 200,000 resolving power at m/z 400. We obtained the identification of most of the classes of heteroatoms useful in petroleomic analysis and the results show that UHRT performance is near to FTICR. Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (TWIM MS) show good results to study the patterns of ion mobility of acid samples, distillates cuts and crude oil samples. The results showed a trend of reducing the drift time with increasing DBE of the analytes. The crude oil samples also revealed different drift time profiles for different classes of polar compounds (O2, N, and NO). The results obtained show the great potential of FT-ICR MS and UHRT MS analysis, complemented by structural analysis provided by ion mobility with the use of TWIM MS, of distillate cuts and crude oil samples. / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

No description available.