When scholars look for a Shakespearean analogue to Queen Elizabeth I, they often look no farther than his Richard II, the deposed and effeminate king with whom Elizabeth was known to compare herself. This report seeks to broaden our reading of Shakespeare's Henriad by arguing that, in fact, there are echoes of Elizabeth in both Henry IV and Henry V, successors to Richard II. These traces of Elizabeth reveal the Henriad's fantasy of a male-dominated political sphere as just that: a fantasy. Moreover, this appropriation of maternal or effeminate characteristics is not limited to the Henriad's rulers, but occurs several times in the Shakespearean canon. This absorption becomes another way for Shakespeare's plays to manage their anxiety over threatening women even as they appropriate the authority of an aging Elizabeth. / text

Det är allt fler elever som går ut grundskolan med betyg som inte ger behörighet till någon utbildning på gymnasiet. Ett IV-program på den skola undersökningen gällde hade startat en lärlingsutbildning med namnet LIV ( Lärande I Verksamhet) för att hjälpa dessa elever till en utbildning. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad som bidrog till att dessa elever uppfyllde målet med lärlingsutbildningen om att bli anställningsbar. Utifrån detta syfte söktes svar på lärlingselevers bedömning av möjlighet till anställning, för- och nackdelar med lärlingsutbildningen, vad avgör att ungdomarna är i skolan, lär sig och når uppsatta mål. Nio intervjuer genomfördes fördelade på tre elever och fyra lärare inom lärlingsprogrammet samt två representanter från lärlingsföretagen. Dessutom gjordes en kartläggning av de femton första eleverna som efter preparandåret fortsatte sina studier på LIV. Resultatet visade att mer än hälften av eleverna hade ett arbete efter avslutade studier. Resultatet indikerade även på en hög måluppfyllnad hos eleverna. Eftersom de hade uppnått en hög grad av anställningsbarhet samtidigt som de tillskansat sig en bra plattform att bygga sitt sociala liv och yrkesliv på. Båda informanterna från företagen var överens om att det inte fanns några nackdelar med lärlingsutbildning. Utifrån deras positiva erfarenheter av lärlingar valde de att enbart handleda lärlingar på sina företag. Resultatet indikerade även att lärlingsutbildning som utbildningsform hade motiverat eleverna till att lära sig. Alla lärare var eniga om att motivationsarbete var viktigt för inlärning och att mellanmänskliga relationer mellan elever och lärare var helt avgörande om eleverna skulle komma till skolan och lära sig. Resultatet visade slutligen att med rätt verktyg var det möjligt för alla att prestera utifrån om de upplevde något meningsfullt eller inte.

Lietuva, kaip ir kitos buvusios šalys kandidatės, prieš įstodamos į Europos Sąjungą, turėjo galimybę pasinaudoti Europos Sąjungos finansine parama pagal Specialiąja žemės ūkio ir kaimo plėtros programą ( SAPARD ), kurios tikslas buvo sumažinti skirtumus tarp šalių kandidačių ir Europos Sąjungos vykdomos žemės ūkio politikos. Šalys – kandidatės, siekusios šios programos paramos, turėjo įvykdyti Europos Sąjungos ( toliau ES ) nustatytus reikalavimus. Lietuva, vykdydama šiuos reikalavimus, parengė ir su Europos Komisija suderino Nacionalinę žemės ūkio ir kaimo plėtros programą 2000-2006 metams ( toliau NŽŪKPP ), kuria remiantis ir buvo įgyvendinama SAPARD programa. Vykdant reikalavimus, taip pat buvo įsteigta Nacionalinė mokėjimo agentūrą prie Žemės ūkio ministerijos ( toliau NMA ), kuri padedant LR žemės ūkio ministerijai ( toliau ŽŪM ) buvo atsakinga už SAPARD paramos administravimą. / The purpose of this work to analyse projects is estimation of SAPARD programs and fourth priority of the national SPD in Lithuania, particulary the mainly attention, paying to NPA(National Paying Agency) sharping the settled acreditation criteria of EU.And offermeasures in order to improve estimation of projects in Lithuania.

Storage starch is synthesized in sub-cellular organelles called amyloplasts in higher plants. The synthesis of the starch granule is a result of the coordinated activity of several groups of starch biosynthetic enzymes. There are four major groups of these enzymes, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthases (SS), starch branching enzymes (SBE), and starch debranching enzymes (SDE). Starch phosphorylase (SP) exists as both dimeric and tetrameric forms in plastids in developing cereal endosperm and catalyses the reversible transfer of glucosyl units from glucose-1-phosphate to the non-reducing end of α-1-4 linked glucan chains, although the precise role in the pathway remains unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the role and regulation of SP and SSIV in starch biosynthesis in developing maize endosperm. The results of this study showed that the tetrameric form of SP accounts for the majority of measurable catalytic activity, with the dimeric form being barely active and the monomer catalytically inactive. A catalytically active recombinant maize SP was heterologously expressed and used as an affinity ligand with amyloplast lysates to test protein-protein interactions in vitro. Results showed that the different multimeric status of SP influenced interactions with other enzymes of starch synthesis. Tetrameric SP interacted with SBEI and SSIIa, whilst the dimeric form of the enzyme interacted with SBEI, SBEIIb. All of these interactions were enhanced when amyloplasts were pre-treated with ATP, and broken following treatment with alkaline phosphatase (APase), indicating these interactions are regulated by protein phosphorylation. In addition, the catalytic activity of SSIV was reduced following treatment with APase, indicating a role for protein phosphorylation in the regulation of SSIV activity. Protein-protein interaction experiments also suggested a weak interaction between SSIV and SP. Multimeric forms of SP regulated by protein-protein interactions and protein phosphorylation suggested a role for SP in starch biosynthesis in maize endosperm.

Pathogenic bacteria employ a number of mechanisms to induce infection and survive in host tissues, including toxin secretion and the formation of protective multicellular structures called biofilms. Type IV Pili (T4P) are highly conserved organelles essential for both the establishment of infection and biofilm maturation. The goal of this research is to gain a molecular level understanding of the function of the highly dynamic T4P of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pilMNOPQ operon encodes 5 members of a transmembrane complex that facilitates pilus function. While PilQ is the putative outer membrane secretin through which the pilus exits the cell, the roles of the PilM/N/O/P proteins are less well defined. Using both in vivo and in vitro techniques our characterization of PilP has provided significant insight into organization of the apparatus. PilP is an inner membrane lipoprotein essential for T4P function, but lipidation is dispensable, suggesting that its interactions with other T4P components are sufficient for PilP function. We showed that PilN/O/P form a stable heterotrimer when expressed in E. coli, and we suggest that they form a similar subcomplex in P. aeruginosa. Additionally we were able to show that PilP is also able to interact with a periplasmic fragment of the outer membrane pore protein PilQ. Structural and bioinformatics studies suggest that the organization of PilN/O/P/Q complex is similar to that of the transenvelope complex of another important Gram-negative virulence factor – the Type II Secretion System (T2SS). Our structural and functional characterization of PilP, the PilN/O/P complex and the striking similarities between the T4P and T2S systems, as well as important differences that make each molecular machine unique, will be presented.

Pathogenic bacteria employ a number of mechanisms to induce infection and survive in host tissues, including toxin secretion and the formation of protective multicellular structures called biofilms. Type IV Pili (T4P) are highly conserved organelles essential for both the establishment of infection and biofilm maturation. The goal of this research is to gain a molecular level understanding of the function of the highly dynamic T4P of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pilMNOPQ operon encodes 5 members of a transmembrane complex that facilitates pilus function. While PilQ is the putative outer membrane secretin through which the pilus exits the cell, the roles of the PilM/N/O/P proteins are less well defined. Using both in vivo and in vitro techniques our characterization of PilP has provided significant insight into organization of the apparatus. PilP is an inner membrane lipoprotein essential for T4P function, but lipidation is dispensable, suggesting that its interactions with other T4P components are sufficient for PilP function. We showed that PilN/O/P form a stable heterotrimer when expressed in E. coli, and we suggest that they form a similar subcomplex in P. aeruginosa. Additionally we were able to show that PilP is also able to interact with a periplasmic fragment of the outer membrane pore protein PilQ. Structural and bioinformatics studies suggest that the organization of PilN/O/P/Q complex is similar to that of the transenvelope complex of another important Gram-negative virulence factor – the Type II Secretion System (T2SS). Our structural and functional characterization of PilP, the PilN/O/P complex and the striking similarities between the T4P and T2S systems, as well as important differences that make each molecular machine unique, will be presented.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing the efficacy of a medical treatment. However, the efficacy demonstrated by trials does not automatically translate into a comparable level of effectiveness in the real world. RCTs may vary from routine clinical practice in several ways; the patients themselves, the delivery of the treatment, and the collateral care provided during treatment. Phase IV studies that assess outcomes of a treatment in the real-world provide a mechanism for assessing treatment effectiveness. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: describe the characteristics of patients receiving standard, first-line, palliative, platinum-doublet chemotherapy (PPDC) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in routine care; describe the effectiveness of PPDC in terms of wellbeing and symptom control; identify patient characteristics associated with change in wellbeing with treatment; and compare reported treatment efficacy to the effectiveness observed in the current study. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at Ontario’s Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs). Patients’ Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) scores were used to describe patients’ symptomatic status and wellbeing. The proportions of patients whose wellbeing improved, remained stable or deteriorated at two months were calculated. Using logistic regression, patient and disease characteristics were assessed for association with change in wellbeing at two months (dichotomized as improved/stable and deteriorated). In comparing trial results to this study, adjustments were made for differences in case mix. Results: Patients’ median age was 65, 55% were male and the majority had stage IV disease and adenocarcinoma histology. Patients’ baseline wellbeing and symptomatic status varied widely. 61.3% (95% CI: 55.8 – 66.6%) of patients had improved or stable wellbeing at two months. Histology and baseline wellbeing score were associated with change in wellbeing at two months. The case mix adjusted estimates of the proportion of improved/stable patients (60.0% (95% CI 54.5 – 65.3) and 60.5% (95% CI 54.9 – 65.6)) were consistent with the proportion of patients achieving general quality of life improvement or stabilization in RCTs (55% and 63%). Conclusion: The effectiveness of PPDC delivered in Ontario’s RCCs is consistent with that expected based on the results of RCTs. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-23 11:53:33.491

No description available.

In this study I present the results of interviews conducted with thirty-four students in the School of Theology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. In the following eight chapters I have provided a description of the discourses and discourse communities in the School of Theology which have emerged from my analysis of the data collected from these interviews. These discourses fall into three categories: The primary discourse, which is the result of the students' socialisation within their family and the primary community structures of their childhood, the secondary discourse ensuing from their educational and denominational backgrounds and their relationships with their teachers and the hierarchy of their denominations and the tertiary discourse of critical biblical exegesis which they encounter in their studies in the School of Theology. The product of this encounter is a clash of discourses which challenges the students both academically, leading to poor academic performance on the part of many students, and spiritually, leading to such dire consequences as nervous breakdowns or the loss of faith and vocation. In describing this clash of discourses I include a plea for the management and staff of the School of Theology to provide both academic and spiritual support for the students' in their attempt to face and overcome the considerable challenges of studying in the School of Theology. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg,2001.

Bohemian art of the second half of the fourteenth century is closely associated with the personality of Charles IV, Emperor of the Romans and King of Bohemia (1316--1378). In an effort to legitimize his reign as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and to raise the profile of his ancestral Bohemian lands, he leaned on the power of history to reveal his heritage as stemming, on one side, from an illustrious line of emperors including Charlemagne, and on the other, from the dynasty of Bohemian sovereigns. He recognized that art could display this legitimization and so implemented a programme of historicism in his artistic commissions. His impact on Bohemian art was indirect as well: his ideas influenced the art patronage of his closest court advisers, as seen in this paper through the examples of two illuminated manuscripts, the Evangeliary of John of Opava and the Liber viaticus.