Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camara_al_me_sjrp.pdf: 374446 bytes, checksum: b176f9827b5e550f988678da04e528f1 (MD5) / O trabalho objetiva investigar e descrever o caráter multifuncional da partícula já no português brasileiro falado culto, enfatizando principalmente os níveis e camadas de análise da Gramática Funcional de Dik (1989) e da recente Gramática Funcional do Discurso (HENGEVELD, 1989 e 2004; HENGEVELD & MACKENZIE, no prelo). A hipótese principal é que há vários tipos de já que são distribuídos de acordo com características sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas em diferentes níveis e camadas de atuação gramatical. Um desses tipos é o aspectual que dispõe de características similares ao uso de already em inglês e que é analisado como marcador de aspecto inceptivo com diferentes funções semânticas no discurso de acordo com a proposta de Michaelis (1996) para a língua inglesa. A multifuncionalidade de já permite a investigação do item como possuindo características mais ou menos concretas, o que sugere estar envolvido um processo de gramaticalização. Nessa direção, faz-se necessária a aplicação (i) dos princípios gerais de Hopper (1991) e (ii) dos domínios cognitivos de Sweetser (1991), entre outros. Além disso, nossa definição de gramaticalização vai além da tradicional, segundo a qual a gramaticalização é um processo em que um item lexical assume características mais gramaticais, ou um item gramatical se torna ainda mais gramatical. Acrescenta-se aqui, de acordo com Traugott (1995), que, nesse processo, o item pode sofrer um acréscimo de características discursivas, o que leva a entender o Discurso como fazendo parte da gramática da língua. Essa opção teórica coincide com a proposta multifuncional adotada, uma vez que, na GFD, o Discurso constitui um dos níveis de análise dentro da gramática. A amostra lingüística de já foi extraída do córpus mínimo do Projeto Gramática do Português Falado, que advém de dados do Projeto NURC. / This study aims at investigating and describing the multifunctional character of the particle já in Standard Spoken Brazilian Portuguese. It mainly emphasizes the levels and layers of analysis from Dik's Functional Grammar (1989) and from the recent Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD, 1989 and 2004; HENGEVELD & MACKENZIE, forthc., in prep.). The main hypothesis is that there are several types of já which are distributed according to syntatic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics in different levels and layers of grammar. Among these types, there is the aspectual, which has characteristics similar to those of the use of already in English and which is analyzed as an inceptive aspect marker with different semantic functions in discourse according to Michaelis' proposal (1996) for the English language. The multifunctionality of já allows us to investigate this item as having more or less concrete characteristics, which suggests the involvement of a grammaticalization process. In this sense, it is necessary to apply: (i) the general principles (HOPPER, 1991) and (ii) the cognitive domains (SWEETSER, 1991), among others. Besides this, our definition of grammaticalization goes beyond the traditional definition, according to it, the grammaticalization is a process in which the lexical item assumes more grammatical characteristics, or a grammatical item becomes even more grammatical. In addition, according to Traugott (1995), the item in this process may show an increase of discursive characteristics, leading to an understanding of Discourse as part of the grammar of the language. This theoretical option is coherent with the multifunctional proposal addopted, since in FDG the Discourse is one of the levels of analysis in the grammar. The linguistic samples of já were taken from the minimum corpus of the Spoken Portuguese Grammar Project, which is built with data of the NURC Project.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra výtvarné výchovy Téma diplomové práce ČLOVĚK A KŮŇ Jana Peštová 6. ročník Učitelství výtvarné výchovy pro ZŠ, SŠ a ZUŠ Prezenční studium Vedoucí diplomové práce: Doc. ak. mal. Jiří Kornatovský Konzultant: Doc.ak.mal. Ivan Špirk, PhDr. Lucie Hajdušková, Ph.D. Korektury: Mgr. Zuzana Beňová Praha, červen 2011 CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of art education Master thesis: MAN AND HORSE Jana Peštová 6th year full-time single-fied studies Art education for Primary School, Hight School and ElementarySchool of Arts Supervisor: Doc. ak. mal. Jiří Kornatovský Consultant: Doc.ak.mal Ivan Špirk, PhDr. Lucie Hajdušková, Ph.D. Proofreading: : Mgr. Zuzana Beňová Prague , June 2011 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci zpracovala samostatně a uvedla jsem veškeré použité zdroje. Praha, červen 2011 ............................................... Poděkování: Za podnětné nápady při zpracovávání práce děkuji Doc. ak. mal. Jiřímu Kornatovskému a PhDr. Lucií Hajduškové, Ph.D. Za korektury textu děkuji Mgr.Zuzaně Běňové KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: Kůň, člověk, já, sebereflexe, partnerství, symbol, znak, přirozená komunikace s koněm, komunikace, spojení, pohyb KEYWORDS: Horse, man, me, selfreflection, partnership, symbol, sign, natural horsmanship,...

This thesis is concerned with an analysis of how David Foster Wallace's treatment of technology defines his understanding of the self in late 20th-century and early 21st-century America. With a primary focus on how this understanding evolved between the publication of his major novel Infinite Jest (1996) and his posthumously published unfinished novel The Pale King (2011), this thesis also takes into consideration Wallace's ideas as expressed through his many short stories, non-fiction works, and critical essays, most prominently "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction" (1993). This thesis first briefly places Wallace in the context of contemporary literary scholarship, evaluating the state and extent of the nascent field of Wallace Studies. It then proceeds to examine and map out the philosophical underpinnings to Wallace's conception of the self, emphasising the importance of existential thought and the notion that the self is to be created rather than pre-existing in the individual. Technology as it is presented in Infinite Jest and The Pale King is then examined in relation to this philosophical understanding of the self, proving itself consistently to be an impediment to the existential self-becoming valorised in the novels. Wallace's early interest in entertainment technology as...

This paper is devoted to a critical analysis of the book I and Thou in the attempt to identify the main points of the dialogical philosophy as presented by Martin Buber. The introductory passages present the background of the book in terms of time (the era after WWI), cultural background (the influence of Hasidism), or the history of philosophy (an opposition to immanentism, monism, idealism, transcendental philosophy etc.). The main goal of the following interpretation is to try to understand man as a person in his complex existential situation, i.e. through his potential relationships or objectifying attitudes to the world. Being is described as a dual structure either of the basic pair of words I-Thou or of the basic pair of words I-It. As opposed to the usual use of the term, dialogue is defined as a specific interaction of man and the remaining world metaphorically expressible by the structure of addressing-responding. By this scheme, the characteristic reciprocity and direct continuity is expressed. The dialogue is also placed in the area "between" I and Thou, which mediates the genuine, immediate and transcendental knowledge constituting the reality. Finally, the dialogical attitude is compared and contrasted to the monological comprehension of the world. Key words: personalism, dialogical...

This thesis provides details about historical background of American Transcendentalism, a theological, philosophical and literary tradition of the first half of the nineteenth century in United States and of New Age religion originating roughly at the turn of the same century and maturing in the 1970's in a form of the New Age movement. The work focuses on the influence of American Transcendentalism as one of the shaping factors, which contributed to the emergence of New Age. The attention is placed primarily on the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Through a detailed analysis of selected Emerson's essays parallels are drawn between the beliefs held by the Transcendentalists, mainly Emerson, and general beliefs shared with the New Age community. Following the historical development of both traditions, we discover the point of convergence, namely the New Thought movement originating in the second half of the nineteenth century.

The diploma thesis examines the specific work of Albert Camus and Gabriel Marcel, focusing on the question of human values. The aim is to show two forms of existential philosophy concerning human existence in their chosen dramas. The work is divided into chapters. In the first chapter we can find the basic characteristics of existentialism and its development. The second and third chapter deals with Camus' and Marcel's conception of philosophy. In these chapters will present the Camus' problem of suicide, revolt, absurd and sense of being. In the case of Marcel will be dealt with the issue of duality of being and have, relationship I-You, love, hope, death, freedom and faith. Diploma thesis results in subsequent chapters where you can find comparison existential themes in the works of authors.

JESUS, Rosane Martins de; CARVALHO, Rejane Vasconcelos Accioly de. Jornalismo, literatura e engajamento: direcionando o olhar para as estratégias discursivas praticadas pelo jornal Folha de S.Paulo, durante a cobertura da Campanha Diretas Já. 2011. 183f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-08-22T14:20:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_rmJESUS.pdf: 16372373 bytes, checksum: 7beb85a128b5bb0ab5a24bd530061b0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-08-22T14:21:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_rmJESUS.pdf: 16372373 bytes, checksum: 7beb85a128b5bb0ab5a24bd530061b0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-22T14:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_rmJESUS.pdf: 16372373 bytes, checksum: 7beb85a128b5bb0ab5a24bd530061b0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Considering Kovach and Rosenstiel (2004) for whom the journalists must supply information by an attractive and involving writing, this research reflects on the aproximant discursive strategies used for the periodical Folha de S. Paulo, during the covering of the Campaign for the Diretas Já. Having as metodological reference the analysis of the speech, of Freench tradition, 88 news articles of the editorial of politics of the Folha de S. Paulo, published between 13/01/1984 and 26/04/1984, was analized. With this research, it was objectified, specifically: to identify the use of the aproximant discursive strategies during the covering; to know how these strategies helped to arouse the interest for the thematic, popularizing the Campaign and finally, to verify as the choice for these strategies had helped to establish complicity ties between the periodical and its reader, during the Diretas Já. At the end of the analysis, it was inferred, amongst other results, that: Folha de S.Paulo prioritized the new articles written under a literary perpective; the sentimentality was emphasized in practically all the new articles analyzed; the explicit presence of the reporter in the texts helped to construct to a complicity ties between the readers and the Folha; and the prominence given to histories of life of common people, most of them living of the peripheries of the big cities, contributed so that the citizen-common recognized himself as an active participant in the Campaign. It was also concluded, also, that the use of the discursive strategies had contributed to stimulate the participation of the Brazilian society contributing to the mobilization was adopted as a popular manifestation and not politics only. / Considerando Kovach e Rosenstiel (2004) para quem os jornalistas devem fornecer informações por meio de uma escrita atraente e envolvente, esta pesquisa reflete sobre as estratégias discursivas aproximativas, usadas pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo, durante a cobertura da Campanha pelas Diretas Já. Tendo como referência metodológica a análise do discurso, da tradição francesa, foram analisadas 88 reportagens da editoria de política da Folha de S. Paulo, publicadas entre 13/01/1984 e 26/04/1984. Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se, especificamente: identificar as estratégias discursivas aproximativas utilizadas durante a cobertura; ver como essas estratégias ajudaram a despertar o interesse pela temática, popularizando a Campanha e por fim, verificar como a escolha por essas estratégias ajudaram a estabelecer laços de cumplicidade entre o jornal e o seu leitor, durante as Diretas Já. Ao final da análise, inferiu-se, dentre outros resultados, que: a Folha de S. Paulo priorizou as reportagens escritas sob uma perspectiva literária; a sentimentalidade foi enfatizada em praticamente todas as reportagens analisadas; a presença explícita do repórter nos textos ajudou a construir um laço de cumplicidade entre os leitores e a Folha; e o destaque dado às histórias de vida de pessoas comuns, na grande maioria moradores das periferias das grandes cidades, contribuiu para que o cidadão-comum se reconhecesse como participante-ativo da Campanha. Concluiu-se, também, que as estratégias discursivas utilizadas contribuíram para estimular a participação da sociedade brasileira contribuindo para que a mobilização fosse adotada como uma manifestação popular e não puramente política.