The coverage of a test suite is often used as a proxy for its effectiveness. However, previous studies that investigated the influence of code coverage on test suite effectiveness have failed to reach a consensus about the nature and strength of the relationship between these test suite characteristics. Moreover, many of the studies were done with small or synthetic programs, making it unclear that their results generalize to larger programs. In addition, some of the studies did not account for the confounding influence of test suite size. We have extended these studies by evaluating the relationship between test suite size, block coverage, and effectiveness for large Java programs. Our test subjects were four Java programs from different application domains: Apache POI, HSQLDB, JFreeChart, and Joda Time. All four are actively developed open source programs; they range from 80,000 to 284,000 source lines of code. For each test subject, we generated between 5,000 and 7,000 test suites by randomly selecting test methods from the program's entire test suite. The suites ranged in size from 3 to 3,000 methods. We used the coverage tool Emma to measure the block coverage of each suite and the mutation testing tool Javalanche to evaluate the effectiveness of each suite. We found that there is a low correlation between block coverage and effectiveness when the number of tests in the suite is controlled for. This suggests that block coverage, while useful for identifying under-tested parts of a program, should not be used as a quality target because it is not a good indicator of test suite effectiveness.

In this work we propose a methodology for providing real-time capabilities to component-based, on-the-fly reconfigurable, distributed systems. In such systems, software components migrate across computational resources at run-time to allow applications to adapt to changes in user requirements or to external events. We describe how we achieve run-time reconfiguration in distributed Java applications by appropriately migrating servers. Guaranteed-rate schedulers at the servers provide the necessary temporal protection and so simplify remote method invocation management. We describe how we manage overhead and resource utilization by controlling the parameters of the server schedulers. According to our measurements, this methodology provides real-time capability to component-based reconfigurable distributed systems in an effcient and effective way. In addition, we propose a new resource discovery protocol, REALTOR, which is based on a combination of pull-based and push-based resource information dissemination. REALTOR has been designed for real-time component-based distributed applications in very dynamic or adverse environments. REALTOR supports survivability and information assurance by allowing the migration of components to safe locations under emergencies suchas externalattack, malfunction, or lackofresources. Simulation studies show that under normal and heavy load conditions REALTOR remains very effective in finding available resources, and does so with a reasonably low communication overhead.REALTOR 1)effectively locates resources under highly dynamic conditions, 2) has an overhead that is system-size independent, and 3) works well in highlyadverse environments.We evaluate the effectiveness of a REALTOR implementation as part of Agile Objects, an infrastructure for real-time capable, highly mobile Java components.

<p>In this project a web-based system called 3DPOPS have been designed, developed and implemented. The system creates initial 3D structures of oligosaccharides according to user input data and is intended to be integrated with an automatized 3D prediction system for saccharides. The web interface uses a novel approach with a dynamically updated graphical representation of the input carbohydrate. The interface is embedded in a web page as a Java applet. Both expert and novice users needs are met by informative messages, a familiar concept and a dynamically updated graphical user interface in which only valid input can be created.</p><p>A set of test sequences was collected from the CarbBank database. An initial structure to each sequence could be created. All contained the information necessary to serve as starting points in a conformation search carried out by a 3D prediction system for carbohydrates.</p>

<p>This assignment has been performed at location and commissioned by Attendit</p><p>AB in Jönköping. The task has been to develop a client/server system to access</p><p>data stored in SQL databases where the client application is developed to run on</p><p>regular cellular telephones. The importance has been to develop as reliable mobile</p><p>communication as possible. The functionality that is demanded upon the mobile</p><p>communication is:</p><p>• Secured for future versions</p><p>• Interoperability</p><p>• Data should not be bugged, modified or disappear</p><p>unnoticed</p><p>• Resource efficient</p><p>We have achieved these demands by developing our own protocol that is on top of</p><p>the TCP protocol. The difficulty with the development has been to take in mind</p><p>the limited resources of the mobile phones regarding storage, memory and CPU.</p><p>The result of this task is a working system with a belonging database which has</p><p>stable mobile communication as foundation. Server and client is well structure so</p><p>the system easy can be extended with new different calls to the database.</p><p>In hence of confidentiality the real system is not presented in this report. Instead</p><p>we will describe fictitious scenario to exemplify the resolutions to the problems</p><p>that we have identified.</p>

<p>As communication becomes more and more vital in defending a country’s borders, better radios are needed. When the Swedish armed forces saw that their existing radios took too much bandwidth in their net, they knew that something had to be done.</p><p>The existing radio, called Ra 180 RAP, was modified so that it could send X.25 messages into a network. This significantly reduced the use of bandwidth, as a packet switched network only uses the bandwidth when sending info.</p><p>This final thesis has been aimed to create a system that can test the X.25 function in the upgraded, so called CI-RAP, radio. This system will come in handy both when upgrading and later when performing service on the radios.</p>

Java est une technologie attractive pour les équipements embarqués et contraints, de par ses propriétés de sûreté, de portabilité et de faible empreinte mémoire du code. Cependant, la taille imposante d'un environnement Java complet a obligé les producteurs d'équipements embarqués à utiliser des spécifications dégradées de Java aux fonctionnalités limitées, telles que J2ME ou Java Card. Ces spécialisations précoces de Java perdent la compatibilité au niveau applicatif avec l'édition standard, et ne peuvent ainsi s'adresser qu'à des cas d'utilisation particuliers.Notre travail consiste à permettre l'utilisation de l'édition standard de Java sur les systèmes contraints, au travers d'une spécialisation tardive et agressive du système qui intervient après déploiement de ses applications. L'occurrence tardive de la spécialisation permet de mieux déterminer les conditions d'utilisation du système, et donc de le spécialiser « sur mesure » par rapport aux applications qu'il exécute.Nos contributions sont les suivantes : dans un premier temps, nous définissons la notion de « romization », consistant à déployer un système hors-ligne avant de capturer et de transférer son image mémoire vers l'équipement sur lequel il doit s'exécuter. De cette définition, nous proposons une architecture de romization capable de capturer une image mémoire du système à n'importe quel moment de son exécution. Dans un second temps, nous traitons des moyens d'analyse et de spécialisation permettant de rendre cette image mémoire embarquable. L'évaluation effectuée montre que cette spécialisation tardive, appliquée à un environnement Java standard déployé, permet effectivement d'en obtenir une version minimaliste et embarquable sur un équipement contraint.

<p>By the increasing needs of software industry, software systems became more complex constructions than ever before. As a result of increasing complexity in software systems, functional decomposition of these systems gains the status of the most important aspect in the software development process. Dividing problems to sub-problems and producing specific solutions for divided parts makes it easier to solve the main problem.</p><p>Component Based Software Engineering is a way of developing software systems that consists of logically or functionally decomposed components which integrated to each other by the help of well-defined interfaces. CBSE relies on architectural design of a software system.</p><p>Planning phase and implementation of a software project may differ time to time. Because of the complexity of software systems, solving specific problems may affect the architecture of the whole system.</p><p>In spite of sophisticated software engineering processes and CASE tools there is still a large gap between the planned and implemented architecture of software systems. Finding deviations from architecture in source code is a non-trivial task requiring tool support.</p><p>Since, matching operation of designed software architecture and implemented software architecture needs to check design documents against implementation code. This manual checking operation is nearly impossible for major software systems. Software Architecture Checker provides a great approach to check the architecture of any software system.</p><p>This bachelor thesis examines the approach behind the Software Architecture Checker.</p>

<p>The introduction of Java 5.0 came along with an extension of the language syntax. Several new language features as generic types and enumeration types were added to the language specification. These features cause downward-incompatibilities, code written in Java 5.0 will not work on older versions of the Java runtime environment. For some active projects, however, it is not possible to upgrade to higher Java versions, since some code might not be supported on Java 5.0. If one still wants to use components written in Java 5.0, these must be downgraded. Up to now this has been accomplished mostly by transforming the byte code of these programs.</p><p>In this thesis, we present a set of transformations which transform Java 5.0 source code to Java 1.4 compatible code. We successfully apply these transformations to two larger projects and compare our approach to the up to now common byte-code based tools.</p>

In der Automatisierungstechnik sind Fernzugriffe auf Geräte und Anlagen bereits heute eine wesentliche Anwendung der Teleautomation. Zum Einsatz kommen dabei Teleservice-Systeme unter Nutzung analoger oder digitaler Wählleitungen oder in letzter Zeit auch Web-Verbindungen. Diesen konventionellen Systemen gemeinsam ist die Online-Verbindung zum Zielsystem. Mobile Agenten, die ebenfalls zu den Web-Technologien zu zählen sind, können zukünftig die Technologie der Fernzugriffe innerhalb der Automatisierungstechnik deutlich verbessern. Speziell für die Anwendung mobiler Agenten in der Automatisierungstechnik wird in dieser Arbeit ein sogenannter mobiler Fernzugriff-Agent beschrieben. Ein sehr großer Teil der Automatisierungsgeräte und Systeme ist dem Bereich der eingebetteten Systeme zuzurechnen. Die Agenten-Fähigkeit dieser Systeme, d. h. die Anbindung an ein Netzwerk und die Integration einer Agenten-Plattform, wird eingehend diskutiert. Ein Agenten-System für den Fernzugriff wird definiert und dessen Entwurf, die Entwicklung und eine Testmöglichkeit werden eingehend erläutert. Ein derartiges System besteht aus der Benutzer-Schnittstelle, einem Agenten-Portal und entsprechend ausgerüsteten Zielsystemen. Als Programmiersprache des Agenten wird Java mit einer Java Virtual Machine als Ausführungsumgebung als am besten geeignet befunden. Eine große Schwierigkeit besteht darin, für ein bestimmtes eingebettetes System eine passende Java Virtual Machine (JVM) zur Verfügung zu haben. In der Praxis ist in der Regel die Portierung einer vorhandenen JVM notwendig. Für die Untersuchungen im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Kertasarie-JVM ausgewählt und für den 16-Bit-Mikrocontroller Infineon C167 unter dem Echtzeit-Betriebssystem EUROS® portiert. Abschließend werden vier mögliche Anwendungsgebiete eines Fernzugriff-Agenten für die Automatisierungstechnik näher beschrieben. / In automation technology remote access to single devices or plants is already a significant application for teleautomation today. Systems of teleservice by use of analog or digital switched line and lately web links are applied for these purposes. Common to all these conventional systems is an online link to the destination system. Mobile agents that also belong to web technologies can explicitly improve the techniques of remote access within automation in the very near future. Especially for applications of mobile agents in automation in this scientific treatise a so called „Remote Access Agent“ is defined. The major part of automation devices and systems belongs to the group of embedded systems. The ability of embedded systems to deal and operate with mobile agents is treated in detail also the network link and the integration of an agent operation platform. An agent system for remote access is defined and its design, development and test surrounding are described. Such an agent system is defined to consist of a user interface, an agent control unit and especially equipped destination systems. As a programming language for the agent itself Java and for its execution surrounding a Java Virtual Machine were selected to be suitable best for this agent system. A great problem is to have a suitable Java Virtual Machine available for a given specific embedded system. In practice normally a conversion of an existing JVM is necessary. For the investigations during this work the Kertasarie Java Virtual Machine was selected and converted for the 16 bit microcontroller Infineon C167 and the EUROS® real time operating system. Finally four potential applications in automation technology for a remote access agent are described in detail.

Technische Univ., Diplomarbeit--Wien, 2005.