Thesis advisor: Jeffrey Bloechl / Per Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, existentialism is the profound truth that the world lacks inherent meaning and thus, we are radically free to choose, to live life as we please. While these assertions are both true and liberating and the theoretical level, these axioms leave individuals disoriented. They never answer the question: how does one live within an absurd world? Thus, these authors never give us a way of coping with the harsh repercussions of absurdity. To answer this question, this project turns to intersubjectivity and the work of Emmanuel Levinas. Levinas’s theory of the other demonstrates that we are not merely beings in a vacuum; the world is conditioned by the interpersonal. Relating to the Other allows us to see that we are not alone in our suffering, for the Other and the individual mutually witness one another. Such connections provide a means of coping with absurdity, allowing us both solidarity and insight into the truly absurd nature of the world. Thus, the application of Levinas’s intersubjectivity to existentialism serves to save Camus’s notion of absurdity from its more nihilistic tendencies, allowing us to accept and apprehend absurdity without falling into despair or ignorance. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Philosophy.

Master essay "Freedom and autonomy in work of Jean-Paul Sartre" engages Sartre's literature and drama. It is trying to find some elements of the author's philosophy, which are included in his stories. Because of that, I indicated some significant thematic spheres based on author s phil- osophical works - Freedom and responsibility of human; Feeling of anxiety and subsequent insincerity; Freedom in interpersonal relationships. Significantly I observed the presence of mentioned themes during detailed analysis of Sartre's fictions and dramas. I managed to prove that Sartre's literature and dramas don't just include mentioned thematic elements, but it is even adapted to display these philosophical themes in the stories, novels or dramas. It confirms the thesis that Sartre was creating his literature and dramas to spread his own philosophical ideas to whole society. Personally, I evaluate this as the big contribution of the author.

My thesis is composed of three parts. First of all, based on the three essays of early Roland Barthes, Le message photographique, Rhetoric de l¡¦image, and Le troisieme sens, in which Barthes applies photography with semiology, I outline Barthes¡¦s early thought and delineate why Barthes turns from semiology to phenomenology. In the second part, I focus on Barthes¡¦ last work La chambre claire, and explore the notions such as ¡¥studium¡¦ and ¡¥punctum.¡¦ Thirdly, I use Sartre¡¦s early work l¡¦imagination to interpret the notion of ¡¥punctum,¡¦ in order to outline the phenomenology in La chambre claire more clearly. In sum, my thesis concerns itself with the interplay between early Barthes, Barthes in La chambre claire, and Sartre in l¡¦imagination.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Littérature--Paris VII, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 319-340. Index.

Thesis (M.A.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Liberal Studies." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Francaises. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-132). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19692

Thesis--Cologne. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).

Submitted by Lidiane Cristine de Lima Ferreira (lidiane.c.lima@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-05T12:49:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Final.pdf: 1297914 bytes, checksum: 70badd1061547bf3a5ffa8acbc099347 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Carreira B Vicentini null (priscila@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-06-05T17:53:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_lcl_me_arafcl.pdf: 1297904 bytes, checksum: c207abce1607c1b8982e9739e74b17cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T17:53:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_lcl_me_arafcl.pdf: 1297904 bytes, checksum: c207abce1607c1b8982e9739e74b17cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / A referida pesquisa tem como finalidade apresentar a trajetória do herói grego, Orestes, suas transformações e diferentes representações durante a história da literatura. Itinerário este que se inicia na Antiguidade, com a trilogia Orestéia, de 458 a.C, composta pelas obras Agamemnon, Coéforas e Eumênides do autor trágico grego, Ésquilo; passa em 1667 pela obra Andromaque de Jean Racine - que mesmo regido pela doutrina clássica, dá aos personagens uma força inovadora que inspira as peças racinianas-; e se encerra com uma nova interpretação à luz da filosofia existencialista, com a obra As Moscas do filósofo francês Jean-Paul Sartre no século XX. O objetivo do trabalho realizado foi de aprimorar o conhecimento sobre as literaturas grega e francesa; compreendendo o berço clássico de onde surgiu a trágica história de Orestes, as mudanças que sofreu sob a influência de autores franceses, e suas diversas interpretações no decorrer da história. / The research aims to present the story of the Greek hero, Orestes, his transformations and different representations through the history of literature. This trajectory, begins in antiquity with the trilogy Oresteia, 458 BC, composed by the works Agamemnon, Eumenides and Coéforas of the Greek tragic author, Aeschylus; it passes in 1667 through the work Andromaque by Jean Racine – that even ruled by the classical doctrine, gives the characters a new force that inspires the racinian pieces of work -; and it ends with a new interpretation by the light of existentialist philosophy, with the piece of work The Flies written by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in the twentieth century. The goal of this research was to improve the knowledge of the Greek and French literature; comprising the classic crib where did the tragic story of Orestes, the changes that suffered under the influence of French authors, and their various interpretations during the course of history.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste trabalho à ressaltar o problema da alteridade ontolÃgica como grande contribuiÃÃo sartriana à filosofia contemporÃnea. A temÃtica do outro se constitui juntamente com a liberdade, o objeto de estudo mais presente no pensamento filosÃfico de Jean-Paul Sartre. Para tanto, o trabalho se encontra dividido em trÃs capÃtulos: o primeiro, aborda fundamentalmente as estruturas ontolÃgicas do ser, em-si e para-si, expondo a numa perspectiva ontolÃgica e existencial. No segundo capÃtulo inicia-se de fato, a discussÃo acerca da existÃncia do outro e sua relaÃÃo de conflito e constante desafio com o sujeito, a partir da anÃlise do primeiro capÃtulo da terceira parte da obra O ser e o nada. A primeira prova da existÃncia do outro se encontra na experiÃncia da vergonha. Posteriormente, a constataÃÃo da existÃncia da alteridade ontolÃgica atravÃs do olhar e do corpo nos coloca diante da idÃia de que a presenÃa do outro, por ser evidÃncia, jamais poderà ser demonstrada e nem negada. Num primeiro momento, quando o eu olha o outro, o và simplesmente como um objeto, ou seja, hà um distanciamento da ciÃncia do eu que reduz o outro. Precisamente, o aspecto mais interessante desta questÃo à o do olhar do outro, pois à a partir daÃ, que toda a estrutura ontolÃgica do eu à abalada, passando-se de sujeito para objeto. Esta questÃo à aprofundada no terceiro capÃtulo que trata de esmiuÃar a relaÃÃo com o outro a partir de duas atitudes: assimilaÃÃo, marcada pelo amor, pela linguagem ou pelo masoquismo ou objetivaÃÃo que tem como fundamento a indiferenÃa, o desejo, o Ãdio e o sadismo. TambÃm, serà dado Ãnfase a questÃo do NÃs enquanto possibilidade de unificaÃÃo entre as consciÃncias opostas, bem como a noÃÃo do conflito na existÃncia dessas. Por Ãltimo, dedicaremos uma anÃlise entre Ãtica e ontologia no pensamento sartriano de modo que enriqueÃa significativamente este trabalho.

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