Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1509084 bytes, checksum: 961bbaa26fa878f52ecb91155bc8dace (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The French dramatists Jean Giradoux and Jean-Paul Sartre revisited the tragic Greek legacy and wrote the plays Électre (1937) and Les mouches (1943), respectively. Both authors, in their texts, drew from myths concerned with the tragic actions that took place in Agamemnon s palace: the murder of Clytemnestra by her children, Orestes and Electra. This research is centered on the analysis and comparison between Giraudoux s and Sartre s plays aiming at identifying in them the elements that indicate both the relations between myth (mythical thought) and logos (theoretical reason) and that between myth and modern tragedy. It also shows the fact that Sartre s text, maintains a dialog with the Greek legacy, and also offers a philosophical counterpoint to Giraudoux s play. In order to reach our goals we have examined the phenomenon of myth under the light of the philosophy of language, of the sacred, of anthropology and of literature, a theoretical basis that we tried to connect with the theories of Aristotle and Hegel about drama. / Os dramaturgos franceses Jean Giraudoux e Jean-Paul Sartre revisitaram o legado trágico grego e escreveram as peças Électre (1937) e Les mouches (1943), respectivamente. Ambos os autores debruçaram-se, em seus textos, sobre os mitos que narram os trágicos acontecimentos ocorridos no palácio de Agamêmnon: o assassinato de Clitemnestra por seus filhos, Orestes e Electra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e cotejar entre si as peças de Giraudoux e Sartre no intuito de nelas levantar os elementos que apontam para as relações tanto entre mito (pensamento mítico) e logos (razão teórica) quanto entre mito e tragédia moderna, e, ainda, evidenciar o fato de que o texto de Sartre, além de dialogar com o legado grego, constrói-se em contraponto filosófico ao drama de Giraudoux. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, partimos de uma reflexão sobre o fenômeno do mito sob as perspectivas da filosofia da linguagem, do sagrado, da antropologia e da literatura, formando um conjunto teórico que buscamos articular às teorias do drama de Aristóteles e Hegel.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O estudo da relação entre classe e identidades culturais produziu uma bibliografia significativa. Nesta tese busca-se olhar para essa relação sob um aspecto pouco abordado. A partir da tradição marxista, em particular aquela que traz do pensamento marxiano uma abordagem ontológica, busca-se identificar as determinantes gerais da relação entre classe e identidades culturais no mundo contemporâneo (capitalismo tardio). Para tanto, revisita-se o conceito marxista de classe com a preocupação de identificar como a classe no capitalismo se relaciona com o conjunto da cultura? que aqui é definido como a totalidade das mediações produzidas pelos seres humanos. Estabelecidas as relações gerais, parte-se para as formas particulares de identificação cultural no capitalismo tardio. Nesse momento, retoma-se a discussão sobre alienação e reificação a partir de Marx e da contribuição do último Lukács. No capitalismo tardio, a forma cotidiana de vivência das identificações culturais tende à perenidade, com a cotidianização da vida. Essa experiência compartilhada se torna base para a naturalização de uma forma reificada de identificação cultural, na qual um processo manipulatório (uma anti-práxis, no termo de Sartre) se sobrepõe à dinâmica da práxis. Por fim, aponta-se para como essa experiência compartilhada da manipulação identitária serve de fundamento para significativas teorias sobre identidades na teoria social, tal como o estruturalismo e o pós-estruturalismo. / The study of the relationship between class and cultural identities produced a significant literature. This thesis looks at this relationship in one aspect rarely addressed. From the Marxist tradition, especially one that brings the Marxian thought an ontological approach, the determinants of the general relationship between class and cultural identities in the contemporary world (the late capitalism) are identified. Thus, the Marxist concept of class is revisited in the need to identify how the class under capitalism relates to the whole culture - which is here defined as the sum of mediations produced by humans. After establishing the general relations, we proceed to the particular forms of cultural identification in late capitalism. Here, the discussion of alienation and reification from Marx and late Lukacs is remembered. In late capitalism, the way everyday experience of cultural identifications seems perennial with cotidianização life. This shared experience becomes the basis for the naturalization of a reified form of cultural identification, on which a manipulative process (an anti-praxis, as said Sartre) overlaps the dynamics of the praxis. Finally, it is shown how this shared experience of manipulating identity is the basis for important theories of identity in social theory such as structuralism and poststructuralism.

Esta dissertação é parte integrante das atividades para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Artes pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Estética e História da Arte da Universidade de São Paulo (PGEHA-USP). Nela deseja-se identificar alguns conceitos presentes na Fenomenologia Existencial de Jean-Paul Sartre que podem se situar dentro da estrutura de formação do Projeto Moderno na Arquitetura e no Design. O pensamento moderno na arquitetura e o pensamento existencial na filosofia são, ambos, reflexos singulares de uma transformação muito mais ampla e radical na história do mundo ocidental. Porém este período - o final do século XIX e no início do século XX representa para a filosofia e para o campo artístico um momento de ruptura sem precedentes. Este pensamento transformador que gemina tanto na filosofia existencialista quanto na arquitetura moderna associados a estas transformações se evidenciam através dos manifestos, dos tratados e dos escritos desta época. Esta dissertação busca portanto encontrar, através da análise destes dois conjuntos teóricos, alguns conceitos que podem ser inter-relacionados. Ao final do processo espera-se, contudo, que as análises produzidas possam contribuir para ampliar, de um ponto de vista bastante específico, a percepção da formação movimento moderno na arquitetura e no design. / This work is part of the activities to obtain the title of Master of Arts from the Graduate Inter Program in Aesthetics and Art History at the University of São Paulo (USP-PGEHA). It is desired to identify some concepts present in the Existential Phenomenology of Jean-Paul Sartre that may be located within the training structure Modern Design in Architecture and Design. The modern thinking in architecture and existential thought in philosophy are both unique reflections of a much broader transformation and radical in the history of the Western world. But this time - the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century - is to philosophy and the artistic field a moment of unprecedented disruption. This transformer thought gemina both existentialist philosophy as in modern architecture - associated with these transformations - are evident through the manifestos, treaties and the writings of this time. This paper therefore seeks to find, through the analysis of these two theoretical sets, some concepts that can be interrelated. At the end of the process it is hoped, however, that produced analysis can contribute to enlarge, to a very specific point of view, the perception of training modern movement in architecture and design.

Análise das revistas de cultura Critique e Les Temps Modernes por meio das resenhas sobre Henry Miller e Charles Baudelaire. A dissertação comenta o surgimento das publicações e suas influências (a poética de Georges Bataille e a filosofia de Jean-Paul Sartre). Apresenta o campo intelectual das revistas e editoras no pós-guerra francês (1945-46). Sugere uma reflexão e um vocabulário para definir este novo crítico, um leitor especializado que, pelo ato da escrita, desenvolve a crítica. Também comenta a resenha como gênero, e as referências estruturalistas e sartrianas em ambas publicações. / Analysis of French culture magazines Critique and Les Temps Modernes, through the reviews on the authors Henry Miller and Charles Baudelaire. The text comments the appearance of the publications and its influences (Georges Batailles`s poetics and Jean-Paul Sartre`s philosophy). It presents the intellectual field of the magazines and publishing houses in the French post-war period (1945-46). It suggests a thought and a vocabulary in order to define the new critic character, a specialized reader that writes and produces critic. Finally, comments the genre review and Structuralism and Sartrian references on both magazines.

Our master's thesis is an interdisciplinary study on the play No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre and its film adaptations - the French one directed by Jacqueline Audrey in 1954, and the English one directed by Philip Saville in 1964. The work is divided into two parts - literary and cinematographic analysis. In the first part we will focus on the play No Exit in the historical, cultural and philosophical context, find its role among the other literary texts of Sartre and study in more detail the text itself - its form, main motifs, etc. In the second part we will analyze its cinematographic potential. Comparing the two adaptations with each other and with the play, we will start with the general characteristics and then move on to the comparative analysis of two chosen episodes.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the major aspects of the theoretical structure of Sartrian existentialism and to examine the portrayal of these in Sartre's fiction. The theoretical investigation is based largely on Sartre's "L'Être et le néant" and "L'Existentialisme est u humanisme." The fictional works are "La Nausée," the trilogy "Les Chemins de la liberté," and "Le Mur." The study is prefaced by an examination of the term existentialism and a brief historical comparison of essentialist and existentialist philosophy. The aspects of Sartrian existentialism discussed are: the question of the existence of God and its importance to Sartre's philosophy; the premise of existence preceding essence; the fact of contingency on absurdity and its attendant nausea; the doctrines of freedom and responsibility; the dilemma of choice, anguish, and commitment; and the themes of authenticity, transcendence, and death.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.

Is the Swedish author Stig Dagerman an existentialist? This work takes a close look at Dagerman’s novel Island of the Doomed to see if it is possible to consider it an expression of existentialist thinking and to see if it interacts with any specific existentialist tradition. Dagerman’s novel was compared with select works of five existentialist thinkers – Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Karl Jaspers, all read in the light of the four categories of existentialistic thinking identified by the Swedish scholar Lennart Koskinen. All the four categories appeared to be central themes within the novel and a few subcategories were identified. An analysis based on these subcategories showed that the novel had obvious similarities with all of the five existentialistic thinkers. The main conclusion of my work is thus: it is reasonable to consider Stig Dagerman’s novel Island of the Doomed an expression of existentialist thinking, but it doesn’t match any specific existentialist tradition. Dagerman is therefore to be considered an independent existentialist.

This study examines the concept of freedom in the philosophies of Jean Paul Sartre and Hannah Arendt in the context of their relevance or irrelevance to politics in the context of political freedom, political activity, rights and responsibilities, individuality, plurality and humanism. The major concern is to question the possibilities of political reflection of their conceptions of freedom. In this respect, the study explicates densely enough Sartre&#039 / s and Arendt&#039 / s conceptions of freedom respectively and includes propositions and arguments that Sartre&#039 / s and Arendt&#039 / s conceptions of freedom have more conjunctions than disjunctions in certain points. This closeness and commonality in the meaning of freedom between two thinkers continue in politics. In that sense, the thesis put forwards that the conceptions of freedom in the philosophies of Sartre and Arendt are relevant to politics and also competent to derive a different spirit of political freedom. Their relevance to politics and their potency or adequacy to enable a new form of political freedom are based on their conjunction in the points of action, humanism, initiation and responsibility. To make explicit such political freedom, the study also compares it with liberal negative conception of freedom.