<p>This essay concerns itself with the historical background to what it refers to as <em>existential pedagogy</em>, which designates the way in which existential literature presumably seeks to affect the reader so that he experiences his existence as isolated, and how this is done through the employment of harsh and uncompromising language and rhetorical devices. The assumption underlying this project is that there is a pedagogical purpose to the existential manner of de-livery, and this essay traces this purpose back to how in the 18th century certain thinkers – Johann Georg Hamann and Friedrich Schlegel – came to look back at Socrates rhetorical en-deavour in order to perfect their own desire to place the question of ‘meaning’, ‘knowledge’ or ‘truth’ into the hands of the receiving individual – the reader of a text or the student of a teacher. By studying the manner in which Hamann and Schlegel used this Socratic rhetoric in their own authorship, I seek to establish how they considered it vital that the recipient experi-enced himself as thoroughly alone in order to cultivate his ability to infuse meaning into the world. The essay continues to examine how Sören Kierkegaard – in his capacity as the mythi-cal ‘father of existentialism’ – conceived of the Socratic rhetoric as lacking in sufficiently accounting for the despair and sinfulness he saw as being intertwined with experiencing one-self as lonely and ignorant. By studying how Kierkegaard approached the reader in his pseu-donymous and existential literature, the essay makes it clear that the existential pedagogy util-ized by Kierkegaard works in order to simultaneously infuse the reader with a feeling of isola-tion and ignorance, as it, through repeatedly focusing on the despair involved in that condi-tion, provoked the reader into taking action, despite (or, existentially, because he was) being taught that he, on account of his inevitable loneliness and ignorance, could not.</p>

This essay concerns itself with the historical background to what it refers to as existential pedagogy, which designates the way in which existential literature presumably seeks to affect the reader so that he experiences his existence as isolated, and how this is done through the employment of harsh and uncompromising language and rhetorical devices. The assumption underlying this project is that there is a pedagogical purpose to the existential manner of de-livery, and this essay traces this purpose back to how in the 18th century certain thinkers – Johann Georg Hamann and Friedrich Schlegel – came to look back at Socrates rhetorical en-deavour in order to perfect their own desire to place the question of ‘meaning’, ‘knowledge’ or ‘truth’ into the hands of the receiving individual – the reader of a text or the student of a teacher. By studying the manner in which Hamann and Schlegel used this Socratic rhetoric in their own authorship, I seek to establish how they considered it vital that the recipient experi-enced himself as thoroughly alone in order to cultivate his ability to infuse meaning into the world. The essay continues to examine how Sören Kierkegaard – in his capacity as the mythi-cal ‘father of existentialism’ – conceived of the Socratic rhetoric as lacking in sufficiently accounting for the despair and sinfulness he saw as being intertwined with experiencing one-self as lonely and ignorant. By studying how Kierkegaard approached the reader in his pseu-donymous and existential literature, the essay makes it clear that the existential pedagogy util-ized by Kierkegaard works in order to simultaneously infuse the reader with a feeling of isola-tion and ignorance, as it, through repeatedly focusing on the despair involved in that condi-tion, provoked the reader into taking action, despite (or, existentially, because he was) being taught that he, on account of his inevitable loneliness and ignorance, could not.

Is the Swedish author Stig Dagerman an existentialist? This work takes a close look at Dagerman’s novel Island of the Doomed to see if it is possible to consider it an expression of existentialist thinking and to see if it interacts with any specific existentialist tradition. Dagerman’s novel was compared with select works of five existentialist thinkers – Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Karl Jaspers, all read in the light of the four categories of existentialistic thinking identified by the Swedish scholar Lennart Koskinen. All the four categories appeared to be central themes within the novel and a few subcategories were identified. An analysis based on these subcategories showed that the novel had obvious similarities with all of the five existentialistic thinkers. The main conclusion of my work is thus: it is reasonable to consider Stig Dagerman’s novel Island of the Doomed an expression of existentialist thinking, but it doesn’t match any specific existentialist tradition. Dagerman is therefore to be considered an independent existentialist.

Ett gemensamt drag i den tidigare forskningen om Stina Aronsons modernism har varit att betona Artur Lundkvists betydelse. Den här uppsatsen undersöker en roman som utkom före det att Aronson hade någon kontakt med Lundkvist, Två herrar blev nöjda från 1928, i syfte att nyansera nämnda historieskrivning. Romanen undersöks utifrån en modernistisk diskurs baserad på tre representativa översiktsverk för perioden. Dessutom anläggs Judith Butlers performativitetsteori i ett försök att åskådliggöra hur Aronson i romanen skenbart anpassar sig till en traditionellt kvinnlig författarroll. Resultatet visar att Två herrar blev nöjda tar avstånd från realismen och istället präglas av modernismens estetik och radikalt nya världsåskådning. I såväl form som innehåll märks ett tydligt intresse för det omedvetna, för det irrationella, för slumpen och för det splittrade jaget. Vidare kännetecknas romanen av formell introspektion, det vill säga en upptagenhet vid den egna litterära skapelsen.

The thesis deals with the struggle for the Eternal and the Infinite in the works of Kierkegaard and Patočka. It starts with their respective concepts of existence. Based on them, positive and negative aspects of the relation of existence and transcendence are described. The main guiding principle of the description is the movement of the infinite resignation and the movement of the faith in Fear and Trembling, which is compared with the de-objectifying and all-founding force of the Idea in Negative platonism. It turns out that in the relation between existence and transcendence, one can discern the two basic meanings of the transcendent reality. These meanings, together with the positive and negative aspects of the relation of existence to transcendence, form the dialectic of positive and negative, in which the struggle for the Eternal nad the Infinite is set, as well as the struggle for an authentic human existence.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to map the ethical arguments presented in the Church of Sweden Bishops’ letter of "The Beginning and End of Life: Tools for Orientation in Ethical Choices", and to analyse and discuss these in relation to Sören Kierkegaard's philosophical concepts of choice, freedom and anxiety. The research questions focus on understanding Kierkegaard's view of choice, identifying the ethical arguments in the Bishops’ letter and investigating how Kierkegaard's concepts can contribute to a deeper understanding of the ethical arguments therein. The method includes conceptual analysis to clarify Kierkegaard's ideas and argumentation analysis to discuss the ethical arguments that appeared in the bishops’ letter. The study's questions are answered through the essay's two methods of a analysis, followed by a summary and conclusions. The study has shown that there are arguments in Sören Kierkegaard that contribute to deepening the Bishops’ letter. In particular, a) potential risks of allowing communities to participate in decision-making, b) the anxiety as an opportunity in decision-making and c) call to see ethically difficult choices as the possibility of the meeting with God. The result shows that Kierkegaard's philosophy of choice, freedom and anxiety offers a deeper perspective to the ethical reasoning behind the Bishops’ letter, based on Lutheran theology and a Christian view of humanity Keywords: Søren Kierkegaard, choice, freedom, anxiety, Bishops' letter, Church of Sweden,ethics, ethical arguments, ethical principles, Christian view of humanity.

No description available.

PONTE , Carlos Roger Sales da . Sobre os conceitos de indivíduo em Sören Kierkegaard e de pessoa em Carl Rogers: semelhanças e diferenças . 2010. 119 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-07T18:28:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-01-09T15:10:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-09T15:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_CRSDPonte.PDF: 785994 bytes, checksum: 43007e0aef45ddb8ddabd44c5772fc19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / From a epistemological reading of some writings of the American psychologist, Carl R. Rogers, in which he declares “theoretical affinities” with the thought of the Danish philosopher, Sören Kierkegaard, the biggest objective of this study is to collate the concepts of “Individual”, delineated by Kierkegaard, and the concept of “Person”, formulated by Rogers, in its similarities and differences. Contributing to the constitution of one more face of the Person-Centrered Approaching epistemology (created and developed by Rogers), is also intention of this research, to approximate these concepts taking as support the hypothesis of that the supposed kierkegaardian influence in Roger’s production is not so significant as he (Rogers) and, over all, his commentators, wants to make to believe. Being Kierkegaard in a philosophical and epistemological dimension of a pietistic and anguished Christianity, where its biggest goal was to show the true “Christian-to-be”, and also that the “Individual” is that one who chooses to exist subjectively in a tensioned relation with God, hardly could his philosophy stand as another so heterogeneous context as it was the case of Humanist North America Psychology, where Rogers had space and that considered the “Person” as a “reliable worthy organism” that keeps in itself the potentialities of constructing itself in all its spheres and in direction to an authentic existence and congruence. Approaching the concepts of “Individual” and “Person” in its similarities and differences, describing until where the influence of Kierkegaard in the rogerian thought is veridical, it is intended to show the place in fact of the kierkegaardian philosophy in the construction of the psychology centered in the person effected by Rogers. / A partir de uma leitura epistemológica de vários escritos do psicólogo estadunidense, Carl R. Rogers, em que ele declara “afinidades” teóricas com o pensamento do filósofo dinamarquês, Sören Kierkegaard, o objetivo maior deste estudo é confrontar os conceitos de “Indivíduo”, delineado por Kierkegaard, e o conceito de “Pessoa”, formulado por Rogers, em suas similaridades e diferenças. Contribuindo na constituição de mais uma faceta da epistemologia da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (criada e desenvolvida por Rogers), é também intenção desta pesquisa, aproximar estes conceitos apoiando-se na hipótese de que a suposta influência kierkegaardiana na obra de Rogers não é tão significativa como ele (Rogers) e, sobretudo, seus comentadores, querem fazer crer. Estando Kierkegaard numa dimensão filosófica e epistemológica de um cristianismo pietista e angustiado, em que sua meta maior era mostrar o verdadeiro “devir cristão”, e que o “Indivíduo” é aquele que escolhe existir ligado subjetivamente numa relação tensionada com Deus, dificilmente poderia sua filosofia servir de base em outro contexto tão heterogêneo como era o da psicologia humanista norte-americana, onde Rogers tinha seu espaço e que considerava a “Pessoa” como um “organismo digno de confiança” que guarda em si mesma as potencialidades de se construir em todas as suas esferas e em direção a uma existência congruente e autêntica. Aproximando os conceitos de “Indivíduo” e de “Pessoa” em suas semelhanças e diferenças, descrevendo até onde a influência de Kierkegaard no pensamento rogeriano é verídica, pretende-se mostrar o lugar de fato da filosofia kierkegaardiana na construção da psicologia centrada na pessoa efetuada por Rogers.