The subject of this thesis is an exegetical study on chapter thirty-eight of the book Genesis; a narrative of the story about Judah and Tamar. The thesis begins with a critical analysis of the original Hebrew text. In the second section, a critical examination of the text is undertaken using synchronous and diachronous methods, followed by a verse-by-verse commentary which includes three excursuses. The first excursus discusses levirate marriage. The second is concerned with Hebrew word הקדש and with its meaning and translation. The theme of the third excursus is the understanding of righteousness as social solidarity in the Old Testament. Subsequently, in the final section of the thesis, the reception of Genesis 38 in the Old and New Testaments is considered. Furthermore, four examples of reception and interpretation throughout Christian history are presented: The Book of Jubilees, Commentary on Genesis by Ephrem the Syrian, Martin Luther's Lectures on Genesis and an interpretation by Dorothee Sölle as an example of feminism and liberation theology. Lastly, to conclude, the application of the story is proposed, which could serve as a starting point for subsequent theological work.

[pt] O presente estudo exegético trata da restauração de Judá-Jerusalém descrita em Jl 4,18-21. A partir de uma concepção unitária dos oráculos do yôm YHWH no livro de Joel, como um anúncio de juízo com duplo efeito, e da estrutura geral do livro como uma lamentação nacional (cf. Jl 1,1–2,18) seguida da resposta de YHWH (cf. Jl 2,19–4,21), compreende-se que a restauração de Judá-Jerusalém é o resultado previsto pelo juízo definitivo no yôm YHWH, consequência da presença salvífica de YHWH no templo e Sua resposta favorável à liturgia de lamentação suplicante realizada pela comunidade dos filhos de Judá. A unidade literária Jl 4,18-21 é apresentada como um oráculo salvífico com duplo anúncio. Nela, a restauração de Judá-Jerusalém é descrita como restauração escatológica da terra eleita e do povo eleito. Através de palavras chave , Jl 4,18-21 responde aos problemas retratados no livro: uma catástrofe agrícola (cf. Jl 1,2–2,27) e uma catástrofe política (cf. Jl 3,1–4,17). Além disso, sua estrutura formal reflete as duas etapas da resposta de YHWH a ambos os problemas: a restauração da terra (cf. Jl 2,18-27) e a restauração da nação (cf. Jl 3,1–4,17). Desse modo, pode-se compreender a densidade temática de Jl 4,18-21 e sua função conclusiva, retomando, sintetizando e finalizando as principais linhas temáticas do livro, e levando ao ponto mais alto a argumentação desenvolvida no livro inteiro. / [en] The following exegetical study presents the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem described in the passage Joel 4,18-21. Through a unitary conception from yôm YHWH s oracles on Joel s book, as a double effected judgment announcement, as well the general structure of the book as a national lament (cf. Joel 1,1–2,18) followed by the YHWH s answer (cf. Joel 2,19–4,21), it can be inferred that the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem is the expected result by the decisive judgment in yôm YHWH and consequence of the saviour presence of YHWH in the temple and his favourable reply to the Liturgy of Lament made by the community of the Judah sons. The literary unity Joel 4,18-21 is presented as a saviour oracle by the dual announcement: it describes the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem as an eschatological restoration of selected land and people. The passage Joel 4,18-21 answers the issues described on Joel s book through keywords: such as an agricultural disaster (cf. Joel 1,2–2,27) and a political failure (cf. Joel 3,1–4,17). Moreover, the formal structure of the passage reflects the two stages of YHWH s answer to both problems: the land s restoration (cf. Joel 2,18-27) and the people s restoration (cf. Joel 3,1–4,17). Thereby, it can be understood the diversity and complexity of themes in the passage Joel 4,18-21 and its conclusive function as it resumes, synthesizes and finalizes the main themes of Joel s book, furthermore, it raises the argumentation developed on the whole book.

No description available.

Depuis leur expulsion de la Terre sainte après la destruction du Second Temple (70 C.E.), les Juifs ne cessèrent d'espérer y retourner. Au fil des siècles, se développèrent plusieurs mouvements d'immigration (l'ʼaliyāh) motivés souvent par des aspirations millénaires. Les plus marquants sont ceux de Tossaphistes de France et d'Angleterre durant le XIIIème siècle, et par la suite de Juifs d'Espagne qui immigrèrent en Terre sainte après l'expulsion de 1492. En 1700, Rabbi Juda ha-Ḥasid (1660-1700) organisa une ʼaliyāh collective en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, dirigée vers Jérusalem. Plus tard, à partir de 1760 se formèrent plusieurs mouvements d' ʼaliyāh tant de disciples de Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov (1690-1760) - les ḥasidim, que ceux de Rabbi Eliyahu- le Gaon de Vilna (1720-1797)- les pĕrūšīm. La première partie de cette étude analyse les motivations de ces mouvements, et met en lumière la doctrine rédemptrice du Gaon de Vilna à travers une recherche originale de sa biographie et de ses ouvrages novateurs. Dans sa deuxième partie, elle analyse comment les disciples du Gaon mirent en pratique en Terre sainte les enseignements de leur maître. Afin de saisir la portée de leurs actions, il est nécessaire de comprendre le contexte géopolitique de l'Empire ottoman et de la Palestine du début du XIXème siècle, ainsi que la particularité des Capitulations régissant le statut des étrangers. Cette étude montre comment les pĕrūšīm surent agir de façon efficace et très innovante face aux problèmes majeurs de l'implantation juive en Terre d’Israël, notamment en ce qui concerne les relations avec le pouvoir ottoman local et avec les représentants des Puissances et les consuls européens, le développement économique et la création d'un système scolaire nouveau. / Since their expulsion from the Holy Land after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 C.E.), the Jews did not cease to hope to return. Over the centuries, immigration movements (Aliyot) grew, often motivated by millennia aspirations. The most notable are those of the Tossafists of France and England during the 13th century, and later, the Jews of Spain who immigrated to the Holy Land after the expulsion of 1492. In 1700, Rabbi Judah ha-Hasid (1660-1700) organized a collective Aliyah from Eastern Europe to Jerusalem. Later, from 1760, several Aliyah movements emerged such as the immigration of the disciples of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov (1690-1760), known as the Hasidim, and of the disciples of Rabbi Eliahu, the Vilna Gaon (1720-1797), known as the Perushim. The first part of this study analyzes the motivations of these movements, and highlights the redemptive doctrine of the Vilna Gaon through original research on his biography and his innovative works. In its second part, the study analyzes how the Gaon's disciples put the teachings of their master into practice in the Holy land. To grasp the significance of their actions, it is necessary to understand the geopolitical context of the Ottoman Empire and Palestine from the early 19th century, and the particularity of the "Capitulations" governing the status of foreigners. This study shows how the Perushim knew how to act effectively and very innovatively concerning the major challenges which the Yishuv, the Jewish settlement, faced. Among the areas of activity in which the disciples of the Gaon involved themselves were the relations with the ottoman local government and with representatives of the Powers, economic development and the creation of a unique educational system.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling dek oor die algemeen die groter geheel van die Monargale Tydvak in die geskiedenis van Israel en Juda. Daar word egter meer spesifiek gefokus op die koningskap van Josia, `n merkwaardige koning van Juda, en sy godsdienstige hervormings wat van stapel gestuur is na aanleiding van die vonds van die wetboek in die Tempel. Die verhaal van Josia word geskets teen die agtergrond van die politieke klimaat in die antieke Nabye Ooste voor- en tydens sy koningskap. Aandag word dus gegee aan ander nasies en die invloed wat hulle op Juda gehad het. Daar word ook gekyk na daardie profete wat moontlik `n invloed op Josia kon gehad het, hetsy profete wat aktief was tydens sy koningskap of in die jare onmiddellik daarvoor. Laastens word ook na die Deuteronomistiese Geskiedenis gekyk ten einde die moontlike verband daarvan met Josia en sy hervormings te bepaal / This dissertation covers, in generaL the topic of the Monarchial Period in the history of Israel. More specific attention is given to Josiah. a remarkable king of Judah, and his program of religious refonn, that was set in motion with the discovery of the Book of the Law in the Temple. The story of Josiah is told against the background of the political climate in the ancient Near East prior to and also during Josiah's reign. Other nations and their influence on Judah is carefully considered in this regard. Attention is also given to those prophets that could possibly have influenced Josiah. Some of these prophets were active during Josiah's reign and others in the years preceding his reign. Lastly the Deuteronomistic History is considered to determine the possible links to Josiah and his refonn program / Old Testament / M.Th. (Old Testament)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling dek oor die algemeen die groter geheel van die Monargale Tydvak in die geskiedenis van Israel en Juda. Daar word egter meer spesifiek gefokus op die koningskap van Josia, `n merkwaardige koning van Juda, en sy godsdienstige hervormings wat van stapel gestuur is na aanleiding van die vonds van die wetboek in die Tempel. Die verhaal van Josia word geskets teen die agtergrond van die politieke klimaat in die antieke Nabye Ooste voor- en tydens sy koningskap. Aandag word dus gegee aan ander nasies en die invloed wat hulle op Juda gehad het. Daar word ook gekyk na daardie profete wat moontlik `n invloed op Josia kon gehad het, hetsy profete wat aktief was tydens sy koningskap of in die jare onmiddellik daarvoor. Laastens word ook na die Deuteronomistiese Geskiedenis gekyk ten einde die moontlike verband daarvan met Josia en sy hervormings te bepaal / This dissertation covers, in generaL the topic of the Monarchial Period in the history of Israel. More specific attention is given to Josiah. a remarkable king of Judah, and his program of religious refonn, that was set in motion with the discovery of the Book of the Law in the Temple. The story of Josiah is told against the background of the political climate in the ancient Near East prior to and also during Josiah's reign. Other nations and their influence on Judah is carefully considered in this regard. Attention is also given to those prophets that could possibly have influenced Josiah. Some of these prophets were active during Josiah's reign and others in the years preceding his reign. Lastly the Deuteronomistic History is considered to determine the possible links to Josiah and his refonn program / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.Th. (Old Testament)